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A series of biologically active organophosphorus compounds have been synthesized by the reactions of O,O-diethylchlorophosphate with Schiff bases derived from 5-(phenyl/substituted phenyl)-2-hydrazino-1,3,4-oxadiazole and salicylaldehyde/2-hydroxyacetophenone. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of analyses and spectral (IR, 1H, 13C NMR) data. Fungicidal activities of these derivatives against Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Curvularia pallescence have been evaluated. All compounds showed moderate to significant antifungal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the question of how Indian pharmaceutical firms have transformed themselves from reverse-engineering firms focused on the domestic market to research-driven firms with global presence. It analyses the crucial and changing role of national, then international, innovation and regulatory policies and their impact on growth, performance and technology evolution of Indian pharmaceutical firms. The paper argues that although public policy increased market turbulence, it also provided new opportunities for firms to expand and build new technology, knowledge and market capabilities. From the 1950s Indian firms have pursued a variety of research, marketing and internationalization strategies to tackle changes prompted by policy, markets and knowledge complexities. The paper traces firm strategies that vary both in time and by firm, and argues that the successful firms have evolved substantively towards knowledge-based strategies. The paper then attempts to identify future directions for strategy, knowledge and markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the role of research and development (R&D), enterprise and the government in promoting product development. Discussion on new product development (NPD); How the promotion of technology development, transfer and commercialization has been addressed; Details on cost reduction.