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10. Co-circulation of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Gamma variants in Italy, February and March 2021

Author

Stefanelli, P., Trentini, F., Guzzetta, G., Marziano, V., Mammone, A., Schepisi, M. S., Poletti, P., Grane, C. M., Manica, M., del Manso, M., Andrianou, X., Ajelli, M., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Merler, S., Di Martino, A., Ambrosio, L., Lo Presti, A., Fiore, S., Fabiani, C., Benedetti, E., Di Mario, G., Facchini, M., Puzelli, S., Calzoletti, L., Fontana, S., Venturi, G., Fortuna, C., Marsili, G., Amendola, A., Stuppia, L., Savini, G., Picerno, A., Lopizzo, T., Dell'Edera, D., Minchella, P., Greco, F., Viglietto, G., Atripaldi, L., Limone, A., D'Agaro, P., Licastro, D., Pongolini, S., Sambri, V., Dirani, G., Zannoli, S., Affanni, P., Colucci, M. E., Capobianchi, M. R., Icardi, G., Bruzzone, B., Lillo, F., Orsi, A., Pariani, E., Baldanti, F., Molecolare, U. V., Gismondo, M. R., Maggi, F., Caruso, A., Ceriotti, F., Boniotti, M. B., Barbieri, I., Bagnarelli, P., Menzo, S., Garofalo, S., Scutella, M., Pagani, E., Collini, L., Ghisetti, V., Brossa, S., Ru, G., Bozzetta, E., Chironna, M., Parisi, A., Rubino, S., Serra, C., Piras, G., Coghe, F., Vitale, F., Tramuto, F., Scalia, G., Palermo, C. I., Mancuso, G., Pollicino, T., Di Gaudio, F., Vullo, S., Reale, S., Cusi, M. G., Rossolini, G. M., Pistello, M., Mencacci, A., Camilloni, B., Severini, S., Di Benedetto, M., Terregino, C., Monne, I., Biscaro, V., Stefanelli P, Trentini F, Guzzetta G, Marziano V, Mammone A, Sane Schepisi M, Poletti P, Molina Grané C, Manica M, Del Manso M, Andrianou X, Ajelli M, Rezza G, Brusaferro S, Merler S, Vitale F, Tramuto F, Stefanelli P., Trentini F., Guzzetta G., Marziano V., Mammone A., Sane Schepisi M., Poletti P., Molina Grane C., Manica M., Del Manso M., Andrianou X., Ajelli M., Rezza G., Brusaferro S., Merler S., Sambri V, and (membro del COVID-19 National Microbiology Surveillance Study Group)

Subjects
Epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, co-circulation, lineage, SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern, transmissibility, Humans, Italy, Models, Theoretical, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, SARS-COV-2 VARIANT OF CONCERN, CO-CIRCULATION, LINEAGE, TRANSMISSIBILITY, HUMANS, ITALY, MODELS, THEORETICAL, COVID-19, SARS-COV-2, Theoretical, Models, Virology, Human
Abstract

Background Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have emerged through 2020 and 2021. There is need for tools to estimate the relative transmissibility of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 with respect to circulating strains. Aim We aimed to assess the prevalence of co-circulating VOC in Italy and estimate their relative transmissibility. Methods We conducted two genomic surveillance surveys on 18 February and 18 March 2021 across the whole Italian territory covering 3,243 clinical samples and developed a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of co-circulating strains. Results The Alpha variant was already dominant on 18 February in a majority of regions/autonomous provinces (national prevalence: 54%) and almost completely replaced historical lineages by 18 March (dominant across Italy, national prevalence: 86%). We found a substantial proportion of the Gamma variant on 18 February, almost exclusively in central Italy (prevalence: 19%), which remained similar on 18 March. Nationally, the mean relative transmissibility of Alpha ranged at 1.55–1.57 times the level of historical lineages (95% CrI: 1.45–1.66). The relative transmissibility of Gamma varied according to the assumed degree of cross-protection from infection with other lineages and ranged from 1.12 (95% CrI: 1.03–1.23) with complete immune evasion to 1.39 (95% CrI: 1.26–1.56) for complete cross-protection. Conclusion We assessed the relative advantage of competing viral strains, using a mathematical model assuming different degrees of cross-protection. We found substantial co-circulation of Alpha and Gamma in Italy. Gamma was not able to outcompete Alpha, probably because of its lower transmissibility.

Published
2022

11. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern B.1.1.7, B.1.351 or P.1: data from seven EU/EEA countries, weeks 38/2020 to 10/2021

