30 results on '"Chakraborty, Manab"'
Search Results
2. Mass balance of Chhota Shigri glacier using dual-polarized C band SAR data
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Das, Sanchayita and Chakraborty, Manab
- Published
- 2019
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3. Synergetic use of SAR and Thermal Infrared data to study the physical properties of the lunar surface
- Author
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Saran, Sriram, Das, Anup, Mohan, Shiv, and Chakraborty, Manab
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- 2014
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4. Monsoon paddy monitoring and assessment using synthetic aperture radar data under BGREI programme in Odisha, India
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Haldar, Dipanwita, Manjunath, K. R., Panigrahy, Sushma, Jain, Varunika, Gopalan, R. S., Khullar, Mukesh, Chakraborty, Manab, and Parihar, J. S.
- Published
- 2015
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5. Initial results using RISAT-1 C-band SAR data
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Chakraborty, Manab, Panigrahy, Sushma, Rajawat, A. S., Kumar, Raj, Murthy, T. V. R., Haldar, Dipanwita, Chakraborty, Abhisek, Kumar, Tanumi, Rode, Sneha, Kumar, Hrishikesh, Mahapatra, Manik, and Kundu, Sanchayita
- Published
- 2013
6. Study of scattering characteristics of lunar equatorial region using Chandrayaan-1 Mini-SAR polarimetric data
- Author
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Saran, Sriram, Das, Anup, Mohan, Shiv, and Chakraborty, Manab
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- 2012
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7. Studies of polarimetric properties of lunar surface using Mini-SAR data
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Mohan, Shiv, Das, Anup, and Chakraborty, Manab
- Published
- 2011
8. Landcover classification in MRF context using Dempster-Shafer Fusion for multisensor imagery
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Sarkar, Anjan, Chakraborty, Manab, Banerjee, Anjan, Majumder, K.L., Banerjee, Nilanjan, Brahma, Siddhartha, and Kartikeyan, B
- Subjects
Image processing -- Research ,Markov processes -- Analysis ,Business ,Computers ,Electronics ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
The role of feature-level fusion using the Dempster-Shafer rule and that of the data-level fusion in the Markov random field (MRF) context is studied to obtain an optimally segmented image. Subsequently, segments are validated, and classification accuracy for the test data is evaluated.
- Published
- 2005
9. Analysis of temporal backscattering of cotton crops using a semiempirical model
- Author
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Maity, Saroj, Patnaik, C., Chakraborty, Manab, and Panigrahy, Sushma
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Remote sensing -- Research ,Business ,Earth sciences ,Electronics and electrical industries - Abstract
To develop an operational methodology for estimating soil moisture and crop biophysical parameters and to generate a crop cover map, backscattering signatures of vegetation canopies are investigated using multitemporal Radarsat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data over a predominantly cotton-growing area in India during low to peak crop growth stage. A simple parameterization of the water-cloud model with volumetric soil moisture content ([m.sub.v]) and leaf area idex (LAI) is used to simulate the microwave backscattering coefficient ([[sigma].sup.0]), as it is found to be a good candidate for operational purposes as demonstrated by several workers in past. The influence of crop height (H), LAI, and [m.sub.v] on [[sigma].sup.0] is investigated during peak crop growth stage. A linear relationship between LAI and crop height is derived semiempirically, and a linear zone is chosen for analysis during the peak croup-growing stage. Estimation of average volume fraction of leaves ([[bar.V].sub.l]) and attenuation factor (L) by two different approaches is discussed: 1) using linear relationship between LAI versus crop height and 2) from the water-cloud model parameter (K) estimation by iterative minimum least square error approach. It is observed that model-estimated parameters agree well with the measured values within an acceptable error limit. At lower soil moisture, [m.sub.v] [congruent to] 0.02 ([cm.sup.3] x [cm.sup.-3]), the dynamic range of [[sigma.sup.0] is found to be about +5 dB for 0-70 cm of crop height but monotonously decreases to null at a transition point, having [m.sub.v] [approximately equal to] 0.38 ([cm.sup.3] x [cm.sup.-3]). A positive correlation is found between backscattering coefficient and crop height till this transition point but shows a negative correlation beyond that, signifying the predominant attenuation by vegetation over soil. Differential moisture sensitivity (d[[sigma].sup.0]/d[m.sub.v]) of the backscattering coefficient decreases by half from 20.55 dB/([cm.sup.3] x [cm.sup.-3]) for dry and bare-field conditions to 10.68 dB/([cm.sup.3] x [cm.sup.-3]) for wet and crop-covered fields ([m.sub.v] = 0.38 [cm.sup.3] x [cm.sup.-3], H = 70 cm), whereas differential crop height sensitivity (d[[sigma].sup.0]/dH) varies from 0.22-0.03 dB/cm for bare-field conditions to crop-covered fields with crop height 70 cm. It is found that the percentage of relative error is smallest (2.27 %) for LAI and attenuation factor estimation using the value of [[bar.V].sub.l], from LAI models, whereas it is 4.25% when estimating from the attenuation coefficient (K) from the model. Index Terms--Crop attenuation, differential moisture and crop height sensitivity, leaf area index (LAI), synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, water-cloud model.
