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3. Microplastics in the Langat River Basin, Malaysia : sources, loads and fate

Author

Chen, Hui Ling

Subjects
GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Microplastics (commonly defined as plastic particles smaller than 5mm in size) are widely recognised as a global concern. However, studies of the occurrence of microplastics in freshwater systems, particularly in Malaysia, are limited. This study aims to assess the sources and levels of microplastic contamination within the Langat River Basin, Malaysia. This study presents the first comprehensive empirical assessment of the contribution of different sources of microplastic as well as the first systemic data on spatio-temporal variability in microplastic concentrations in a Malaysian river. Such data is crucial for the identification of contamination hotspots and, in turn, the development of management strategies. This study is also the first to evaluate the degree of correspondence between microplastics in river water and bed sediments, which is critical for monitoring and assessment of potential risks posed by microplastics to acquatic organisms and human health. A total of 656 water and sediment samples were collected from 33 sites spread across the Langat River Basin. The samples were treated with Fenton reagent to remove organic material and filtered onto glass microfiber filter papers before enumeration under a stereoscopic microscope. Road runoff, residential and industrial areas, atmospheric deposition and wastewater treatment plants were significant sources of microplastics in the Langat River, with road runoff being the main contributor. The Langat River had a mean concentration of 4.39±5.11 particles/L, which varied spatially (associated with differences in land-use) and temporally (associated with flow changes). Microplastic was deposited on the bed of the Langat with a mean of 6027.39±16585.87 particles/m2, which did not correspond to the concentrations in the water either at site-scale or patch-scale, suggesting that sampling designed to assess risks posed by microplastic should assess both concentrations in the water and on the bed. Efforts to reduce microplastic contamination should be focused on upstream intervention, including law enforcement, endorsing proper management systems and creating public awareness. Such efforts are sorely needed in Malaysia, due to the rapid pace of development set against limited awareness and poor waste management.

Published
2023

4. Safety and immunogenicity of mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines formulated to include multiple A/H3N2 strains with or without the B/Yamagata strain in US adults aged 50–75 years: a phase 1/2, open-label, randomised trial

Author

Hsu, Denise, Jayaraman, Akila, Pucci, Alicia, Joshi, Riya, Mancini, Kevin, Chen, Hui Ling, Koslovsky, Kindra, Mao, Xuezhou, Choi, Angela, Henry, Carole, Vakil, Jignesh, Stadlbauer, Daniel, Jorquera, Patricia, Arunkumar, Guha Asthagiri, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia E, Wadsworth, L Tyler, Bhupathy, Vellore, Du, Evelyn, Avanesov, Andrei, Ananworanich, Jintanat, and Nachbagauer, Raffael

Published
2025
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11. Improving older adult learners' motivation : developing a model of teaching and learning through art activities in the UK

Author

Chen, Hui-ling

Subjects
707.1
Abstract

There is a limited amount of literature that has discussed ways in which older adult learners could be motivated to engage in lifelong learning activities, particularly those in the age groups identified by the National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE) as Stage 3, 50-74 and Stage 4, 75+ (Schuller and Watson, 2010). Currently learners in the UK may face an issue when seeking to join an activity as there is a lack of any collaborative or coherent model of delivery in this sector. This is caused by the fact that providers, such as further and higher education institutions, as well as community and care home providers all operate within separate systems and there is little or no joint provision. Moreover, the rationale of this study argues that, within the context of an ageing society, engaging in learning activities at Stages 3 and 4 can provide older adults with a stimulating experience, which enables them not only to meet their personal growth needs through a positive and meaningful experience of ageing, but also increase their sense of well-being. This study develops a collaborative model of teaching and learning for this age group, based on detailed feedback from learners and educational professionals, which will enable teachers, facilitators and providers to work in a novel collaborative way to improve their learners’ motivation. The study seeks to obtain a fuller understanding of older adults’ learning motivation in the context of Art activities through inductive and evaluative methods. The initial findings revealed that these learners were willing to engage in Art activities with the learning and teaching Model. The benefits from socialising are significant for society, as it enables learners both at Stages 3 and 4 to relax physically and also improve their mental health, for instance by preventing loneliness.

Published
2020

26. Micro‐ and nano‐plastic loads in fish and macroinvertebrates in a tropical river.

Author

Ng, Yong Sin, Selvam, Sivathass Bannir, Ting, Kang Nee, Chen, Hui Ling, Muthoosamy, Kasturi, and Gibbins, Christopher

Subjects
RIVER channels, MICROPLASTICS, INSPECTION & review, SAMPLING (Process), BODY size, PLASTIC marine debris
Abstract

