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Tailorable chiral plasmonic nanostructures have attracted great interest due to their potential applications in photonics and sensing. However, there are limited straightforward fabrication routes to modulate the morphology of chiral materials with an external stimulus. Here, a helical assembly of gold nanospheres (AuNSs) is successfully obtained via self‐assembly using glycopeptide helical nanofibers as templates based on electrostatic interactions. The assembly morphology can be readily tailored from short debris to single‐/double‐ and multiple helical threads by changing pHs, resulting in well‐controlled modulation of circular dichroism (CD) in the visible range. Further, this tunable assembly and corresponding chiroptical properties are fully reversible in the pH range from 6 to 10. The electromagnetic simulation revealed how the structural geometries of AuNS helices changed the electromagnetic field propagation pattern to facilitate corresponding chiral optical properties. This approach is a unique and facilely obtained example of chiral nanomaterials with in situ tailoring morphology and chiral properties through external stimulus, demonstrating a potential application for biosensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins play a crucial role in imparting red coloration to pear fruits. However, the specific number and expression patterns of each member within the anthocyanin biosynthesis-related gene families in pears require systematic exploration. In this study, based on the pear genome we identified 15 gene families involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway using the BLASTP and Hidden Markov Model search methods, comprising a total of 94 enzyme genes. Through phylogenetic analysis, conserved domains, motif, and gene structure analysis, these gene families were further categorized into eight distinct lineages. Subsequent collinearity analysis revealed that the expansion of anthocyanin synthesis-related gene families primarily originated from segmental duplications. Analysis of cis-element in the promoter regions of genes related to anthocyanin synthesis unveiled the presence of light-responsive elements and various hormone-responsive elements. This suggests that changes in light stimulation and hormone levels may influence anthocyanin synthesis. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated differential expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes between the peel and flesh tissues. During the accumulation of anthocyanins in red-fleshed pears, upstream genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway such as PbrPAL2, PbrC4H2, PbrC4H3, Pbr4CL2, Pbr4CL17, PbrF3H5, and PbrF3H6 exhibited high expression levels, likely contributing significantly to the red coloration of pear flesh. In summary, we have identified the number of gene family members involved in pear anthocyanin biosynthesis and analyzed the expression patterns of the genes related to pear anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings provide a solid foundation for further research on the regulatory mechanisms underlying pear anthocyanin biosynthesis and the breeding of red pear varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although advances have been made in carbohydrate‐based macromolecular self‐assembly, harnessing epimers of carbohydrates to perform molecular assembly and further investigating the properties of supramolecular materials remain little explored. Herein, two classes of stereoisomeric glycolipid amphiphiles based on d‐N‐acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) are reported, and they can aggregate into ribbon‐like structures in the aqueous solution due to amphiphilic property, which allow to obtain glycocalyx‐mimicking supramolecular materials. The subtle distinction in glycoside configuration of GalNAc‐α‐SSA and GalNAc‐β‐SSA dictates the different molecular packing in self‐assembled structures. Since driven by the distinguishing carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions, the ribbon‐like architectures transform into spherical nanostructures via mixing GalNAc‐α‐SSA and GalNAc‐β‐SSA. The resulting spherical micelles fabricated by blending glycolipid epimers can potentiate the macrophage‐ and dendritic cell‐mediated immune responses in vitro. Such glycolipid epimers will pave the way to create glycocalyx‐mimicking immune modulators by incorporating stereochemistry into supramolecular self‐assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seismic amplitude along a layer in a section can reveal lateral reservoir changes and is one of the important means of reservoir prediction, but it is often difficult to establish the quantitative relationship between the seismic amplitude and sandstone thickness in wells in blocks with denser development. The use of a lower-amplitude slice for precisely quantitatively predicting the sandstone thickness, based on the goal of obtaining data on layers in the development zone with a dense well pattern, is accurate and has a valuable advantage. The method of formation slice optimization based on an objective function is studied to improve the ability of reservoir characterization by seismic attributes. This method has been applied to the reservoir prediction of the G I2 sedimentary unit in the ZQX block of the SRT oilfield and has achieved good results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Venetoclax (VEN) is the first selective small molecule Bcl-2 inhibitor approved by FDA and used in adult chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and some acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the long-term safety of VEN in large sample population was unknown. This study evaluated the adverse events (AEs) of VEN from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) since its approval in 2016 by data mining. Methods: The disproportionality analyses, including four algorithms of reporting odd ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), bayesian configuration promotion neural network (BCPNN), and multi item gamma poisson shrinker (MGPS), were employed to quantify the signals of VEN-associated AEs. Results: From the FAERS database, a total of 8,379,682 reports were collected during the study period. After removing the duplication, the number of reports with VEN as the primary suspect (PS) was 19,107. The 19,107 cases of AEs involved 27 organ systems, 256 significant PTs which conforming to the four algorithms. Unexpected serious AEs, such as pleural effusion, splenic infarction, atrial fibrillation, skin squamous cell carcinoma, etc., have signals. The median time of occurrence of AEs related to VEN was 31 days (inter quartile range [IQR] 7–131 days), and half of the reported AEs occurred within 1 month after administration. Conclusion: Our research has found new significant AEs signals of VEN, which improved its safety information in real-world after marketing approval, and contributed to its risk control of use in clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]