- Published
- 2004
10. Characterization of monsoon and summer season paddy transplantation date in India using RISAT-1 synthetic aperture radar.
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Haldar, Dipanwita and Chakraborty, Manab
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SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *SUMMER , *MONSOONS - Abstract
Retrieval of transplantation date (TP) using RISAT-1 medium resolution SCANSAR data for operational pre-harvest crop monitoring has been demonstrated. The methodology used 3-date HH-polarized RISAT data capturing the onset of transplantation (minimal backscatter) and rises as crop grows, for the country scale within 2–4 days of planting and was found to closely agree to ground conditions. Transplantation date ranged from June in north to October in Tamil Nadu. This variation significantly reduced to a month in the summer paddy due to irrigation. Transplantation patterns were different in both the seasons' paddy. Validation exercise for TP in four major states confirmed the feasibility of retrieval datasets for transplantation date monitoring as it matched within 2–4 days in north, south India and MP but 6–8 days in Assam. The technique has reached a level of maturity and is routinely used for monitoring the transplantation date by the Department of Agriculture, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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11. The NASA-ISRO SAR mission - An international space partnership for science and societal benefit.
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Rosen, Paul A., Hensley, Scott, Shaffer, Scott, Veilleux, Louise, Chakraborty, Manab, Misra, Tapan, Bhan, Rakesh, Raju Sagi, V., and Satish, R.
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- 2015
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12. Time series analysis of co-polarization phase difference (PPD) for winter field crops using polarimetric C-band SAR data.
- Author
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Haldar, Dipanwita, Rana, Pooja, Yadav, Manoj, Hooda, R. S., and Chakraborty, Manab
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CROP research ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,TIME series analysis ,PLANT biomass ,REMOTE sensing - Abstract
The utility of time series polarimetric C-band data for vegetation state monitoring was explored to understand the mechanism of growth and phenology for important winter crops in India. Parameters investigated were HH–VV phase difference (co-polarization phase difference, PPD), amplitude ratio, and polarization indices. Data were acquired during the entire growth phase categorized as early, mid/peak vegetative, and post-vegetative /flowering phase. The trend emerging in this study showed a shift in the phase difference distribution for agricultural areas relating to the growth rate for various crops. The time series data set revealed that the PPD is a function of frequency and was directly affected by crop type (planophile or erectophile), vigour, structure, and crop biophysical parameters, particularly biomass. The behaviour of crop biomass with PPD responded differentially across crop architectures and vigour classes. Co-polarization index was found to be a good measure for discrimination in early growth stages while cross-polarization index suited in advanced vegetative stages where geometrical orientation was uniform. The PPD captured the change in frequency distribution resulting in a peaked distribution at sowing changing to smooth, well-spread frequency distribution as the peak vegetation stage approaches. This histogram nature is observed to be gradual for high-biomass crops and peaked in case of the low-biomass crops. It is indicative of the rate of growth; a low peaked normal curve indicates faster growth rate and resulting in high biomass. The amplitude ratio in the later phase of growth as on the third date is similarly altered as in the VV returns from the crop. Intuition of the rate of growth and plant vigour is obtained from the temporal PPD pattern. The current study shows that while phase differences and amplitude ratio carry little information content on a single resolution cell basis, their spatial distribution over a wider time span can be used to derive quantitative relationships between SAR response and crop condition. The synergy of information involving the above parameters were used to derive useful information on the vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2016
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13. Delineation of glacial zones of Gangotri and other glaciers of Central Himalaya using RISAT-1 C-band dual-pol SAR.
