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Computer-aid molecular docking is a simulative process that receptors and ligands recognize each other through energy matching and geometric matching. It is widely used in bioactive compounds simulative screening and preliminary exploring the bioactivity and toxicity of molecular, which plays important guiding role in toxicity and bioactivity study of molecular entities. In our study, we used the computer-aid molecular docking software-discovery studio 3.1 client to test the mechanism of aflatoxins such as aflatoxin B1, B2, M1, M2, G1, G2 and the results of our experiment help to illustrate the pathway of aflatoxin’s toxication. We also used this technology to test the preliminary toxicity of zearalenone (ZEN) and its two degradation products: a- zearalenol (a-ZOL) and ß-zearalenol (ß-ZOL), which indicates that these three products possessed significant estrogenic activity. The order of the estrogenic activity is: a-zearalenol > zearalenone >ß-zearalenol.

为了探究我国3个储粮生态区的大豆存储质量变化周期，指导不同储粮生态区大豆保质技术措施，收集了相关储存库点2014—2016年大豆品质数据，考察了大豆储存过程中粗脂肪酸值、蛋白质溶解比率的变化，分析了大豆品质指标与粗脂肪酸值、蛋白质溶解比率的相关性。结果发现：区域储存温度对大豆粗脂肪酸值影响较为明显，对蛋白质溶解比率影响较弱；在第五区中温高湿区储存大豆，其粗脂肪酸值增长与损伤粒、热损伤粒的增加及储存时间的延长有一定关系，蛋白质溶解比率与热损伤粒有一定的关系。综上，合理控制大豆的损伤粒、热损伤粒比例，对于控制其粗脂肪酸值和蛋白质溶解比率有较明显作用。 In order to explore the changing cycle of soybean storage quality in three grain storage ecological regions in China and guide the technical measures of soybean quality preservation in different grain storage ecological regions. Soybean quality data from relevant storage points during 2014-2016 were collected, the changes in crude fat acid value and protein solubility ratio during storage of soybeans were examined, and the correlations between soybean quality indexes and crude fat acid value, protein solubility ratio were analyzed. The results showed that regional storage temperature had obvious effect on crude fat acid value of soybean, but had little effect on protein solubility ratio. Storing soybeans in the fifth areas with moderate temperature and high humidity had a certain relationship with the increase of crude fat acid value and the increase of damaged grains, heat damaged grains, and storage time. There was a certain relationship between protein solubility ratio and heat damaged grains. In conclusion, reasonable control of damaged grain ratio and heat damaged grain ratio of soybean has obvious effect on controlling crude fat acid value and protein solubility ratio.

This study aimed to identify markers of early cognitive impairment after acute mild ischemic cerebrovascular disease. To further explore the relationship between neuroimaging markers of vascular and neurodegenerative injuries and post-stroke cognitive impairment, 86 patients with transient ischemic attack/acute mild ischemic stroke were recruited. Demographic information, clinical data, stroke scale scores (Modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), and neuroimaging parameters (medial temporal lobe atrophy, global cortical atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, location and number of acute infarcts) were collected. All participants underwent neuropsychological evaluation at the time of discharge. The neurocognitive assessment was conducted using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic and Trail-Making Test A. It was found that low Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic scores were associated with global cortical atrophy and lower education levels. The completion time on the Trail-Making Test A was significantly correlated with medial temporal lobe atrophy and less education. It is concluded that global cortical atrophy and lower education levels can be used as rapid indicators of early cognitive impairment in patients after a transient ischemic attack and acute mild ischemic stroke. Medial temporal lobe atrophy also appears to be associated with mental processing speed in patients after a transient ischemic attack and acute mild ischemic stroke.