This study examines microplastic contamination in river macroinvertebrates and fish within a rapidly urbanising tropical catchment, and provides data on the quantity of microplastics ingested by various taxonomic and functional feeding groups.We employed both a widely used low‐resolution visual inspection method, capable of identifying microplastics ranging from 0.1 to 5 mm, and a novel automated method specifically designed to identify smaller plastics in the nano size range, from 0.004 to 0.1 mm.Analysis using the low‐resolution method indicated that a significant portion of fish (95%) and macroinvertebrates (44%) contained larger microplastics. The composition of microplastic within the animals differed from that in river water and on the river bed: microplastics in the water and on the bed were predominantly fibres (98% and 92% respectively), whereas the animals exhibited a more even mix of fibres (c. 35%), fragments (c. 43%), and film (c. 22%).Microplastic loads in aquatic organisms correlated with feeding group and body size, although patterns were not always consistent. Larger individuals generally contained more microplastic, especially among macroinvertebrates, but this trend was not observed uniformly among fish species. Additionally, differences in body loads among macroinvertebrate taxa and feeding groups varied depending on whether loads were expressed per individual or per unit weight.Use of the high‐resolution enumeration method revealed a substantially higher microplastic count compared to the low‐resolution method, highlighting the potential underestimation of contamination levels by the latter. The study underscores the non‐random uptake of microplastics by aquatic biota, influenced by feeding mode, and stresses the necessity of high‐resolution sample processing for accurate quantification of contamination levels and risk assessment for smaller organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Tuberculosis infection and lung adenocarcinoma: Mendelian randomization and pathway analysis of genome-wide association study data from never-smoking Asian women

Author

Wong, Jason Y.Y., Zhang, Han, Hsiung, Chao A., Shiraishi, Kouya, Yu, Kai, Matsuo, Keitaro, Wong, Maria Pik, Hong, Yun-Chul, Wang, Jiucun, Seow, Wei Jie, Wang, Zhaoming, Song, Minsun, Kim, Hee Nam, Chang, I-Shou, Chatterjee, Nilanjan, Hu, Wei, Wu, Chen, Mitsudomi, Tetsuya, Zheng, Wei, Kim, Jin Hee, Seow, Adeline, Caporaso, Neil E., Shin, Min-Ho, Chung, Lap Ping, An, She-Juan, Wang, Ping, Yang, Yang, Zheng, Hong, Yatabe, Yasushi, Zhang, Xu-Chao, Kim, Young Tae, Cai, Qiuyin, Yin, Zhihua, Kim, Young-Chul, Bassig, Bryan A., Chang, Jiang, Ho, James Chung Man, Ji, Bu-Tian, Daigo, Yataro, Ito, Hidemi, Momozawa, Yukihide, Ashikawa, Kyota, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Honda, Takayuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Sakamoto, Hiromi, Kunitoh, Hideo, Tsuta, Koji, Watanabe, Shun-ichi, Kubo, Michiaki, Miyagi, Yohei, Nakayama, Haruhiko, Matsumoto, Shingo, Tsuboi, Masahiro, Goto, Koichi, Shi, Jianxin, Song, Lei, Hua, Xing, Takahashi, Atsushi, Goto, Akiteru, Minamiya, Yoshihiro, Shimizu, Kimihiro, Tanaka, Kazumi, Wei, Fusheng, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Su, Jian, Kim, Yeul Hong, Oh, In-Jae, Song, Fengju, Su, Wu-Chou, Chen, Yu-Min, Chang, Gee-Chen, Chen, Kuan-Yu, Huang, Ming-Shyan, Chien, Li-Hsin, Xiang, Yong-Bing, Park, Jae Yong, Kweon, Sun-Seog, Chen, Chien-Jen, Lee, Kyoung-Mu, Blechter, Batel, Li, Haixin, Gao, Yu-Tang, Qian, Biyun, Lu, Daru, Liu, Jianjun, Jeon, Hyo-Sung, Hsiao, Chin-Fu, Sung, Jae Sook, Tsai, Ying-Huang, Jung, Yoo Jin, Guo, Huan, Hu, Zhibin, Wang, Wen-Chang, Chung, Charles C., Burdett, Laurie, Yeager, Meredith, Hutchinson, Amy, Berndt, Sonja I., Wu, Wei, Pang, Herbert, Li, Yuqing, Choi, Jin Eun, Park, Kyong Hwa, Sung, Sook Whan, Liu, Li, Kang, C.H., Zhu, Meng, Chen, Chung-Hsing, Yang, Tsung-Ying, Xu, Jun, Guan, Peng, Tan, Wen, Wang, Chih-Liang, Hsin, Michael, Sit, Ko-Yung, Ho, James, Chen, Ying, Choi, Yi Young, Hung, Jen-Yu, Kim, Jun Suk, Yoon, Ho Il, Lin, Chien-Chung, Park, In Kyu, Xu, Ping, Wang, Yuzhuo, He, Qincheng, Perng, Reury-Perng, Chen, Chih-Yi, Vermeulen, Roel, Wu, Junjie, Lim, Wei-Yen, Chen, Kun-Chieh, Li, Yao-Jen, Li, Jihua, Chen, Hongyan, Yu, Chong-Jen, Jin, Li, Chen, Tzu-Yu, Jiang, Shih-Sheng, Liu, Jie, Yamaji, Taiki, Hicks, Belynda, Wyatt, Kathleen, Li, Shengchao A., Dai, Juncheng, Ma, Hongxia, Jin, Guangfu, Song, Bao, Wang, Zhehai, Cheng, Sensen, Li, Xuelian, Ren, Yangwu, Cui, Ping, Iwasaki, Motoki, Shimazu, Taichi, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Zhu, Junjie, Yang, Kaiyun, Jiang, Gening, Fei, Ke, Wu, Guoping, Lin, Hsien-Chin, Chen, Hui-Ling, Fang, Yao-Huei, Tsai, Fang-Yu, Hsieh, Wan-Shan, Yu, Jinming, Stevens, Victoria L., Laird-Offringa, Ite A., Marconett, Crystal N., Rieswijk, Linda, Chao, Ann, Yang, Pan-Chyr, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Wu, Tangchun, Wu, Y.L., Lin, Dongxin, Chen, Kexin, Zhou, Baosen, Huang, Yun-Chao, Kohno, Takashi, Shen, Hongbing, Chanock, Stephen J., Rothman, Nathaniel, and Lan, Qing