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Kundu, Sanchayita and Chakraborty, Manab
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GLACIERS , *RISAT-1 (Radar imaging satellite) , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar , *DIGITAL elevation models - Abstract
The Himalayan glaciers, being unique in nature, need more detailed study over their evolution in the Himalayan glacial zones. A methodology has been developed using two-dimensional signatures from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) C-band dual-polarized data. A linear decision rule-based model has been generated using the signatures and the result further filtered by the use of a digital elevation model (DEM) to delineate glacial zones in the Himalayas. The advantage of using cross-polarized data is the addition of extra information from the volume of the glacial mass. Some important prerequisites for the analysis are SAR image ortho-rectification and calibration, glacier boundary delineation, and the development of sites for collecting SAR backscattering signatures from glaciers along the profile. The study deals with the evolution of glacial snow cover and glacial zones/facies in the Himalayan region under a subtropical humid climate from the ablation to the accumulation season. SAR images from 15 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 over the Gangotri and Mana glaciers were evaluated with the developed model. The identification of a superimposed zone during the ablation season is among the key results. The identified snowlines and other boundaries of glacial facies are studied on a temporal scale. The highest snowline altitude of Mana was recorded at 5768 and 5194 m for the Gangotri glacier in 2012. SAR data are also important in identifying glacial zones buried under winter snow cover. The results obtained are useful in regard to further glaciological studies of the Himalayan glaciers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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14. Monitoring of wet season rice crop at state and national level in India using multidate synthetic aperture radar data.
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Chakraborty, Manab, Patnaik, Chakrapani, Panigrahy, Sushma, and Parihar, Jai Singh
- Published
- 2006
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15. Analysis of Temporal Polarization Phase Difference for Major Crops in India.
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Haldar, Dipanwita, Das, Anup, Yadav, Manoj, Hooda, Ramesh S., Mohan, Shiv, and Chakraborty, Manab
- Subjects
POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics) ,AGRICULTURE ,POLARIMETRIC remote sensing ,S-matrix theory ,SCATTERING amplitude (Physics) ,PROBABILITY density function - Abstract
A polarimetric radar system measures the complete scattering matrix of a target in the backscattered field that includes magnitudes of linearly polarized scattering amplitudes and the co- polarised and cross-polarised phase angles. Apart from backscattering intensity, the co-polarization phase difference (CPD) calculated from polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data produces important information about target physical, geometrical and dielectric properties. In the present work, the distribution of CPD in C-band polarimetric SAR data corresponding to major kharif and rabi crops (denoting the monsoon and the winter season) and other land cover features have been studied over Central State Farm, Hisar, Haryana. The probability density functions (PDF) of CPD have been compared with dominant scattering contributions from these targets as obtained from polarimetric target decompositions. The results show that crops and other land cover features show characteristic CPD distributions, which relates well with crop physical and geometrical properties. An intuition of the rate of growth and plant vigour is indicative from the temporal PDF pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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16. Methodology to classify rice cultural types based on water regimes using multi-temporal RADARSAT-1 data.