Author

Funk T., Pharris A., Spiteri G., Bundle N., Melidou A., Carr M., Gonzalez G., Garcia-Leon A., Crispie F., O'Connor L., Murphy N., Mossong J., Vergison A., Wienecke-Baldacchino A. K., Abdelrahman T., Riccardo F., Stefanelli P., Di Martino A., Bella A., Lo Presti A., Casaca P., Moreno J., Borges V., Isidro J., Ferreira R., Gomes J. P., Dotsenko L., Suija H., Epstein J., Sadikova O., Sepp H., Ikonen N., Savolainen-Kopra C., Blomqvist S., Mottonen T., Helve O., Gomes-Dias J., Adlhoch C., Macori G., Russell L., Yandle Z., Bennett C., O'Byrne E., Murphy A., Tuite G., Conroy A., Duffy M., Morley U., Keoghan B., Ford I., Kennedy M., McDonnell S., Flynn A., Clarke A., Crowley A., Martin C., Kelly E., Foxton J., Hare D., Dunford L., Connell J., Moran J., Dean J., Fanning S., Rajan L., De Gascun C., Kenny J., Cotter P., Walsh C., Lawton E., Fitzpatrick A., Mullins E., Della Bartola M., McCabe M., Stapleton P., Meaney C., Fanning L., Prentice M., MacSharry J., Dempsey C., Mallon P., Leon A., Chaturvedi A., Coughlan S., McAndrew G., Reddington K., Walsh F., Fitzpatrick D., Smyth C., O'Dwyer T., Chambers T., Clarke L., Jebb D., Klopp J., Kavanagh D., Haslam K., Buckley P., Lemass K., Fitzpatrick F., Burns K., Cafferkey J., Richmond A., Foley M., Sanchez-Morgado J., Chalapati S., Pinnamaneni N., Crosbie C., Limbachiya D., Tinago W., Garcia Leon A. A., Miles S., Alalwan D., Negi R., Macken A., Feeney E., Kenny G., McCann K., Kelly N., Blair M., McCann R., Kenny C., O'Brion C., Waqas S., Savinelli S., Doran P., Bracken T., Varghese P., Lambert J. S., Cotter A., Muldoon E., Sheehan G., McGinty T., Lambert J., Green S., Leamy K., de Barra E., McConkey S., Kelly C., Horgan M., Sadlier C., Yousif O., O'Donnell J., Fitzgerald M., Petty-Saphon N., Cuddihy J., Fiore S., Fabiani C., Benedetti E., Di Mario G., Facchini M., Puzelli S., Calzoletti L., Fontana S., Venturi G., Fortuna C., Marsili G., Amendola A., Stuppia L., Savini G., Picerno A., Lopizzo T., Dell'Edera D., Minchella P., Greco F., Mauro M. V., Viglietto G., Atripaldi L., Limone A., D'Agaro P., Licastro D., Marcello A., Capobianchi M. R., Icardi G., Bruzzone B., Lillo F., Orsi A., Pariani E., Baldanti F., Gismondo M. R., Maggi F., Caruso A., Ceriotti F., Boniotti B., Bagnarelli P., Garofalo S., Scutella M., Pagani E., Collini L., Ghisetti V., Ru G., Chironna M., Parisi A., Rubino S., Serra C., Piras G., Coghe F., Vitale F., Tramuto F., Scalia G., Palermo C. I., Mancuso G., Di Gaudio F., Vullo S., Reale S., Cusi M. G., Rossolini G. M., Pistello M., Mencacci A., Camilloni B., Severini S., Di Benedetto M., Calogero T., Monne I., Biscaro V., COVID Study Groups, Funk T., Pharris A., Spiteri G., Bundle N., Melidou A., Carr M., Gonzalez G., Garcia-Leon A., Crispie F., O'Connor L., Murphy N., Mossong J., Vergison A., Wienecke-Baldacchino A.K., Abdelrahman T., Riccardo F., Stefanelli P., Di Martino A., Bella A., Lo Presti A., Casaca P., Moreno J., Borges V., Isidro J., Ferreira R., Gomes J.P., Dotsenko L., Suija H., Epstein J., Sadikova O., Sepp H., Ikonen N., Savolainen-Kopra C., Blomqvist S., Mottonen T., Helve O., Gomes-Dias J., Adlhoch C., Macori G., Russell L., Yandle Z., Bennett C., O'Byrne E., Murphy A., Tuite G., Conroy A., Duffy M., Morley U., Keoghan B., Ford I., Kennedy M., McDonnell S., Flynn A., Clarke A., Crowley A., Martin C., Kelly E., Foxton J., Hare D., Dunford L., Connell J., Moran J., Dean J., Fanning S., Rajan L., De Gascun C., Kenny J., Cotter P., Walsh C., Lawton E., Fitzpatrick A., Mullins E., Della Bartola M., McCabe M., Stapleton P., Meaney C., Fanning L., Prentice M., MacSharry J., Dempsey C., Mallon P., Leon A., Chaturvedi A., Coughlan S., McAndrew G., Reddington K., Walsh F., Fitzpatrick D., Smyth C., O'Dwyer T., Chambers T., Clarke L., Jebb D., Klopp J., Kavanagh D., Haslam K., Buckley P., Lemass K., Fitzpatrick F., Burns K., Cafferkey J., Richmond A., Foley M., Sanchez-Morgado J., Chalapati S., Pinnamaneni N., Crosbie C., Limbachiya D., Tinago W., Garcia Leon A.A., Miles S., Alalwan D., Negi R., Macken A., Feeney E., Kenny G., McCann K., Kelly N., Blair M., McCann R., Kenny C., O'Brion C., Waqas S., Savinelli S., Doran P., Bracken T., Varghese P., Lambert J.S., Cotter A., Muldoon E., Sheehan G., McGinty T., Lambert J., Green S., Leamy K., de Barra E., McConkey S., Kelly C., Horgan M., Sadlier C., Yousif O., O'Donnell J., Fitzgerald M., Petty-Saphon N., Cuddihy J., Fiore S., Fabiani C., Benedetti E., Di Mario G., Facchini M., Puzelli S., Calzoletti L., Fontana S., Venturi G., Fortuna C., Marsili G., Amendola A., Stuppia L., Savini G., Picerno A., Lopizzo T., Dell'Edera D., Minchella P., Greco F., Mauro M.V., Viglietto G., Atripaldi L., Limone A., D'Agaro P., Licastro D., Marcello A., Capobianchi M.R., Icardi G., Bruzzone B., Lillo F., Orsi A., Pariani E., Baldanti F., Gismondo M.R., Maggi F., Caruso A., Ceriotti F., Boniotti B., Bagnarelli P., Garofalo S., Scutella M., Pagani E., Collini L., Ghisetti V., Ru G., Chironna M., Parisi A., Rubino S., Serra C., Piras G., Coghe F., Vitale F., Tramuto F., Scalia G., Palermo C.I., Mancuso G., Di Gaudio F., Vullo S., Reale S., Cusi M.G., Rossolini G.M., Pistello M., Mencacci A., Camilloni B., Severini S., Di Benedetto M., Calogero T., Monne I., Biscaro V., and COVID Study Groups

Subjects
Infecções Respiratórias, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Critical Care, Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), variants of concern, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Intensive care admission, 030212 general & internal medicine, COVID-19, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, surveillance, Surveillance, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Variants of Concern, COVID-19, Europe, SARS-CoV-2, surveillance, variants of concern, 0305 other medical science, business, Rapid Communication, Human
Abstract

COVID study groups - PORTUGAL: Portuguese Laboratory Network for the Diagnosis of COVID-19 and Public Health Department of the Health Administrative Regions, Physicians that provided data and samples from suspected cases and SARS-CoV-2 genetic characterization. INSA laboratory team for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Algarve Biomedical Center and Unilabs. We compared 19,207 cases of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7/S gene target failure (SGTF), 436 B.1.351 and 352 P.1 to non-variant cases reported by seven European countries. COVID-19 cases with these variants had significantly higher adjusted odds ratios for hospitalisation (B.1.1.7/SGTF: 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-2.9; B.1.351: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1-6.2; P.1: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.4-4.8) and B.1.1.7/SGTF and P.1 cases also for intensive care admission (B.1.1.7/SGTF: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.5; P.1: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.7-2.8). ECDC internal funds. The ICSC and the AIID Cohort are supported by Science Foundation Ireland under the Science Foundation Ireland, Enterprise Ireland, IDA Ireland COVID-19 Rapid Response Funding Call (Grant number: COVID-RRC 20/COV/0103 and COVID-RRC 20/COV/0305). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2021

