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The principal aim of this study was to evaluate, on biochemical grounds, whether injection of a low-osmolar nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) can induce a prothrombotic state and/or a change in fibrinolysis. Fifteen patients were submitted to urographic examination and the assays listed below were performed: before the injection (T0), 1 h after (T1), and 24 h after (T24) the injection of the contrast medium. The following assays were performed: fibrinopeptide A (FPA), prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and D dimer (D-D). The assays were carried out on 6 of the patients to whom a saline infusion was administered. Only a mild statistically significant increase was found in FPA levels at 1 h after injection of the contrast medium (mean and CI 95%: T0 4.4, 3.7-5.5; T1 6.0, 4.9-9.1; p = 0.003). F1+2, TAT and D-D did not show any significant change after the injection. These findings show that after injection of iohexol, only a mild, though statistically significant, increase in FPA levels was observed as an expression of increased thrombin activity. In the absence of any significant increases in TAT, F 1+2 and D-D, we have no evidence of a prethrombotic state.