- Author
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Choudhury, Indrani, Chakraborty, Manab, Santra, Subhas Chandra, and Parihar, Jai Singh
- Subjects
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REMOTE sensing , *WATER depth , *RADAR , *DETECTORS , *SYNTHETIC aperture radar - Abstract
This study presents a methodology to classify rice cultural types based on water regimes using multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The methodology was developed based on the theoretical understanding of radar scattering mechanisms with rice crop canopy, considering crop phenology and variation in water depth in the rice field, emphasizing the sensitivity of SAR to crop geometry and water. The logic used was the characteristic decrease in SAR backscatter that is associated with the puddled or transplanted field due to specular reflection for little exposure of crop, with increase in backscatter as the crop growth progresses due to volume scattering. Besides, the multiple interactions between SAR and vegetation/water also lead to an increase in backscatter as the crop growth progresses. Classification thresholds were established based on the information provided by each pixel in each image, the pixel's typical temporal behaviour due to crop phenology and changing water depth in rice field and their corresponding SAR signature. Based on this logic, the study site (i.e. South 24 Paraganas district, West Bengal) was classified into three major rice cultural types, namely shallow water rice (SWR; 5 cm ≤ water depth ≤ 30 cm), intermediate water rice (IWR; 30 cm ≤ water depth ≤ 50 cm) and deep water rice (DWR; water depth > 50 cm) during the kharif season. These three types represent most of the traditional rice-growing areas of India. The methodology was validated with the field data collected synchronously with the satellite passes. Classification results showed an overall accuracy of 98.5% (95.5% kappa coefficient) compared with a maximum-likelihood classifier (MLC) with an overall accuracy of 95.5% (84.2% of kappa coefficient) with 95% confidence interval. The relationship between field parameters, especially exposed plant height and water depth with SAR backscatter, was explored to design empirical models for each of the three rice classes. Significant relationships were observed in all the rice classes (coefficient of determination, R 2, value more than 0.85) even though they had similar growth profiles but varied with water depth. The two main conclusions drawn from this study are (i) the importance of multi-temporal SAR data for the classification of rice culture types based on water regimes and (ii) the advantages and flexibility of the knowledge-based classifier for classification of RADARSAT-1 data. However, being empirical, the approach needs modification according to the current rainfall pattern and rice-growing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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17. IBA, macroscopic SU(3) and microscopic description of ground state bands in rotational nuclei
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Chakraborty, Manab, Kota, V.K.Brahmam, and Parikh, Jitendra C.
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- 1981
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18. Unitary group decomposition of hamiltonian operators. II. SU (4) irreducible tensors, norms and their energy variation and symmetry breaking
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Chakraborty, Manab, Kota, V.K.Brahmam, and Parikh, Jitendra C
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- 1980
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19. The biological mother lode?
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McHugh, Drake and Chakraborty, Manab
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BIODIVERSITY , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
Looks at the impact of biodiversity on economic factors. Impact of the discovery of a virus-resistant species of wild maize in Mexico in 1979; Export of wood products from Asia, Africa and South America; The search for medicinal wild plant or animal material.
- Published
- 1994
20. Impact of Climate Change Awareness on Climate Change Adaptions and Climate Change Adaptation Issues.
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Abbasi, Zakeer Ahmed Khan and Nawaz, Allah
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CLIMATE change ,WATER shortages ,RESOURCE exploitation ,DEVELOPED countries ,SOIL degradation - Abstract
This study contributes to the local responses to address the impact of climate change in agriculture sector in the context of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Pakistan's agriculture is vulnerable to the cataclysmic transformations in the climate system; causing productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms. In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better than those employed by farmers in the developing countries like Pakistan. The climate change awareness obviously determines the nature, quality and strength of climate change adaptations. The current study measures the impact of climate change awareness on climate change adaptation and climate change adaptation issues (constraints) and their interactions to help in addressing the native agricultural issues emerging from global climate change. The statistical analysis of the field data supports the assumptions about positive association between climate change awareness and climate change adaptations (R2=44.6, B=.875 and P-value=.000) and negative interaction between climate change awareness and climate change adaptation issues (R²=.318, B=-.707 and P-value=.000). Further, the role of geographic-zones and respondents' educational level has also been found significant. Therefore, more efforts, if directed, to enhance climate change awareness through dissemination of authentic and need based information, would significantly help farmers to undertake more relevant, effective and efficient adaptation measures, thereby, contributing in increasing the agriculture yield and reduce losses. However, imprudent projection of climate change adaptation issues without proper awareness about the associated dynamics, complexities and implications may petrify the farmers thus, yielding negative ramifications with regards to the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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21. RICE (KHARIF) PRODUCTION ESTIMATION USING SAR DATA OF DIFFERENT SATELLITES AND YIELD MODELS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ESTIMATES GENERATED UNDER FASAL PROJECT.