13. Co-circulation of the two influenza B lineages during 13 consecutive influenza surveillance seasons in Italy, 2004-2017

Author

Puzelli S., Martino A. D., Facchini M., Fabiani C., Calzoletti L., Mario G. D., Palmieri A., Affanni P., Camilloni B., Chironna M., D'Agaro P., Giannecchini S., Pariani E., Serra C., Rizzo C., Bella A., Donatelli I., Castrucci M. R., Ansaldi F., Arvia R., Azzi A., Bagnarelli P., Baldanti F., Capobianchi M. R., Castaldi S., Colucci M. E., Galli C., Ghisetti V., Orsi A., Pagani E., Palu G., Sanguinetti M., Smeraglia R., Tramuto F., Vitale F., Puzelli S, Di Martino A, Facchini M, Fabiani C, Calzoletti L, Di Mario G, Palmieri A, Affanni P, Camilloni B, Chironna M, D'Agaro P, Giannecchini S, Pariani E, Serra C, Rizzo C, Bella A, Donatelli I, Castrucci MR, Ansaldi F, Arvia R, Azzi A, Bagnarelli P, Baldanti F, Capobianchi MR, Castaldi S, Colucci ME, Galli C, Ghisetti V, Orsi A, Pagani E, Palù G, Sanguinetti M, Smeraglia R, Tramuto F, Vitale F, Puzelli, S., Martino, A. D., Facchini, M., Fabiani, C., Calzoletti, L., Mario, G. D., Palmieri, A., Affanni, P., Camilloni, B., Chironna, M., D'Agaro, P., Giannecchini, S., Pariani, E., Serra, C., Rizzo, C., Bella, A., Donatelli, I., Castrucci, M. R., Ansaldi, F., Arvia, R., Azzi, A., Bagnarelli, P., Baldanti, F., Capobianchi, M. R., Castaldi, S., Colucci, M. E., Galli, C., Ghisetti, V., Orsi, A., Pagani, E., Palu, G., Sanguinetti, M., Smeraglia, R., Tramuto, F., and Vitale, F.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Influenza virological surveillance, Influenza B virus, Victoria lineage, Yamagata lineage, Vaccine match, medicine.medical_specialty, Lineage (evolution), Population, Influenza B viru, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Vaccine match, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata, Virus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medical microbiology, Immunity, Retrospective Studie, Influenza, Human, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Phylogeny, Retrospective Studies, education.field_of_study, biology, Strain (biology), Victoria lineage, Influenza B virus, Influenza virological surveillance, Italy, Yamagata lineage, Virology, Influenza, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Parasitology, Influenza Vaccines, Influenza virological surveillance, Influenza B virus, Victoria lineage, Yamagata lineage, Vaccine match, Italy, Epidemiological Monitoring, biology.protein, Seasons, Influenza Vaccine, Research Article, Human
Abstract

BackgroundSince 1985, two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses (Victoria-like and Yamagata-like) have circulated globally. Trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines contain two circulating influenza A strains but a single B strain and thus provide limited immunity against circulating B strains of the lineage not included in the vaccine. In this study, we describe the characteristics of influenza B viruses that caused respiratory illness in the population in Italy over 13 consecutive seasons of virological surveillance, and the match between the predominant influenza B lineage and the vaccine B lineage, in each season.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2017, 26,886 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were registered in Italy, of which 18.7% were type B. Among them, the lineage of 2465 strains (49%) was retrieved or characterized in this study by a real-time RT-PCR assay and/or sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene.ResultsCo-circulation of both B lineages was observed each season, although in different proportions every year. Overall, viruses of B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages caused 53.3 and 46.7% of influenza B infections, respectively. A higher proportion of infections with both lineages was detected in children, and there was a declining frequency of B/Victoria detections with age. A mismatch between the vaccine and the predominant influenza B lineage occurred in eight out of thirteen influenza seasons under study. Considering the seasons when B accounted for > 20% of all laboratory-confirmed influenza cases, a mismatch was observed in four out of six seasons. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA1 domain confirmed the co-circulation of both lineages and revealed a mixed circulation of distinct evolutionary viral variants, with different levels of match to the vaccine strains.ConclusionsThis study contributes to the understanding of the circulation of influenza B viruses in Italy. We found a continuous co-circulation of both B lineages in the period 2004–2017, and determined that children were particularly vulnerable to Victoria-lineage influenza B virus infections. An influenza B lineage mismatch with the trivalent vaccine occurred in about two-thirds of cases.

Published
2019

14. Health Communication in COVID-19 Era: Experiences from the Italian VaccinarSì Network Websites

Author

Arghittu, A, Dettori, M, Dempsey, E, Deiana, G, Angelini, C, Bechini, A, Bertoni, C, Boccalini, S, Bonanni, P, Cinquetti, S, Chiesi, F, Chironna, M, Costantino, C, Ferro, A, Fiacchini, D, Icardi, G, Poscia, A, Russo, F, Siddu, A, Spadea, A, Sticchi, L, Triassi, M, Vitale, F, and Castiglia, P.

Subjects
health communication, e-health, vaccine hesitancy, website, VaccinarSì network
Published
2021

15. Group A rotavirus surveillance before vaccine introduction in Italy, September 2014 to August 2017

Author

Ianiro G, Micolano R, Di Bartolo I, Scavia G, Monini M, Pagani E, Moroder L, Aschbacher R, Binda S, Pellegrinelli L, Farina C, Mignacca A, Bruno R, Vuolo A, Peyronel, Contarini MN, Zanella F, Bordignon G, Zoppelletto M, Affanni P, Lazzarotto T, Chiereghin, Recanatini C, D’Errico M, Camilloni, Concato C, Onori M, Valentini D, Campagnuolo, Mungiguerra M, Chironna M, Morea A, Castiglia P., Ianiro G, Micolano R, Di Bartolo I, Scavia G, Monini M, and Pagani E, Moroder L, Aschbacher R, Binda S, Pellegrinelli L, Farina C, Mignacca A, Bruno R, Vuolo A, Peyronel, Contarini MN, Zanella F, Bordignon G, Zoppelletto M, Affanni P, Lazzarotto T, Chiereghin, Recanatini C, D’Errico M, Camilloni, Concato C, Onori M, Valentini D, Campagnuolo, Mungiguerra M, Chironna M, Morea A, Castiglia P.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, group A rotavirus, genotype, Settore MED/42 - Igiene Generale e Applicata, Reassortment, molecular methods, medicine.disease_cause, Group A, group A rotaviru, 0302 clinical medicine, Rotavirus, Genotype, Epidemiology, molecular method, 030212 general & internal medicine, acute gastroenteritis, Child, Antigens, Viral, infection control, Gastroenteritis, epidemiology, human, Italy, rotavirus, rotavirus infection, statistics, surveillance, viral infections, Child, Preschool, RNA, Viral, acute gastroenteriti, medicine.medical_specialty, statistic, Biology, Rotavirus Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Humans, Routine screening, rotaviru, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Acute gastroenteritis, Vaccine introduction, 030104 developmental biology, Sentinel Surveillance
Abstract

