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Groundwater salinization, exacerbated by natural and anthropogenic factors, poses a significant threat to agricultural production and ecosystems, particularly in coastal areas in China. The accumulation of trace contaminants in saline-alkaline water, such as antibiotics and heavy metals, further compounds the issue, impacting human health and the environment. The article highlights Electrodialysis (ED) technology and nano-activated carbon (NAC) as promising solutions for desalinating saline-alkaline water and removing trace pollutants, offering a sustainable and efficient approach to water treatment. The ED-NAC coupling process shows potential in addressing the challenges of saline-alkaline water treatment, enhancing efficiency, and reducing environmental impacts, with a focus on sustainable resource utilization and technological innovation. [Extracted from the article]

Atherosclerosis, a major global health concern with high morbidity and mortality rates, involves complex interactions of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and proteolytic enzymes. Conventional imaging methods struggle to capture the dynamic biochemical processes in atherosclerotic plaques. Here, we introduce a novel unimolecular photoacoustic probe (UMAPP) designed with specific binding sites for neutrophil elastase (NE) and the redox pair O2⋅−/GSH, enabling real‐time monitoring of oxidative stress and activated neutrophils in plaques. UMAPP, comprising a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core linked to a hydrophilic NE‐cleavable tetrapeptide and dual oxidative stress‐responsive catechol moieties, facilitates NE‐mediated modulation of photoinduced electron transfer impacting photoacoustic intensity at 685 nm (PA685). Furthermore, oxidation and reduction of catechol groups by O2⋅− and GSH induce reversible, ratiometric changes in the photoacoustic spectrum (PA745/PA685 ratio). Initial UMAPP applications successfully distinguished atherosclerotic and healthy mice, evaluated pneumonia's effect on plaque composition and verified the probe's effectiveness in drug‐treatment studies by detecting molecular alterations before visible histopathological changes. The integrated molecular imaging capabilities of UMAPP offer promising advancements in atherosclerosis diagnosis and management, enabling early and accurate identification of vulnerable plaques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution has been a major environmental issue in recent years, seriously threatening land, water sources, agriculture, and human health. The remediation of heavy metal pollution has been a continuously vital issue for current research. Bioremediation is an effective and cost-efficient approach to reduce heavy metal toxicity. Phosphate-solubilizing fungi (PSF) have shown promise in heavy metal bioremediation due to their high tolerance and activity levels. However, the full potential of PSF in bioremediation needs further exploration. PSF activity, metabolite production, and environmental conditions can influence their efficiency in remediating heavy metals. These factors play a critical role in the practical application of PSF and necessitate improvement pathways. This article reviews potential strategies to enhance heavy metal remediation using PSF and optimizing bioprocesses and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate dynamic diagnosis and numerical simulation are important means to understand the rules of climate variability and improve the service efficiency of short-term climate prediction and scientific decision-making. However, the dynamic diagnosis technology based on climate simulation has not been widely used in routine climate service, and almost no platforms can transform scientific research results into the use in climate operation conveniently. Therefore, by integrating various technologies such as modern computer communication protocols, visual editing and meteorological numerical simulation, Climate Dynamic Diagnosis and Analysis System (CDDAS) is developed, which can promote the dynamic diagnosis technology of climate simulation to be more widely used in climate operation. The system has the features with opening structure, high integration of diagnosis methods and high usability. Four functional modules are developed, including data management, climate dynamic diagnosis, multi-model numerical simulation and result analysis. Also, an interactive controlling language is designed, which can provide an easy method for user's further development. In the system, a communication toll among local PC (personal computer) client, remote server and supercomputer is built, which can be managed visually. Visual editing and management functions are provided to users to edit or design the interactive operation interfaces between local terminal and remote server, so as to provide online services according to their own needs. The script language provided by the system can control the visual buttons on the operation interface, the cloud computing in remote server and data network transmission, and it supports four arithmetic operations, logical judgment, numerical circulation and other statements, integrates a variety of network communication protocols, and provides a series of drawing, string processing, and window display control functions. Assisted programming and a fine interface designing tool is also provided. The client of the system can help users to manage interactive pages and graphics, and can make comparative analysis of climate diagnosis results. The system lays a good foundation for the automation of dynamic climate diagnosis. In particular, the establishment of multi-model numerical simulation module and the realization of visualization operation provide an effective way for the dynamic diagnosis and numerical simulation of climate models to be used in climate operation departments. At present, the system has been used in the national climate operation and scientific research units, which has significantly improved the efficiency and convenience of climate operation in the diagnosis of climate anomalies, climate prediction and climate decision-making services.