- Author
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Jain, V., Saxena, S., Dubey, S., Choudhary, K., Sehgal, S., Neetu, and Ray, S. S.
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RICE yields ,OPTICAL remote sensing ,SYNTHETIC aperture radar ,RICE ,AGRICULTURAL remote sensing ,FOOD crops - Abstract
Rice is the most important food crop of India. Majority of Rice is sown in kharif season in the country. This is monsoon season for the country where cloud cover poses a major problem for optical remote sensing. Therefore, for these states rice acreage estimation is being done using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data operationally in India since 1998. A case study is presented in this paper for analysis of past 6 years' (2012–13 to 2017–18) estimations. Multi temporal Radarsat-2 (HH), RISAT-1 ScanSAR (HH) and Sentinel-1 (VV) data was used in years 2012, 2013–2016, and 2017, respectively for paddy identification. Hierarchal Decision Rule based classification (HDRC) approach was used to identify rice areas under sample segments. Extensive ground truth collected by state remote sensing departments and agriculture departments was utilized in setting the limits of HDRC models and accuracy assessment. Yield was estimated using weather based and remote sensing-based models. Area, production and yield estimates were made and compared with those given by DES. RMSE and R
2 were used as statistical measures to assess the accuracy of results. The RMSE % ranged from 2.3 to 4.3; 0.84 to 1.35; 0.24 to 0.27 for area, production and yield respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) ranged from 0.62 to 0.92; 0.75 to 0.91; 0.5 to 0.83 for area, production and yield respectively. The study showed that use of multi temporal SAR data (both HH and VV) is quite useful for paddy acreage estimation, especially during monsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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22. A cross-sectional study on renal involvement among HIV-infected patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kolkata.
- Author
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Chatterji, Soumyadip, Mallik, Sudeshna, Pal, Dipak, Lahre, Dushyant, Chakraborty, Sayan, Ghosh, Manab Kumar, Naskar, Arindam, Pandey, Rajendra, and Saha, Bibhuti
- Subjects
KIDNEY diseases ,HIV-positive persons ,DISEASE prevalence ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,HOSPITALS ,TERTIARY care - Abstract
Background and objectives The HIV-associated renal diseases represent a spectrum. Indian data on this is sparse. This study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and clinicopathological spectrum of renal involvement in HIV among antiretroviral therapy (ART) naïve patients (Group 1) and among those on ART (Group 2). Methods Systematic random sampling was undertaken to select 109 patients each from virology outpatient department (VOPD) and ART centre of a tertiary care hospital. They were screened and further investigated if renal involvement was found. Results Renal involvement was present in 25/109 (22.94%) and 15/109 (13.76%) patients of Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Among patients of Groups 1 and 2, 9/24 (37.5%) and 2/13 (15.4%), respectively, had clinically significant proteinuria, but none in the nephrotic range. Statistically significant relationships of renal involvement were observed with CD4 count <100/μl and with low BMI. Of the patients of Group 2, 20% of those on a tenofovir-based regimen had renal involvement with tubular changes, while only 4.6% of those on other regimens had renal involvement. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05; OR=5.25). Conclusion Renal involvement was less common among those on ART. Low CD4 count and body mass index (BMI) were associated with renal dysfunction. Patients on a tenofovir-based regimen had more renal involvement compared with not on a tenofovir-based regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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23. International Relations and Global Environmental Change: Review of the Burgeoning Literature on the Environment.
- Author
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Jakobsen, Susanne
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,GLOBAL environmental change ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,LITERATURE ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article reviews a burgeoning literature on the environment from two major groups of authors; on the one hand, International Relations scholars and, on the other, a host of 'green writers' comprising mainly biologists, environmental activists and philosophers. Both groups share a tendency to focus on the same four or five environmental problems introduced by a 'state of the environment reporting'. They perceive solutions mainly as top-down institutional arrangements above or between governments, and conclude with prescriptions for practitioners. Careful reading nevertheless reveals major contradictions between the theoretical assumptions of International Relations scholars and the empirical observations of green writers. While the former tend to place the nation-state at the centre of analysis, the latter group emphasizes the importance of a wide range of non-state actors who increasingly define local and transnational politics on the environment. Against this background, and with a brief introduction to recently arrived reflectivist approaches, a dialogue is suggested with the ambition of arriving at a study of global environmental change that consists not only of international, but also global politics on the environment. The article concludes with some suggestions for improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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24. Biophysical parameter assessment of winter crops using polarimetric variables—entropy (H), anisotropy (A), and alpha (α).
