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6. Antimicrobial Carvacrol in Solution Blow-Spun Fish-Skin Gelatin Nanofibers

Author

Liu F., Saricaoglu F.T., Avena-Bustillos R.J., Bridges D.F., Takeoka G.R., Wu V.C.H., Chiou B.-S., Wood D.F., McHugh T.H., Zhong F., and Bayburt University

Subjects
Fish Proteins, carvacrol, Nanofibers, chemistry, essential oil, gelatin, food control, Foodborne Diseases, Origanum, Escherichia coli, Oils, Volatile, Animals, Humans, animal, human, procedures, nanofiber, terpene, Skin, fish, antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Plant Extracts, food preservation, Viscosity, microbiology, drug effect, Fishes, Food Packaging, Salmonella enterica, fish protein, bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, solution and solubility, Anti-Bacterial Agents, antiinfective agent, Solutions, solution blow-spinning, Food Microbiology, Monoterpenes, plant extract, food poisoning, fish-skin gelatin
Abstract

Carvacrol is a volatile monoterpenic phenol and main component of oregano essential oil that shows nonspecific antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Fish-skin gelatin (FSG) nanofibers encapsulating carvacrol (15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, w/w FSG) were successfully prepared via solution blow-spinning (SBS) technique using lecithin (2.475% wb) as the surfactant. FSG emulsions with lower carvacrol ratios (5% and 10%) showed higher values in particle size and surface tension as well as lower values in viscosity and modulus, which led to failure of maintaining nanofibers shape. The formed carvacrol-FSG nanofibers showed round and smooth morphologies with average fiber diameters ranging from 103.2 to 138.1 nm as the carvacrol ratio increased from 15% to 30%. Carvacrol was evenly dispersed within the interior of nanofiber matrix. All carvacrol-FSG nanofibers showed inhibitive effects against the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, nanofibers with lower carvacrol ratios showed bigger inhibition zones for E. coli and L. monocytogenes (20 mm compared with 12.5 mm for lowest to highest carvacrol ratios, respectively). Nanofibers stored at 20 °C (51% RH) showed better retention (40% to 60%) for carvacrol during the first 4 weeks of storage, while nanofibers stored at 2 °C (70% RH) showed better retention (10% to 30%) at the end of storage. Practical Application: Results obtained in the study may help with antimicrobial carvacrol addition levels for gelatin fiber preparation using solution blow spinning (SBS) method. SBS gelatin fibers with added antimicrobials have potential applications for food packaging and medical wound dressing. © 2018 Institute of Food Technologists®

Published
2018

11. BIODIESEL FROM WASTE SALMON OIL.

Author

Chiou, B.-S., El-Mashad, H. M., Avena-Bustillos, R. J., Dunn, R. O., Bechtel, P. J., McHugh, T. H., Imam, S. H., Glenn, G. M., Orts, W. J., and Zhang, R.

Subjects
*FISH oils, *SALMON, *ESTERS, *EICOSAPENTAENOIC acid, *DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid, *BIODIESEL fuels
Abstract

Salmon oils separated from salmon processing waste and hydrolysate and their derived methyl esters were analyzed and compared with corn oil and its methyl ester. These materials were characterized for their fatty acid profiles, viscosity, volatility, thermal properties, low temperature properties, oxidative stability, and heating value. The salmon oil methyl esters contained 26.64% saturated fatty acid methyl esters compared to 13.68% for corn oil methyl ester. Salmon oil methyl esters also contained relatively high concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acid methyl esters. Despite these differences in fatty acid composition, salmon and corn oil methyl esters had comparable physical properties. In addition, the methyl esters produced from salmon oils extracted from fish processing by-products and hydrolysate showed little difference in their physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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12. Crystallinity and electrical properties of (Pb,Sr)TiO3 films enhanced by laser-assisted low-thermal-budget annealing.

Author

Wang, J.-L., Lai, Y.-S., Chiou, B.-S., Chou, C.-C., Tsai, C.-C., Lee, T. G.-Y., and Cheng, H.-C.

Subjects
THIN films, THERMAL properties, FERROELECTRICITY, RECRYSTALLIZATION (Metallurgy), ANNEALING of metals, PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
Abstract

The physical and electrical properties of (Pb,Sr)TiO3 (PSrT) films annealed by various techniques are systematically investigated in this study. The crystallinity and ferroelectricity of PSrT films can be enhanced by excimer laser annealing (ELA), but the effect only works on the upper region of films. On the other hand, PSrT films treated by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) can also improve crystallinity and ferroelectricity. However, the leakage current of films is seriously increased due to defects and interfacial diffusion induced by post-RTA at high temperature. As a result, the laser-assisted two-step annealing (post-ELA+RTA) is proposed in this work. It is found that PSrT films treated by post-ELA+RTA show improved crystallinity, better ferroelectric properties, higher dielectric constant, and lower leakage currents, which bring out the longer lifetime and higher breakdown field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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