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Abstract It is important to directly characterize the modulus of objects through wearable systems, which can further develop electronic skin and human‐computer interaction. In this work, a modulus sensing system based on a pressure sensor and vibration module is developed. This resistive pressure sensor exhibits good linearity and sensitivity. Combined with the vibration module to adjust the applied stress and strain, the modulus value of the objects can be directly calculated. The modulus sensing system demonstrates excellent modulus monitoring capabilities in the range of 60‒3000 kPa modulus and high linearity. In addition, it is used to detect modulus values for different parts of the human body and integrate a concept eye mask to prevent and monitor migraine. The system shows the potential to be further applied to wearable devices for human health monitoring and disease prevention.

IntroductionDepression is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by prolonged sadness, loss of interest or pleasure. The dominant alpha peak activity in resting-state EEG is suggested to be an intrinsic neural marker for diagnosis of mental disorders.MethodsTo investigate an association between alpha peak activity and depression severity, the present study recorded resting-state EEG (EGI 128 channels, off-line average reference, source reconstruction by a distributed inverse method with the sLORETA normalization, parcellation of 68 Desikan–Killiany regions) from 155 patients with depression (42 males, mean age 35 years) and acquired patients’ scores of Self-Rating Depression Scales. We measured both the alpha peak amplitude that is more related to synchronous neural discharging and the alpha peak frequency that is more associated with brain metabolism.ResultsThe results showed that over widely distributed brain regions, individual patients’ alpha peak amplitudes were negatively correlated with their depressive scores, and individual patients’ alpha peak frequencies were positively correlated with their depressive scores.DiscussionThese results reveal that alpha peak amplitude and frequency are associated with self-rating depressive score in different manners, and the finding suggests the potential of alpha peak activity in resting-state EEG acting as an important neural factor in evaluation of depression severity in supplement to diagnosis.

Abstract Mixed‐dimensional (2D/3D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures made with complementary materials hold a lot of promise in the field of optoelectronic devices. Beyond simple mechanical stacking, directly growing the single‐crystal perovskite on 2D materials to construct a high‐quality vdW heterojunction can better promote carrier transport. In this work, a monolithic integrated graphene/perovskite heterojunction device is fabricated by directly growing a single‐crystal hybrid perovskite on monolayer graphene. Due to the strong interface coupling, the hybrid device achieves self‐powering behavior and exhibits prominent photoresponse properties with a fast response speed of up to 2.05 μs. Moreover, the responsivity and detectivity can be boosted to up to 10.41 A W−1 and 4.65 × 1012 Jones under the actuation of −3 V bias. This technique not only improves the device performance, but also provides an effective guideline for the development of next‐generation directly integrated vdW optoelectronic devices.

Abstract Paper, as a foldable, pollution-free, and low-cost material, has become a suitable support substrate for producing flexible thermoelectric (TE) generators to realize waste heat recycling and the application of human-powered electronic devices. We propose a facile fabrication method to modify cellulose paper with inorganic TE powders via vacuum filtration, making a modified paper that possesses good thermoelectric properties. By connecting the modified paper to copper foils, flexible paper-based TE generators (PTGs) are fabricated. The obtained PTG with three units of P–N modules can generate an output voltage of ∼41.2 mV at a temperature difference of 50 K. Based on this modified paper, a thermal sensor that responds to heat sources, such as fingers, is proposed with a rapid response time of 0.25 s. This work offers a promising strategy for the simple fabrication of PTGs, paving the way for achieving the commercial application of self-powered wearable electronics.

Traditional general architecture chips have shown excessive power consumption and insufficient functional redundancy in some customized applications. Flexible electronics also call for customized chips in smart wearable devices. Common chips in intelligent systems process digital signals, and continuous operation of the system clock brings great power consumption. Herein, an intelligent gesture recognition system is developed by combining the flexible 2D materials and an analog computing chip. The pressure‐sensitive sponge with graphene fillings is proposed as a piezoresistive sensor. A nine‐sensor array is used to detect the pressure field distribution caused by hand movement. To get rid of the power consumption caused by the system clock, a novel analog‐computing customized chip which adopts a near‐sensor processing architecture is proposed. It implements the binary neural network algorithm with an analog circuit and completes the recognition of the transmission signal at the hardware level. The chip possesses a low power consumption which is less than 1.8 mW. Moreover, a glove assembled by highly pressure‐sensitive material recognizes mute gestures including Arabic numerals 0–9, with a recognition rate as high as 98.5%. Herein, the prospects for the application of customized smart chips in the field of smart wearable electronics are illuminated.

Current research on emotion regulation has mainly focused on Gross’s cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion; however, little attention has been paid to whether social cognitive processes can be used to regulate both positive and negative emotions. We considered perspective-taking as an aspect of social cognition, and investigated whether it would affect one’s own emotional response. The present study used a block paradigm and event-related potential (ERP) technology to explore this question. A 3 (perspective: self vs. pessimistic familiar other vs. optimistic familiar other) × 3 (valence: positive vs. neutral vs. negative) within-group design was employed. Thirty-six college students participated and considered their own or target others’ feelings about pictures with different valences. Results showed that positive emotional responses were more neutral under a pessimistic familiar other perspective, and more positive under an optimistic familiar other perspective, and vice versa for negative emotional responses. In ERP results, compared with a self-perspective, taking familiar others’ perspectives elicited reductions in P3 (370–410 ms) and LPP (400–800 ms) difference waves. These findings suggested that taking a pessimistic or optimistic familiar other perspective affects emotion regulation by changing later processing of emotional information.