- Author
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Haldar, Dipanwita, Rana, Pooja, and Hooda, Ramesh Singh
- Abstract
The study brings out the potential of SAR polarimetric time series data for the study of crop biophysical parameter assessment of major winter field crops in India. We examined the entropy-alpha-anisotropy approach in radar polarimetric C-band data and related the polarimetric parameters to the biomass to understand the interaction of microwave signal with the major winter crops across dominant biomass ranges in India. The crop phenology response in terms of the changes in polarimetric parameters like entropy (H), anisotropy (A), and alpha (α) angle and their derived parameters has been studied for dominant winter field crops like wheat, mustard, and gram with variation in their variables like biomass. A trend is established emerging from this study which shows that entropy, alpha, and anisotropy for agricultural areas are closely related to the growth rate of the crops and their phenological stages. This paper outlines a methodology for using RADARSAT-2 full-polarimetric data for vegetation (winter crops) monitoring using the abovementioned standard polarimetric parameters for understanding crop vigor and phenology. The polarimetric parameters were observed to be more dynamic in wheat (H 0.45 to 0.8) than in mustard (H 0.6 to 0.85) in December to February data though late sown crop of mustard showed a higher range with respect to their biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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25. BANKER OF THE GT ROAD.
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Bajaj, Kapil
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FINANCIAL institutions ,POOR people ,POOR women ,MICROFINANCE ,FINANCE ,SERVICES for the poor - Abstract
The article presents a business profile for Shah Sandhu Finance, a microfinance institution in India. The business was founded by Manab Chakraborty in 2006 and is focusing on providing financial services to women in urban and peri-urban areas. Chakraborty ambition is to reach 4 lakh customers in three years and a million by 2015.
- Published
- 2008
26. Animal Welfare in China : Culture, Politics and Crisis
- Author
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Li, Peter J. and Li, Peter J.
- Subjects
- Animal welfare--China
- Abstract
The plight of animals in China has attracted intense interest in recent times. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, speculation about the origins of the virus have sparked global curiosity Speculation about the origins of COVID-19 has sparked curiosity about how animals are treated, traded and consumed in China today.In Animal Welfare in China, Peter Li explores the key animal welfare challenges facing China now, including animal agriculture, bear farming, and the trade and consumption of exotic wildlife, dog meat, and other controversial products. He considers how Chinese policymakers have approached these issues and speaks with activists from China's growing animal rights movement.Li also offers an overview of the history of animal welfare in China, from ancient times through the enormous changes of the 20th and 21st centuries. Some practices that are today described as “traditional”, he argues, are in fact quite recent developments, reflecting the contemporary pursuit of economic growth rather than long-standing cultural traditions. Based on years of fieldwork and analysis, Animal Welfare in China makes a compelling case for a more nuanced and evidence-based approach to these complex issues.
- Published
- 2021
27. Modelling and Monitoring of Coastal Marine Processes
- Author
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Raj C. Murthy, P.C. Sinha, Y.R. Rao, Raj C. Murthy, P.C. Sinha, and Y.R. Rao
- Subjects
- Hydraulic engineering, Physical geography, Oceanography, Coastal engineering--Mathematical models, Marine pollution--Mathematical models, Marine pollution--Measurement, Pollution
- Abstract
Although numerous books have been written on both monitoring and modelling of coastal oceans, there is a practical need for an introductory multi-disciplinary volume to non-specialists in this field. The articles commisioned for this book, organized into four major themes, are written by experts in their disciplines while the text is intended for scientists who do not have extensive training in marine sciences and coastal zone management. As such, the articles in this monograph can be a valuable reference for practicing professionals. The first section introduces the complex physical processes with main emphasis on waste disposal in the coastal ocean. Following this, examples of instrumentation techniques that are commonly used for measuring different properties of oceans are discribed. Coastal and estuarine transport and dispersion modelling is introduced in the next section with examples from different parts of the world. The last section provides an overview of coastal disasters such as tropical cyclones, storm surges and oil spills.
