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To date, only a few microbial community studies of cold seeps at the South China Sea (SCS) have been reported. The cold seep dominated by tubeworms was discovered at South Yungan East Ridge (SYER) offshore southwestern Taiwan by miniROV. The tubeworms were identified and proposed as Paraescarpia formosa sp. nov. through morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The endosymbionts in the trunk of P. formosa analyzed by a 16S rRNA gene clone library represented only one phylotype, which belonged to the family Sedimenticolaceae in Gammaproteobacteria. In addition, the archaeal and bacterial communities in the habitat of tubeworm P. formosa were investigated by using high-phylogenetic-resolution full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results showed that anerobic methane-oxidizing archaea (ANME)-1b was most abundant and ANME-2ab was minor in a consortia of the anerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). The known sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) partners in AOM consortia, such as SEEP-SRB1, -SRB2, and -SRB4, Desulfococcus and Desulfobulbus, occurred in a small population (0–5.7%) at the SYER cold seep, and it was suggested that ANME-1b and ANME-2ab might be coupled with multiple SRB in AOM consortia. Besides AOM consortia, various methanogenic archaea, including Bathyarchaeota (Subgroup-8), Methanocellales, Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, Methanofastidiosales and Methanomassiliicoccales, were identified, and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria Sulfurovum and Sulfurimonas in phylum Epsilonbacteraeota were dominant. This study revealed the first investigation of microbiota in and around tubeworm P. formosa discovered at the SYER cold seep offshore southwestern Taiwan. We could gain insights into the chemosynthetic communities in the deep sea, especially regarding the cold seep ecosystems at the SCS.

Various warm- and cold-water fish skins were used to prepare gelatin hydrolysates and compare their in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity. The DPP-IV inhibitory activity of gelatin hydrolysates from warm-water fish was greater than that from cold-water fish. The

The effects of tuna cooking juice hydrolysates by protease XXIII (PA) on cell growth and induction of apoptosis of MCF-7 cell line were determined. The PA hydrolysates showed antiproliferative activities up to 25% against MCF-7 cells, and the >2.5 kDa ultrafiltration fraction (PAH2.5) possessed the highest antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 1.39 mg/mL. PAH2.5 induced cell cycle arrest in S phase through the increases of p21 and p27, and decrease of cyclin A expression. Further, PAH2.5 also induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2, PARP and caspase 9, and upregulation of the expression of p53, Bax and cleaved caspase 3. Two peptides were identified in PAH2.5 as KPEGMDPPLSEPEDRRDGAAGPK (2449.292 Da) and KLPPLLLAKLLMSGKLLAEPCTGR (2562.405 Da). Thus, tuna cooking juice may be a good protein source of antiproliferative peptides against MCF-7.

The peptides (PGH) in the