Introduction Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children, causing ca 250,000 deaths worldwide, mainly in low-income countries. Two proteins, VP7 (glycoprotein, G genotype) and VP4 (protease-sensitive protein, P genotype), are the basis for the binary RVA nomenclature. Although 36 G types and 51 P types are presently known, most RVA infections in humans worldwide are related to five G/P combinations: G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8]. Aim This study aimed to characterise the RVA strains circulating in Italy in the pre-vaccination era, to define the trends of circulation of genotypes in the Italian paediatric population. Methods Between September 2014 and August 2017, after routine screening in hospital by commercial antigen detection kit, 2,202 rotavirus-positive samples were collected in Italy from children hospitalised with AGE; the viruses were genotyped following standard European protocols. Results This 3-year study revealed an overall predominance of the G12P[8] genotype (544 of 2,202 cases; 24.70%), followed by G9P[8] (535/2,202; 24.30%), G1P[8] (459/2,202; 20.84%) and G4P[8] (371/2,202; 16.85%). G2P[4] and G3P[8] genotypes were detected at low rates (3.32% and 3.09%, respectively). Mixed infections accounted for 6.49% of cases (143/2,202), uncommon RVA strains for 0.41% of cases (9/2,202). Conclusions The emergence of G12P[8] rotavirus in Italy, as in other countries, marks this genotype as the sixth most common human genotype. Continuous surveillance of RVA strains and monitoring of circulating genotypes are important for a better understanding of rotavirus evolution and genotype distribution, particularly regarding strains that may emerge from reassortment events.

Published
2019

16. No evidence of SARS‐Cov‐2 infection by PCR or serology in children with pseudochilblain

Author

Caselli, D., Chironna, M., Loconsole, D., Nigri, L., Mazzotta, F., Bonamonte, D., and Aricò, M.

Subjects
Research Letter, Research Letters
Abstract

Despite its aggressive clinical course, leading to 6.4% fatality rate as of May 25, 2020 (https://qap.ecdc.europa.eu/public/extensions/COVID-19/COVID-19.html), COVID‐19 turned out to be only marginally aggressive in children. In a report from Lombardy, 18/88 COVID‐19 hospitalized adults (20%) had developed cutaneous manifestations: erythematous rash, widespread urticarial, and chickenpox‐like vesicles. Trunk was the main involved region. Itching was low or absent and usually lesions healed in few days. An unexpected outbreak of acute pseudochilblain skin lesions is being reported from different countries and related to COVID‐19.

Published
2020

24. Diagnosis

Author

Zhukhovitski, W. G., Aruin, L. I., Ilchenko, A. S., Gorodinskaya, V. S., Meyer-Rosberg, K., Gustavsson, S., Maeland, J. A., Kleveland, P. M., Kvam, A. I., Witteman, E. M., Bloembergen, P., Koning, R. W. de, Alcalde, M., Lanche, A., Carpintero, P., Garcia, R., Sanchez, P., Pajares, J. M., Tham, T. C. K., McLaughlin, N., Hughes, D. F., Ferguson, M., Crosbie, J. J., Madden, M., Namnyak, S., O’Connor, F. A., Gosciniak, G., Matysiak-Budnik, T., Poniewierka, E., Przondo-Mordarska, A., Monno, R., Quarto, M., Ierardi, E., Chironna, M., Cafforio, P., Margiotta, M., Francavilla, A., Yamamoto, I., Fukuda, Y., Tonokatsu, Y., Takami, S., Mizuta, T., Hayashi, T., Tamura, T., Hori, S., Shimoyama, T., Juutinen, K., Granberg, C., Häivä, V. M., Lehtonen, O. P., Kujari, H., Mansikka, A., Martín, E., Sanz, J. C., Alarcón, T., Cardenoso, L., López-Brea, M., Powell, Frank C., Daw, M. A., Duguid, Chris, Goossens, H., Glupczynski, Y., Burette, A., Deprez, C., Borre, C. Van den, Butzler, J. P., Veenendaa, R. A., Peña, A. S., Kuiper, I., Duijn, W. Van, Lamers, C. B. H. W., De Koster, E., Fannes, F., Denis, P., Baise, E., Van Roosbroeck, A., Nyst, J. F., Deltenre, M., Adeyemi, E. O., Al-Homsi, M., Goodwin, C. S., Demers, B., Karmali, M., Sherman, P., Pender, S. M., Courtney, M. G., Holloway, H., Sexton, T. B., Fielding, J. F., Mendes, E. N., Queiroz, D. M. M., Rocha, G. A., Moura, S. B., Barbosa, M. I., Carvalhaes, S. M., Freitas, M. L. P., Mendall, M. A., Goggin, P. M., Molineaux, N., Levi, J., Harding, T., Maneno, J. H., Corbishley, C., Finlayson, C., Badue, S., Northfield, T. C., Moldrzyyk, Veltzhe-Schliehenlr, Vogt, H., Trautman, K., Hampel, M., Hausmann, T., Gratz, K. F., Kelber, A., Soudan, B., Wagner, S., Hundeshagen, H., Jurgos, L., Druguet, M., Pommier, C., Rousseau, M., Courpron, P., Brazier, J. L., Marks, J., Rao, G. Gopal, Cobden, I., Johri, R., John, S., Rodgers, A. D., Awad, Magbri, Naqvi, Altaf, McCarthy, C. F., Kristiansen, Jette E., Andersen, L. P., Justesen, T., Hvidberg, E. F., Tahar, A. S., Reid, J., Boothmann, P., Gemmell, C. G., Lee, F. D., Sturrock, R. D., Russell, I., Tessaro, P., Schiavon, R., Contini, M. G., Rugge, M., Guido, M., Glorioso, S., Turatello, F., Naccarato, R., Kist, M., Eschweiler, B., Koch, H. K., Dzierzanowska, D., Vogtt, E., Wojda, U., Muszynski, J., Laszewicz, W., and Skawinski, W.