Duck Tembusu Virus (DTMUV) is a pathogen of the Flaviviridae family that causes infections in poultry, leading to significant economic losses in the duck farming industry in recent years. Ducks infected with this virus exhibit clinical symptoms such as decreased egg production and neurological disorders, along with serious consequences such as ovarian hemorrhage, organ enlargement, and necrosis. Variations in morbidity and mortality rates exist across different age groups of ducks. It is worth noting that DTMUV is not limited to ducks alone; it can also spread to other poultry such as chickens and geese, and antibodies related to DTMUV have even been found in duck farm workers, suggesting a potential risk of zoonotic transmission. This article provides a detailed overview of DTMUV research, delving into its genomic characteristics, vaccines, and the interplay with host immune responses. These in-depth research findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the virus's transmission mechanism and pathogenic process, offering crucial scientific support for epidemic prevention and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias are progressive neurological disorders with stage-specific clinical features and challenges. An important knowledge gap is the "window of time" within which patients transition from mild cognitive impairment or mild AD to moderate or severe AD. Better characterization/establishment of transition times would help clinicians initiating treatments, including anti-amyloid therapy. Objective: To describe cognitive test score-based AD stage transitions in Veterans with AD in the US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VAHS). Methods: This retrospective analysis (2010–2019) identified Veterans with AD from the VAHS Electronic Health Record (EHR) notes. AD stage was based on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), or Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination scores in the EHR. Results: We identified 296,519 Veterans with cognitive test-based AD staging. Over the 10-year study, the proportion of veterans with MMSE scores declined from 24.9% to 9.5% while those with SLUMS rose from 9.0% to 17.8%; and MoCA rose from 5.0% to 25.4%. The average forward transition times between each stage were approximately 2–4 years, whether assessed by MMSE, MoCA, or SLUMS. Conclusion: The average transition time for cognitive test-based assessments of initial cognitive decline, early-stage AD, and moderate/severe AD in the VAHS is 2–4 years. In view of the short window for introducing disease-modifying therapy and the significant benefits of early treatment of AD, our data suggest a critical need for treatment guidelines in the management of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seleniferous red soils cover a large area in the southern part of China. These agricultural soils are enriched in selenium (Se), heavy metals, and rare earth elements and have been cultivated for more than 1000 years for rice production without any consideration of the effects of selenium, heavy metals, and rare earth element bioaccumulation in the food plants produced. To address this knowledge gap, this study focuses on the investigation of Se, heavy metals, and rare earth elements within soils and plants in the region. The rice (Oryza spp.) plants studied were grown in the Gutian (GT), Gechuan (GC), and Pengkou (PK) villages in Lianchen (LC) County, Fujian Province. The surface soils and harvested rice tissues were collected to determine the Se, Cd, Zn, Pb, La, Ce, and Nd concentrations in the soils and plant tissues. Different rice cultivars possessed various potentials for elemental accumulation. Generally, rice plant tissues accumulated certain amounts of these elements; however, the elemental concentrations found in rice grain were within the acceptable ranges stipulated by the National Security Standard of Food. The Hongbaoshi (HBS) Indica red rice produced in the PK village accumulated more selenium, heavy metals, and rare earth elements than those in the plant tissues of the Xinyinzhan (XYZ) and Wushansimiao (WSSM) rice cultivars because HBS had more root hairs and finer root distribution. Thus, in the interest of food safety, increased attention needs to be given to the careful selection of the optimum crop species planted in these types of seleniferous red soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are usually produced in rice under aerobic environmental conditions, resulting in peroxidative changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and affecting the deterioration of rice during storage. In addition, as an important enzyme that participates in removing ROS, peroxidase is also present in rice, and takes part in protecting rice from attack by ROS. Moreover, loss of peroxidase activity may give rise to rice deterioration during storage. Therefore, measuring peroxidase activity makes it possible to ascertain the freshness of rice. In addition, peroxidase can also catalyze the luminol–hydrogen peroxide system. Based on this, in this work we established a new chemiluminescence (CL) method that was used to detect the freshness of stored rice. Under optimal experimental conditions, we showed that the freshness of rice can be measured using this CL method. This study is the first to detect the freshness of rice using a CL method, opening up a novel direction for the application of CL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The present study firstly characterized the plasma exLRs profiles in SCLC patients and verified the feasibility and value of identifying biomarkers based on exLRs profiles in SCLC diagnosis and treatment prediction. We established a t-signature with good potency that can distinguish chemo-sensitive from chemo-refractory patients, which is conducive to precise individualized treatment. This signature also has potential clinical value for SCLC diagnosis, so that more patients can benefit from early diagnosis and optimal therapy. (1) Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-specific transcriptional profile