- Published
- 2008
28. Poverty alleviation and sustainable development: the role of social capital
- Author
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Asadi, Ali, Akbari, Morteza, Fami, Hossain Shabanali, Iravani, Hoshang, Rostami, Farahnaz, and Sadati, Abolhasan
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Poverty -- United States ,Poverty -- Control ,Poverty -- Environmental aspects ,Social action -- Influence ,Social capital (Sociology) -- Influence ,Social participation -- Influence ,Sustainable development -- Management ,Company business management ,Social sciences - Abstract
Developing countries are facing dilemmas such as un-sustainability, and poverty, (especially rural poverty). Poor people are often seen as compelled to exploit their surrounding for short-term survival and are assumed to be the ones most exposed to natural resources degradation. In order that at the first; we review the extensive theoretical literature on social capital, poverty and sustainability and demonstrate the nuanced treatment these concepts have received in this literature. Problem Statement: Current research and observations indicate that (these dilemmas) un-sustainability and rural poverty are linked. The only feasible way out of current crisis is to integrate resources. The linkage among environment/agriculture, poverty and social capital are complex and in many cases, poorly understood. The developing countries have been criticized for their inability to reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable agricultural development. Approach: there is a need for improving of social capital to integrate environment and people to alleviate poverty and receive to sustainable development. Social capital has come to be defined in a variety of ways, all of which have been linked to collective norms, values and relationships reflecting the involvement of human individuals in a common life based on family and community. Results: This study argue that social capital as a concept has over the last decade or more been gaining significance in relation to a number of linked fields of analyses, including the identification of factors influencing educational attainment, explanations of differing levels of participation, rural development and poverty alleviation. Conclusions/Recommendations: social capital enhancement appears to have direct links with farmer education in that community development is generally defined as a social learning process which serves to empower people and to involve them as citizens in collective activities aimed at socio-economic development, poverty alleviation and sustainable development. At the last, base on World Bank experience we offer these strategies such as promoting opportunity; facilitating empowerment and enhancing security to reduce poverty and to achieve sustainable development. Key words: Social capital, poverty alleviation and sustainable development, INTRODUCTION Poverty is a major cause and effect of global environmental problems stated the influential Brundtland Commission (17) in a sentence that captures widely held beliefs: Poor people are often [...]
- Published
- 2008
29. Deforestation and Ownership: Evidence from Historical Accounts and Contemporary Data
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Deacon, Robert T.
- Subjects
Deforestation -- History -- United States ,Forest landowners -- Management -- Environmental aspects ,Forest declines -- History -- Environmental aspects ,Land settlement patterns -- Environmental aspects ,Agricultural industry ,Economics ,Environmental issues ,Company business management ,Management ,History ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
Historical accounts of forest cover changes over the last three millennia are compared to contemporaneous human history, to shed light on factors contributing to large scale changes in forest stocks. Insecure ownership, for example, during wartime and periods of unrest, tends to accompany deforestation, as does population growth, and as does declining agricultural yields. A simple model of forest stocks and agricultural yields that captures these relationships is formulated to guide empirical analysis. Estimates based on cross-country data support the proposition that agricultural yields tend to be low and deforestation rates rapid where ownership is inscure., I. INTRODUCTION The factors that cause forests to advance or decline are assessed using a source of information that economists have largely overlooked, historical accounts of forest cover changes in [...]
- Published
- 1999
30. TV channels in race to rope in poll stars, celebs & experts
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Television broadcasting -- Political aspects ,Television actors and actresses -- Political activity ,Television actors and actresses -- Political aspects ,Television broadcasting industry -- Political activity ,Television broadcasting industry -- Political aspects ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
The election may be over but not the heat. The poll pot will simmer on for one more day until counting starts on Saturday then, there will be the chewing [...]
- Published
- 2009
Catalog
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