Published
1992
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27. Uncommon G9P[4] group A rotavirus strains causing dehydrating diarrhea in young children in Italy

Author

Ianiro, G., Recanatini, C., D'Errico, M. M., Monini, M., Pagani, E., Moroder, L., Binda, S., Pellegrinelli, L., Mignacca, A., Bruno, R., Vuolo, A., Zanella, F., Bordignon, G., Affanni, P., Lazzarotto, T., Chiereghin, A., Camilloni, B., Concato, C., Onori, M., Valentini, D., Chironna, M., Morea, A., and Castiglia, P.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, Rotavirus, Diarrhea, medicine.medical_specialty, Genes, Viral, Genotype, Nucleotide sequencing, Genome, Viral, P[4], Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Group A, Rotavirus Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Epidemiology, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Public Health Surveillance, Amino Acid Sequence, Molecular Biology, Genotyping, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, G9, Molecular Epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Group A rotavirus, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, Group A rotaviruses, Female, medicine.symptom, Human
Abstract

Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are one of the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children, being responsible for up to 250.000 deaths worldwide, mostly in developing countries. The two outer capsid proteins VP7 (glycoprotein, G-genotype) and VP4 (protease-sensitive protein, P-genotype) are the basis for the binary RVA nomenclature. Although at least 36 G-types and 51 P-types of rotavirus are presently known, most RVA infections in humans, worldwide as well as in Italy, are related to six major G/P combinations: G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. In November 2016, in the framework of the Italian 2016/17 rotavirus surveillance season, a total of 22 rotavirus-positive samples from hospitalized children presenting AGE symptoms were collected in a small area of Central Italy (Ancona, Marche). After genotyping, 3 samples presented the G9P[4] genotype. In order to better understand the origin of these uncommon RVA strains causing dehydrating diarrhea in three children, the strains RVA/Human-wt/ITA/AN18/2016/G9P[4], RVA/Human-wt/ITA/AN19/2016/G9P[4] and RVA/Human-wt/ITA/AN22/2016/G9P[4] were subjected to nucleotide sequencing of all the 11 gene segments to define their genomic constellation. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the genomic constellation of the three strains was G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2, highlighting human origin for all the gene segments investigated. The molecular characterization of RVAs and the continue monitoring of their circulation is needed to better define the epidemiology of these pathogen and to detect the emergence of viral variants presenting a high spreading potential in humans in the post-vaccination era.

Published
2018

29. 2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: results from the I-MOVE+ project

Author

Rondy, Marc, Larrauri, A., Casado, I., Alfonsi, V., Pitigoi, D., Launay, O., Syrjänen, R. K., Gefenaite, G., Machado, A., Vučina, V. V., Horváth, J. K., Paradowska-Stankiewicz, I., Marbus, S. D., Gherasim, A., Díaz-González, J. A., Rizzo, C., Ivanciuc, A. E., Galtier, F., Ikonen, N., Mickiene, A., Gomez, V., Kurečić Filipović, S., Ferenczi, A., Korcinska, M. R., Van Gageldonk-Lafeber, R., Valenciano, M., Altzibar, Jone M., Arraras, Ion Garcia, Cilla, Gustavo, Marco, Elisa, Vidal, Matxalen, Omenaca, Manuel, Castilla, J., Navascues, A., Ezpeleta, C., Barrado, L., Ortega, M. T., Bella, A., Castrucci, M. R., Puzelli, S., Chironna, M., Germinario, C., Ansaldi, F., Orsi, A., Manini, I., Montomoli, E., Lupulescu, E., Lazar, M., Cherciu, C. M., Tecu, C., Mihai, M. E., Nitescu, M., Leca, D., Ceausu, E., Lenzi, N., Lesieur, Z., Loulergue, P., Foulongne, V., Letois, F., Merle, C., Vanhems, P., Lina, B., Nohynek, H., Haveri, A., Kuliese, M., Velyvyte, D., Grimalauskaite, R., Damuleviciene, G., Lesauskaite, V., Jancoriene, L., Zablockiene, B., Ambrozaitis, A., Nunes, B., Rodrigues, A. P., Gomes, V., Corte-Real, R., Pocas, J., Peres, M. J., Kaić, B., Oroszi, B., Brydak, L. B., Cieślak, K., Kowalczyk, D., Szymański, K., Jakubik, A., Skolimowska, G., Hulboj, D., Meijer, A., Van Der Hoek, W., Schneeberger, P. M., Palmieri, Annapina, Giannitelli, Stefania, Ranghiasci, Alessia, Bacruban, Rodica, Azamfire, Delia, Dumitrescu, Aura, Ianosik, Elena, Duca, Elena, Bejan, Codrina, Teodor, Andra, Florescu, Simin-Aysel, Popescu, Corneliu, Tardei, Gratiela, Charpentier, Julien, Marin, Nathalie, Doumenc, Benoit, Le Jeunne, Claire, Krivine, Anne, Momcilovic, Sonia, Benet, Thomas, Amour, Selilah, Henaff, Laetitia, Jokinen, Jukka, Lyytikainen, Outi, Palmu, Arto, Siren, Paivi, Ruokokoski, Esa, Nunes, Baltazar, Rodrigues, Ana Paula, Guiomar, Raquel, Gomes, Victor, Quaresma, Filipa, Vale, Luis, Garcia, Teresa, Bernardo, Teresa, Dias, Liliana, Fonseca, Paula, Amorim, Helena, Rolo, Joao, Pacheco, Helena, Branquinho, Paula, Corte-Real, Rita, Pocas, Jose, Lopes, Paula, Peres, Maria Joao, Ribeiro, Rosa, Duarte, Paula, Pedroso, Ermelinda, Rodrigues, Sara, Silverio, Ana Rita, Pedreira, Diana Gomes, Fonseca, Marta Ferreira, Vince, Adriana, Topić, Antea, Papić, Neven, Mihalić, Jelena Budimir, Novosel, Iva Pem, Petrović, Goranka, Zajec, Martina, Draženović, Vladimir, Hercegh, Eva, Szalai, Balint, Antmann, Katalin, Nagy, Kamilla, Unión Europea, EpiConcept, Institute of Health Carlos III, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Istituto Superiore de Sanita, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Instituto Nacional de Saùde Dr Ricardo Jorge [Portugal] (INSA), CIC Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-CHU Saint-Eloi-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-CRIN, Innovative clinical research network in vaccinology (I-REIVAC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], and National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM)