in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to explore the application value of plasma EV long RNA (exLR) in SCLC treatment prediction and diagnosis. (2) Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 57 SCLC treatment-naive patients, 104 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 59 healthy participants. The SCLC patients were divided into chemo-sensitive and chemo-refractory groups based on the therapeutic effects. The exLR profiles of the plasma samples were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics approaches were used to investigate the differentially expressed exLRs and their biofunctions. Finally, a t-signature was constructed using logistic regression for SCLC treatment prediction and diagnosis. (3) Results: We obtained 220 plasma exLRs profiles in all the participants. Totals of 5787 and 1207 differentially expressed exLRs were identified between SCLC/healthy controls, between the chemo-sensitive/chemo-refractory groups, respectively. Furthermore, we constructed a t-signature that comprised ten exLRs, including EPCAM, CCNE2, CDC6, KRT8, LAMB1, CALB2, STMN1, UCHL1, HOXB7 and CDCA7, for SCLC treatment prediction and diagnosis. The exLR t-score effectively distinguished the chemo-sensitive from the chemo-refractory group (p = 9.268 × 10−9) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.9091 (95% CI: 0.837 to 0.9811) and distinguished SCLC from healthy controls (AUC: 0.9643; 95% CI: 0.9256–1) and NSCLC (AUC: 0.721; 95% CI: 0.6384–0.8036). (4) Conclusions: This study firstly characterized the plasma exLR profiles of SCLC patients and verified the feasibility and value of identifying biomarkers based on exLR profiles in SCLC diagnosis and treatment prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing numbers of researchers discovered the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 in human cancers, while its function in human prostate cancer is still unclear. Our present study focused on CHRM1 to clarify its role in mediating autophagy in prostate cancer. We used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence experiments to observe the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 both in nude mice with subcutaneous tumors and in prostate cancer cells. The autophagy was observed through transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunofluorescence. After that, we used lentivirus to establish CHRM1 and Atg5 knockdown models. Then, the migration and invasion abilities after knocking down muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 and Atg5 were detected by transwell assays. In addition, the AMPK/mTOR pathway-related targets were detected by western blotting. We found that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 was abundantly expressed both in vitro and in vivo in prostate cancer. The overexpression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 positively regulated migration and invasion in tumor cells as well as the activation of autophagy. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 was highly correlated with Atg5 and activated the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Downregulation of Atg5 inhibited cell autophagy in prostate cancer cells and the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells. Meanwhile, abnormal expressions of AMPK/mTOR pathway-related proteins were found. In conclusion, the present findings indicated that muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells and promotes cell invasion and migration of prostate cancer. Autophagy is activated in prostate cancer cells and the activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 positively regulates autophagy in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1 induces autophagy-mediated cell migration and invasion by targeting Atg5 in prostate cancer cells via AMPK/mTOR pathway, which uncovered that regulating muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 1, identified in this study, can be a promising solution for treating prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper measures the twenty one geometric errors of numerical control machining center with parameter identification through laser interferometer, the main contents illustrate the measurement system, measurement model and some testing results combined with specific experimental conditions, at the same time provide particular reference value on numerical control machine tool(NC machine tool) geometric precision detection.

Objective: Based on cybernetics, a large system can be divided into subsystems, and the stability of each can determine the overall properties of the system. However, this stability analysis perspective has not yet been employed in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. This is the first study to attempt to evaluate whether the stability of decomposed ECG subsystems can be analyzed in order to effectively investigate the overall performance of ECG signals, and aid in disease diagnosis. Methods: We used seven different cardiac pathologies (myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, bundle branch block, dysrhythmia, hypertrophy, myocarditis, and valvular heart disease) to illustrate our method. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) was first used to decompose ECG signals into dynamic modes (DMs) which can be regarded as ECG subsystems. Then, the features related to the DMs stabilities were extracted, and nine common classifiers were implemented for classification of these pathologies. Results: Most features were significant for differentiating the above-mentioned groups (p value<0.05 after Bonferroni correction). In addition, our method outperformed all existing methods for cardiac pathology classification. Conclusion: We have provided a new spatial and temporal decomposition method, namely DMD, to study ECG signals. Significance: Our method can reveal new cardiac mechanisms, which can contribute to the comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms and disease diagnosis, and thus, can be widely used for ECG signal analysis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]