Published
2020
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41. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthodontic Adult Patients' Characteristics and Decision on Orthodontic Appliance.

Author

Kuo, Yun-Yu, Fang, Jason Chen-Chieh, Wang, I-Kuan, Huang, Chiung-Shing, Chen, Hui-Ling, and Yen, Tzung-Hai

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, ORTHODONTIC appliances, COVID-19, CORRECTIVE orthodontics, ADULTS, DENTAL ceramic metals, MAXILLARY expansion
Abstract

Purpose: There is an overall paucity of data examining the specific details of orthodontic patients' patterns or orthodontic service disruptions possibly influenced by COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic clinic disruption regarding the change in adult patients' characteristics and decisions of orthodontic treatment devices. Patients and Methods: A retrospective sample of 311 patients receiving orthodontic treatment from 2018 to 2022 were collected and divided into two groups: before (n = 167) and during (n = 144) the COVID-19 pandemic. Demographics, dental indices, the index of complexity outcome and need (ICON), and the degree of treatment difficulty were analyzed. Results: There were fewer students among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic than before (24.5% versus 35.9%, P = 0.036). Compared with patients before the pandemic, more patients selected ceramic brackets or Invisalign during the pandemic (P = 0.022). There were higher percentage of class I dental malocclusions among patients during than before the COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.044). Moreover, the ICON score and the score of the degree of treatment difficulty were both significantly lower for patients during than before the COVID-19 pandemic (63.9± 14.0 versus 58.3± 15.3, P=0.001 and 7.4± 2.6 versus 6.8± 2.6, P=0.049, respectively). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the characteristics and decisions of orthodontic patients. Those who still came to the orthodontic clinic despite the COVID-19 outbreak may have been those with less malocclusion severity and treatment difficulty. Besides, during the time of covid-19 pandemic, more patients chose ceramic bracket and Invisalign as their orthodontic treatment device rather than conventional or self-ligating metal brackets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. In-depth analysis of music structure as a self-organized network

Author

Tsai, Ping-Rui, Chou, Yen-Ting, Wang, Nathan-Christopher, Chen, Hui-Ling, Huang, Hong-Yue, Luo, Zih-Jia, and Hong, Tzay-Ming

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Computer Science - Computation and Language, Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computation and Language (cs.CL), Computer Science - Sound, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract

Words in a natural language not only transmit information but also evolve with the development of civilization and human migration. The same is true for music. To understand the complex structure behind the music, we introduced an algorithm called the Essential Element Network (EEN) to encode the audio into text. The network is obtained by calculating the correlations between scales, time, and volume. Optimizing EEN to generate Zipfs law for the frequency and rank of the clustering coefficient enables us to generate and regard the semantic relationships as words. We map these encoded words into the scale-temporal space, which helps us organize systematically the syntax in the deep structure of music. Our algorithm provides precise descriptions of the complex network behind the music, as opposed to the black-box nature of other deep learning approaches. As a result, the experience and properties accumulated through these processes can offer not only a new approach to the applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) but also an easier and more objective way to analyze the evolution and development of music., 5 pages

Published
2023

47. Osthole improves an accelerated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis model in the early stage by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and subsequently inhibiting NF-κB-mediated COX-2 expression and apoptosis

Author

Yang, Shun-Min, Chan, Yi-Lin, Hua, Kuo-Feng, Chang, Jia-Ming, Chen, Hui-Ling, Tsai, Yung-Jen, Hsu, Yu-Juei, Chao, Louis Kuoping, Feng-Ling, Yang, Tsai, Yu-Ling, Wu, Shih-Hsiung, Wang, Yih-Fuh, Tsai, Change-Ling, Chen, Ann, and Ka, Shuk-Man

Published
2014
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