Subjects
Infecções Respiratórias, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Heart disease, Epidemiology, Efetividade da Vacina Antigripal, 0302 clinical medicine, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, 80 and over, Influenza A Virus, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Vaccination, virus diseases, 3. Good health, Europe, Hospitalization, Influenza Vaccines, case control, elderly, hospitalisation, influenza, severe acute respiratory infection, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine-preventable diseases, Vaccine-preventable diseases, Female, Public Health, Seasons, Research Article, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Influenza vaccine, 030106 microbiology, Aged, Humans, Influenza B virus, Influenza, Human, Logistic Models, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), Sentinel Surveillance, Vaccine Potency, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Virology, Hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, H1N1 Subtype, Vacina Antigripal, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cuidados de Saúde, Case-control study, medicine.disease, Influenza, Confidence interval, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, business
Abstract

Members of the I-MOVE+ project - Portugal: Baltazar Nunes, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Raquel Guiomar (Infectious Diseases Department, National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal), Victor Gomes, Filipa Quaresma, Luis Vale, Teresa Garcia, Teresa Bernardo, Liliana Dias, Paula Fonseca, Helena Amorim, João Rolo, Helena Pacheco, Paula Branquinho, Rita Côrte-Real (Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal),José Poças, Paula Lopes, Maria João Peres, Rosa Ribeiro, Paula Duarte, Ermelinda Pedroso, Sara Rodrigues, Ana Rita Silvério, Diana Gomes Pedreira, Marta Ferreira Fonseca, (Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal). We conducted a multicentre test-negative case-control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged ≥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases. The I-MOVE+ project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634446. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017

30. HIV awareness: a kap study among students in Italy reveals that preventive campaigns still represent a public health priority.

Author

Loconsole, D., Metallo, A., Bruno, V., De Robertis, A. L., Morea, A., Quarto, M., and Chironna, M.

Subjects
HIV infections, STUDENT health, HEALTH education, CONDOM use
Abstract

Copyright of Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità is the property of Societa Editrice Universo s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020
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31. Molecular characterization of rotavirus strains from children with diarrhea in Italy, 2007-2009

Author

Ruggeri, Fm, Delogu, R, Petouchoff, T, Tcheremenskaia, O, De Petris, S, Fiore, L, RotaNet Italy Study Group: Pompa MG, Francesca, R, Zanella, F, Cesco, D, Sartore, P, Micera, M, Zotti, Carla Maria, Cacello, E, Balbi, L, Barbi, M, Binda, S, Primache, V, Iorio, Am, Camilloni, B, Basileo, M, Medici, Mc, Chezzi, C, Abelli, L, Rizzo, C, Giammanco, Gm, De Grazia, S, Angela, M, Chironna, M, Sallustio, A, Germinario, C, Tanzi, Ml, Pietrosemoli, P, D'Errico, M, Marigliano, A, Comodo, N, Lorini, C, Martella, V, Storelli, S, Cocchi, P, Festini, F, De Rosa, M, Chisari, M, Raglio, A, Zanchi, A, Onori, M, Danzi, G, Lazzarotto, T, Pedroni, M, Mignacca, A, Ansaldi, F, Mammì, P, Calabria, R., Ruggeri F.M., Delogu R., Petouchoff T., Tcheremenskaia O., De Petris S., Fiore L., Pompa M.G., Russo F., Zanella F., Cesco D., Sartore P., Micera M., Zotti C., Cacello E., Balbi L., Barbi M., Binda S., Primache V., Iorio A.M., Camilloni B., Basileo M., Medici M.C., Chezzi C., Abelli L., Rizzo C., Giammanco G.M., De Grazia S., Platia M.A., Chironna M., Sallustio A., Germinario C., Tanzi M.L., Pietrosemoli P., D'Errico M., Marigliano A., Comodo N., Lorini C., Martella V., Storelli S., Cocchi P., Festini F., De Rosa M., Chisari M., Raglio A., Zanchi A., Onori M., Danzi G., Lazzarotto T., Pedroni M., Mignacca A., Ansaldi F., Mammi P., Tcheremenskia O., De Pretis S., and RotaNet-Italy Study group.

Subjects
Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Genotyping, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinica, viruses, genotype, Reassortment, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rotavirus Infections, law.invention, strain, law, Virology, Genotype, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Polymerase chain reaction, Base Sequence, Molecular epidemiology, Infant, Newborn, Rotavirus Vaccines, Genetic Variation, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Rotaviru, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, surveillance, RNA, Viral, medicine.symptom, Reassortant Viruses
Abstract

The surveillance network RotaNet-Italia was established in 2007 in order to investigate the diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains in Italy, and to provide a baseline for future assessment of possible effects of vaccine implementation in selecting novel versus common rotavirus strains. A total of 2,645 rotavirus strains from pediatric patients with acute diarrhea were collected over three consecutive seasons from September 2006 through August 2009, and partially characterized by standardized multiplex RT-PCR. Most of strains (89.1%) belonged to genotypes G1–G4, and G9, associated with either P[8] or P[4], commonly found in humans worldwide. However, in at least 2.0% of cases, viruses exhibited either a G or P type typical of animal viral strains, suggesting gene reassortment events between rotaviruses of different origin. Mixed infections with two or more rotavirus strains were observed frequently (7.6% of patients), and depended on the frequencies of co-circulating rotaviruses of one particular genotype. The numbers and genotypes of likely natural reassortants of common genotype rotaviruses were found to be correlated with the observed numbers and genotypes of mixed infections. Large variation in the relative frequency of different rotavirus genotypes was observed between different seasons and/or areas of Italy, suggesting independent evolution or differential introduction of viral strains with respect to both time and space. J. Med. Virol. 83:1657–1668

Published
2011

37. Response to 'No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by polymerase chain reaction or serology in children with pseudo‐chilblain'. Reply from the authors.

Author

Caselli, D., Chironna, M., Loconsole, D., and Aricò, M.

Subjects
*POLYMERASE chain reaction, *SARS-CoV-2, *SEROLOGY, *EVIDENCE, *INFECTION
Abstract

Linked Articles: Recalcati et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1154–1156; Caselli et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:784–785. Colmenero et al. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:729–737. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Detection of hepatitis A virus in mussels from different sources marketed in Puglia region (South Italy)

Author

Chironna, M., Germinario, C., De Medici, D., Fiore, A., Di Pasquale, S., Quarto, M., and Barbuti, S.