The emergence and development of two-dimensional (2D) materials has provided a new direction for enhancing the thermoelectric (TE) performance due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties. However, the TE performance measurement of 2D materials is a long-standing challenge owing to the experimental difficulties of precise control in samples and high demand in apparatus. Until now, there is no universal methodology for measuring the dimensionless TE figure of merit (ZT) (the core parameter for evaluating TE performance) of 2D materials systematically in experiments. Raman spectroscopy, with its rapid and nondestructive properties for probing samples, is undoubtedly a powerful tool for characterizing 2D materials as it is known as a spectroscopic ‘Swiss-Army Knife’. Raman spectroscopy can be employed to measure the thermal conductivity of 2D materials and expected to be a systematic method in evaluating TE performance, boosting the development of thermoelectricity. In this review, thermoelectricity, 2D materials, and Raman techniques, as well as thermal conductivity measurements of 2D materials by Raman spectroscopy are introduced. The prospects of obtaining ZT and testing the TE performance of 2D materials by Raman spectroscopy in the future are also discussed.

The increase of ETC (electronic toll collection system) vehicles on expressways has changed the proportion of ETC/MTC (manual toll collection system) lanes at toll stations. Based on a driving simulator, three toll gate lane warning sign schemes (scheme for present situation, MTC guidance scheme, and arrow + MTC guidance scheme) were proposed in this study. Driving simulation experiments were conducted to study the influence of figures in warning signs at the manual toll station on the lane change timing of drivers. It was found that the addition of arrows to the warning signs can significantly shorten the response time and guide the driver to make lane change decisions earlier to reduce the congestion between MTC vehicles and the mainline ETC vehicles at the toll plaza, thereby improving the traffic capacity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the microstructure, as well as the mganetocaloric effects of the various La[Fe.sub.10.8][Co.sub.0.7][Si.sub.1.5][C.sub.0.2] compounds observed at different annealing times. The grains of the compounds are shown to considerably increase with an increase in the annealing time.

Current research on emotion regulation has mainly focused on Gross's cognitive strategies for regulating negative emotion; however, little attention has been paid to whether social cognitive processes can be used to regulate both positive and negative emotions. We considered perspective-taking as an aspect of social cognition, and investigated whether it would affect one's own emotional response. The present study used a block paradigm and event-related potential (ERP) technology to explore this question. A 3 (perspective: self vs. pessimistic familiar other vs. optimistic familiar other) × 3 (valence: positive vs. neutral vs. negative) within-group design was employed. Thirty-six college students participated and considered their own or target others' feelings about pictures with different valences. Results showed that positive emotional responses were more neutral under a pessimistic familiar other perspective, and more positive under an optimistic familiar other perspective, and vice versa for negative emotional responses. In ERP results, compared with a self-perspective, taking familiar others' perspectives elicited reductions in P3 (370–410 ms) and LPP (400–800 ms) difference waves. These findings suggested that taking a pessimistic or optimistic familiar other perspective affects emotion regulation by changing later processing of emotional information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microstructure and magnetocaloric effects in LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2 compound produced by induction furnace were investigated. NaZn13-type structure (1:13) formed in LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2 compound after being annealed at 1373 K for only 6 h. As annealing time increases, the grains grow up irregularly. A nearly single 1:13 phase is obtained after being annealed for 2 days. Annealing time is significantly reduced compared with that in conventional bulk LaFe13-xSix compounds. The short annealing time is of great advantage to application. The maximum magnetic entropy change of this compound is -4.9 J/K Kg under a magnetic field of 2 T and relative cooling power is 172.2 J/Kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation mechanism of the 1:13 phase in \ La(\ Fe,\ Si)13 compounds has been investigated by the diffusion of \ LaFeSi/\alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) couple at 1353 K and 1443 K. After annealing at 1353 K for 12 days, 0.8 mm thick 1:13 phase was obtained between LaFeSi and \alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) sheets. A layer of \ La5{\ {Si}}3 phase determined by EDS appeared all along the interface of LaFeSi and 1:13 phase. In addition, \ La5{\ {Si}}3 phase was also found in grain boundary of 1:13 phase grains and La-rich phase was found in grain boundary of \alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) sheet. It is believed that \ La5{\ {Si}}3 phase and grain boundaries working as rapid diffusion paths were important for the formation of 1:13 phase in \ La(\ Fe,\ Si)13 compounds. 1:13 phase mainly formed in the \alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) master alloy sheet. In addition, large grains of 1:13 phase were close to the LaFeSi sheet and small grains of 1:13 phase were close to \alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) layer. It indicated that La and Si elements diffused from LaFeSi sheet to \alpha-\ Fe(\ Si) sheet in the formation process of 1:13 phase. There was an endothermic peak at 207 K in the DSC curve of the 1:13 phase obtained from diffusion couple annealed at 1353K. It indicated the occurrence of magnetic phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have become a hot study topic in recent years due to their outstanding electronic, optical, and thermal properties. The unique band structures of strong in-plane chemical bonds and weak out-of-plane van der Waals (vdW) interactions make 2D materials promising for nanodevices and various other applications. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and non-destructive characterization tool to study the properties of 2D materials. In this work, we review the research on the characterization of 2D materials with Raman spectroscopy. In addition, we discuss the application of the Raman spectroscopy technique to semiconductors, superconductivity, photoelectricity, and thermoelectricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]