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Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death that relies on iron and involves an imbalance of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is expected to help alleviate bottlenecks in tumor treatment. Herein, a sorafenib‐loaded folic acid‐armored iron‐based nMOF was designed for synergistic inducing ferroptosis of tumors. The particle size of the synthesized SM@F is about 210nm, and the drug loading rate is 24.74%. SM@F can be degraded and releases sorafenib and iron ions slowly, resulting in intracellular drug release and iron overload after being highly uptaken by SMMC‐7721 cells. SM@F can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SMMC‐7721 cells, and this effect can be significantly attenuated by ferroptosis inhibitors. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SM@F could increase the content of ROS, and lipid peroxides; decrease the content of glutathione (GSH); and down‐regulate the GXP4 expression in SMMC‐7721 cells. The results indicate that the synthesized SM@F could effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells with synergistic inducing ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the micromorphology and dynamic evolution law of copper aluminum composite interface evolution, ultra-high temperature laser Confocal microscopy (CLSM) was used to observe and analyze the evolution of copper aluminum interface in situ, and then SEM, EDS and other advanced material analysis methods were used to observe the micromorphology of the composite layer, and study the composition of the interface layer and the formation process of the copper aluminum composite interface. The results indicate that the formation of the copper aluminum composite interface layer is mainly related to the mutual diffusion of copper aluminum atoms and the interface reaction between copper and aluminum. The bonding of the copper aluminum composite interface is mainly related to the melting of the metal surface of the interface layer and the mutual diffusion of copper aluminum atoms, which is the main mechanism of the copper aluminum composite interface bonding. The intermetallic compound is mainly Al2Cu. In situ, observation of copper aluminum composite interface shows that there is a clear and relatively flat boundary between copper and the interface layer, while the boundary between aluminum and the interface layer is not straight, which is caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, Lattice constant and hardness between intermetallic compounds and matrix and between intermetallic compounds. At the same time, it was found that there is a certain relationship between the visual changes of the copper aluminum composite interface image and reaction-diffusion migration during in-situ observation using a confocal laser scanning high-temperature microscope. Moreover, under no pressure, the oxide layer and interface inclusions can seriously affect the interface bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiosulfate is an inorganic ligand that forms a soluble light-sensitive cadmium thiosulfate complex, and cadmium sulfide (CdS) with a "size effect" can be produced via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This study investigated the activity of CdS nanoparticles (NPs) precipitated from a cadmium thiosulfate complex via UV irradiation on photocatalytic dye degeneration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that the decomposition products were spherical CdS NPs. The photocatalytic activity of the CdS NPs was evaluated based on the degradation rates of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and methyl orange. With 25 mg of CdS NPs and a dye concentration of 10 mg L−1, the degradation rates of the three dyes under visible light were 36%, 90%, and 80%, respectively. A kinetic study revealed that the photocatalytic degradation rate of the CdS NPs followed first-order kinetics, and the rate constants for the three dyes were determined to be 0.0051, 0.0762, and 0.0144 min−1, respectively. The CdS NPs exhibited a stable photocatalytic performance after three cycles of methylene blue degradation. This indicates that CdS NPs formed from a cadmium thiosulfate complex after UV irradiation can be used for photocatalysis, which will save resources and help in environmental conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses ANSYS Workbench platform to simulate the casting and rolling composite process, taking the horizontal type casting and rolling machine as the research object, and conducts the numerical simulation study of copper-aluminum composite solid-liquid casting and rolling heat-flow coupling, mainly to study different walking speed, aluminum pouring temperature, casting and rolling zone length, heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field, liquid phase rate influence law, and use it as a theoretical guide for copper-aluminum solid-liquid casting. The experiments of copper-aluminum solid-liquid casting-rolling composite were carried out to optimize the process parameters and to verify the experiments, so as to prepare a well-bonded copper-aluminum composite plate. The composite mechanism in the preparation of copper-aluminum composite plate was analyzed, and it was clarified that the interfacial layer was formed through four stages: contact between copper and aluminum surfaces, contact surface activation, mutual diffusion of copper and aluminum atoms, and reaction diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three metal complexes [CuL(NO3)]n (1), [Cd(HL)(NO3)2]n (2) and [EuL(HCOOH)(H2O)(NO3)2] (3) were synthesized with a pyridyl Schiff ligand L (N′-[(1E)-pyridin-2-ylmethylidene]pyridine-4-carbohydrazide). A crystallographic study revealed that complexes 1 and 2 have a chain structure, and complex 3 is a zero-dimensional monomer. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that complex 2 had the best antiproliferative activity against SMMC-7721 cells and complex 3 had the best antiproliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 cells with single-digit IC50 values, both exceeding those of the control drug cisplatin by far. The cell invasion and migration ability through the transwell assay and wound-healing assay showed that the selected complexes could inhibit the invasion and migration of cancer cells. The Hoechst staining assay and ROS generation assay with SMMC-7721 cells indicated that the cytotoxic effects of complex 2 involved apoptosis induction through ROS accumulation. The apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arrest effects of complex 2 on SMMC-7721 cells indicated that the antitumor effect was achieved through apoptosis induction and inhibition of DNA synthesis by blocking the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. In addition, complex 2 showed significant inhibition against B. dysentery with an inhibition circle diameter of 24 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three metal–organic frameworks [CdL(DMF)]n1, {[CuL(H2O)(DMF)]·DMF·0.5H2O}n2, and [Nd(HL)L(DMF)3]n3 have been synthesized with a nitrobenzene derivative 4-((5-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrophenoxy)methyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid (H2L). Compound 1 has a dense three-dimensional framework with 1D Cd chains within the framework. Compound 2 features a chain structure which is further connected by π–π interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 3D network. Compound 3 is a lanthanide-based metal–organic framework which also features a 3D network. Compound 1 shows low sensitivity and high stability with an intense exothermic process at 295.1 °C. The constant-volume combustion energy and impact sensitivity were measured and the heat of detonation, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure were calculated for 1, which illustrate that 1 could be applied as a potential explosive. In addition, the non-isothermal kinetics for 1–3 was studied by Kissinger's and Ozawa–Doyle's methods. The apparent activation energies of 1–3 were 167.950 kJ mol−1, 191.465 kJ mol−1, 120.060 kJ mol−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(We could not place the transducer and the left leg electrode on the pulsation at the same time and thus were unable to directly compare the arterial pulse waveform with other electrocardiogram leads.) C. Synchronous recordings of electrocardiogram lead I and the arterial pulse waveform in the left leg. All the limb leads and precordial leads depend on the left leg electrocardiogram electrode, except for lead I. As a result, we examined the left leg electrode and felt a strong pulsation that we interpreted as arterial pulsation. [Extracted from the article]

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the drying characteristics and kinetics of two typical lignites were investigated by using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO 2 ) at mild temperature (62–102 °C). The drying characteristics results show that SCCO 2 extraction drying has advantages over conventional drying such as better heat transfer and faster diffusion rate. Seven previous thin-layer models and a new proposed model were applied to analyze the lignite drying kinetics, and the proposed model obtained the best fit to the lignite drying process in all of the models. Apparent diffusion coefficients of moisture in SCCO 2 drying are higher compared with conventional drying method. The activation energies for the diffusion process of two typical lignites are 10.5561 and 11.6218 kJ/mol, which are far lower in comparison to conventional drying process. The pore structure and gasification reactivity of drying lignite were analyzed and both of them have an obvious improvement after the SCCO 2 drying process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]