Subjects
*HEPATITIS A virus, *SHELLFISH, *REVERSE transcriptase, *POLYMERASE chain reaction
Abstract

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is endemic in Puglia (South Italy). Epidemiological studies indicate that shellfish consumption, particularly mussels, is a major risk factor for HAV infection, since these products are eaten raw or slightly cooked. Nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been shown to be a sensitive technique for the detection of HAV in mussels. The aim of the present study was to detect the presence of HAV in a large sample of mussels by nested RT-PCR and to confirm the presence of infectious viral particles in positive samples by cell culture infection and RT-PCR confirmation. Two hundred and ninety samples of mussels from different sources were collected between December 1999 and January 2000. One hundred samples were collected before being subjected to depuration, 90 after depuration, and 100 were sampled in different seafood markets. HAV-RNA was detected in 20 (20.0%) of non-depurated mussels, in 10 (11.1%) of depurated samples, and in 23 (23.0%) of samples collected in the shellfish markets, without any significant difference in the prevalence of positive samples by collection sources (χ2=4.79, p=0.09). Of the 53 samples found positive by nested RT-PCR, 18 (34.0%) resulted positive by cell culture assay. No relationship between viral contamination and bacterial contamination was found (p=0.41). This study confirms the usefulness of molecular techniques in detecting HAV in shellfish and, thus, for the screening of a large sample of naturally contaminated mussels. Improved shellfish depuration methods are needed to obtain virus-safe shellfish and reduce the risk for public human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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44. Hepatitis A in Puglia (South Italy) after 10 years of universal vaccination: need for strict monitoring and catch-up vaccination

Author

Chironna Maria, Prato Rosa, Sallustio Anna, Martinelli Domenico, Tafuri Silvio, Quarto Michele, and Germinario Cinzia

Subjects
Environment, Hepatitis A vaccination coverage, Phylogenetic analysis of HAV, Puglia, Seroepidemiology, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Raw seafood consumption was identified as the major risk factor for hepatitis A during the large epidemic of 1996 and 1997 in Puglia (South Italy). In Puglia, vaccination for toddlers and preadolescents has been recommended since 1998. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, seroprevalence, molecular epidemiology, and environmental circulation of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Puglia more than ten years after the introduction of anti-HAV vaccination in the regional immunization program. Methods Data on the incidence of acute hepatitis A in Puglia were analyzed. Characteristics and risk factors of 97 acute hepatitis A cases occurring in 2008–2009 were analyzed. Serum samples from 868 individuals aged 0 to 40 years were tested for anti-HAV antibodies. Fecal samples from 49 hepatitis A cases were analyzed by sequence analysis in the VP1/P2A region. In 2008, 203 mussel samples and 202 water samples from artesian wells were tested for HAV-RNA. Results Between 1998 and 2009, the incidence of acute hepatitis A declined from 14.8 to 0.8 per 100,000. The most frequent risk factors reported by cases in 2008–2009 were shellfish consumption (85%) and travel outside of Puglia or Italy (26%). Seroepidemiologic survey revealed high susceptibility to HAV in children and adults up to age 30 (65%-70%). None of the mussel or water samples were HAV-positive. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-circulation of subtypes IA (74%) and IB (26%) and clustering of strains with strains from Germany and France, and those previously circulating in Puglia. Conclusion Vaccination and improved sanitation reduced the incidence of hepatitis A. Strict monitoring and improved vaccination coverage are needed to prevent disease resurgence.

Published
2012
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45. Genetic characterization of measles virus strains isolated during an epidemic cluster in Puglia, Italy 2006–2007

Author

Martinelli Domenico, Sallustio Anna, Prato Rosa, Chironna Maria, Germinario Cinzia, Lopalco Pierluigi, and Quarto Michele

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract The genetic characterization of wild-type measles strains isolated during an epidemic cluster of measles occurred in Puglia (South Italy), between November 2006 and January 2007, was performed. Measles virus (MV) detection was carried out by a nested RT-PCR on 8 of 18 total cases. The viruses were analyzed using the standard genotyping protocols. The N gene sequences of the strains from outbreak were identical to each other, and sequence analysis revealed that the viruses belonged to genotype B3, subgroup B3.1, never identified before in Italy. An importation of measles B3.1 strains from Africa was hypothesized. Molecular surveillance will help to monitor the progress in measles elimination.

Published
2007
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46. Norovirus gastroenteritis general outbreak associated with raw shellfish consumption in South Italy

Author

Germinario Cinzia, Barbuti Giovanna, Chironna Maria, Lopalco Pier, Prato Rosa, and Quarto Michele

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Despite Noroviruses (NV, previously "Norwalk-like viruses") being a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks, the impact of NV infection is at present unknown and little information is available about strains circulating in Italy. In April 2002 an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in the province of Bari (South-east Italy), involving several households. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed in order to assess risk factors associated with illness. All households where a case occurred were included in the study. Faecal specimens were collected from ill individuals. NV-specific RT-PCR was performed. Eleven samples of mussels were collected from fish-markets involved in the outbreak. A nested PCR was used for mussel samples. Results One hundred and three cases, detected by means of active surveillance, met the case definition. Raw shellfish eating was the principal risk factor for the disease, as indicated by the analytic issues (Risk Ratio: 1.50; IC 95%: 1.18 – 1.89; p < 0.001). NVs were found by means of RT-PCR of all the stool specimens from the 24 patients tested. Eleven samples of shellfish from local markets were tested for the presence or NVs; six were positive by nested PCR and genotypes were related to that found in patients' stools. Conclusion This is the first community outbreak caused by NVs related to sea-food consumption described in Italy. The study confirms that the present standards for human faecal contamination do not seem to be a reliable indicator of viral contaminants in mussels.

Published
2004
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47. Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Italian medical students: The multicentre cross-sectional 'PRIMES' study

Author

Fabrizio Bert, Giuseppina Lo Moro, Alessio Corradi, Anna Acampora, Antonella Agodi, Laura Brunelli, Maria Chironna, Silvia Cocchio, Vincenza Cofini, Marcello Mario D'Errico, Carolina Marzuillo, Cesira Pasquarella, Maria Pavia, Vincenzo Restivo, Maria Rosaria Gualano, Paolo Leombruni, Roberta Siliquini, Collaborating Group, Bert, F., Lo Moro, G., Corradi, A., Acampora, A., Agodi, A., Brunelli, L., Chironna, M., Cocchio, S., Cofini, V., D'Errico, M. M., Marzuillo, C., Pasquarella, C., Pavia, M., Restivo, V., Gualano, M. R., Leombruni, P., Siliquini, R., Group, C., Bert F., Lo Moro G., Corradi A., Acampora A., Agodi A., Brunelli L., Chironna M., Cocchio S., Cofini V., D'Errico M.M., Marzuillo C., Pasquarella C., Pavia M., Restivo V., Gualano M.R., Leombruni P., Siliquini R., and Group C.

Subjects
Male, European People, Students, Medical, 020205 medical informatics, Economics, physicians, Cross-sectional study, Social Sciences, Sex Factor, 02 engineering and technology, Logistic regression, medical, Severity of Illness Index, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economic Status, Ethnicities, Surveys and Questionnaire, Medicine, Age Factor, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Schools, Medical, Depression (differential diagnoses), education.field_of_study, Schools, Multidisciplinary, Careers, students, Depression, Age Factors, Economic Statu, Sports Science, Italian People, Europe, Italy, Female, physician burnout, Research Article, Human, Employment, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic Model, Sexual Behavior, Science, Population, education, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Self Report, Sex Factors, Young Adult, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, Mental Health and Psychiatry, Severity of illness, European Union, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Socioeconomic status, Adult, Age Factors, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Economic Status, Female, Humans, Italy, Logistic Models, Male, Risk Factors, Schools, Medical, Self Report, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Sexual Behavior, Students, Medical, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studie, Mood Disorders, business.industry, Risk Factor, Public health, Biology and Life Sciences, Medical Education, Labor Economics, Family medicine, Population Groupings, People and places, business, Medical Humanities
Abstract

Background Four percent of the world’s population suffers from depression, which is a major public health issue. Medical students are at risk, as their depressive symptoms (DS) prevalence is reported to be approximately 27% worldwide. Since few data on Italian medical students exist, this study aimed to estimate their DS prevalence and assess risk and protective factors. Methods The PRIMES was a multicentre cross-sectional study performed in 12 Italian medical schools. Questionnaires were self-reported and included 30 sociodemographic items and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The primary outcome was the presence of DS (BDI-II score≥14). The main analyses were chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions with a p-value

Published
2020

48. Health communication in covid-19 era: Experiences from the italian vaccinarsì network websites

Author

Sandro Cinquetti, Andrea Poscia, Antonio Ferro, Giovanna Deiana, Caterina Bertoni, Andrea Siddu, Paolo Castiglia, Fabrizio Chiesi, Francesca Russo, Maria Triassi, Sara Boccalini, Angela Bechini, Antonietta Spadea, Claudio Costantino, Claudio Angelini, Antonella Arghittu, Emma Dempsey, Maria Chironna, Daniel Fiacchini, Francesco Vitale, Marco Dettori, Laura Sticchi, Paolo Bonanni, Giancarlo Icardi, Arghittu A., Dettori M., Dempsey E., Deiana G., Angelini C., Bechini A., Bertoni C., Boccalini S., Bonanni P., Cinquetti S., Chiesi F., Chironna M., Costantino C., Ferro A., Fiacchini D., Icardi G., Poscia A., Russo F., Siddu A., Spadea A., Sticchi L., Triassi M., Vitale F., and Castiglia P.

Subjects
020205 medical informatics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Internet privacy, 02 engineering and technology, Organic search, Article, Session (web analytics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Health communication, Vaccine hesitancy, Vaccines, E-health, business.industry, VaccinarSì network, SARS-CoV-2, Communication, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Bounce rate, Page view, Italy, Health Communication, Information and Communications Technology, Analytics, Medicine, website, business, Psychology, Human
Abstract

In 2013, in a bid to combat Vaccine Hesitancy (VH) and provide information on vaccines by communicating with the general public and the health community (e.g., healthcare workers and public health operators), the Italian Society of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (S.It.I.) published the national website “VaccinarSì”. The project was subsequently extended to ten Italian Regions. This led to the creation of the VaccinarSì Network, whose websites are publicly owned. The aim of this work was to present the framework of the websites of the VaccinarSì Network and to analyse user behaviour in the pre-COVID-19-era (dating from each website’s publication until 31 January 2020) and in the COVID-19-era (from 1 February 2020 to 31 January 2021). Some metrics such as the number of visits to the site (sessions, number of users and average session duration), user behaviour (pages viewed, bounce rate and organic search) and the session acquisition path (direct traffic, referrals and social traffic) were searched, extrapolated and processed with Google Analytics. Qualitative and normally distributed quantitative variables were summarised with their absolute (relative) frequencies and means. Statistical differences between the means of the two periods were evaluated through paired t-test. A two-tailed p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. When the total values recorded over the period were compared, an overall increase in metrics was observed—the number of individual users, visits and individual pageviews rose in a statistically significant way. Our study aimed to highlight how combining disciplines such as health education and digital communication via Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) represents the best strategy to support citizens. This approach gives them the tools to become independent and responsible players that are capable of voluntarily and consciously choosing to adhere to vaccination programs. The VaccinarSì Network’s goal for the future is to reach an even wider audience. By building each user’s critical knowledge, this network enables users to be active components of a wider, more empowered community.

Published
2021

50. Norovirus GII.17 as Major Epidemic Strain in Italy, Winter 2015–16

Author

Krisztián Bányai, P. Dones, Anna Morea, Maria Cristina Medici, Daniela Loconsole, Adriana Calderaro, Valentina Terio, Floriana Bonura, Vincenzo Cappa, Fabio Tummolo, Sara Li Muli, Giovanni M. Giammanco, Simona De Grazia, Maria Chironna, Vito Martella, A. Pepe, Cristiana Catella, Francesca Di Bernardo, Giammanco, G., De Grazia, S., Bonura, F., Cappa, V., Li Muli, S., Pepe, A., Medici, M., Tummolo, F., Calderaro, A., Di Bernardo, F., Dones, P., Morea, A., Loconsole, D., Catella, C., Terio, V., Bã nyai, K., Chironna, M., and Martella, V.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia E Microbiologia Clinica, Epidemiology, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, fluids and secretions, Child, Epidemic strain, Caliciviridae Infections, Norovirus GII, virus diseases, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Seasons, gastroenteriti, gastroenteritis, Norovirus GII.17 as Major Epidemic Strain in Italy, Winter 2015–16, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, 030106 microbiology, enteric infection, History, 21st Century, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Open Reading Frames, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient age, Research Letter, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Noroviru, viruse, business.industry, enteric infections, Norovirus, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Infant, GII.17 Kawasaki 2014, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, business
Abstract

In winter 2015-16, norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 emerged as a cause of sporadic gastroenteritis in children in Italy. Median patient age was higher for those with GII.17 than GII.4 infection (55 vs. 24 months), suggesting limited cross-protection for older children.

Published
2017

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