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Your search keyword '"Cardona, Carol J"' showing total 308 results
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308 results on '"Cardona, Carol J"'

2. Spatiotemporal changes in influenza A virus prevalence among wild waterfowl inhabiting the continental United States throughout the annual cycle

Author

Kent, Cody M., Ramey, Andrew M., Ackerman, Joshua T., Bahl, Justin, Bevins, Sarah N., Bowman, Andrew S., Boyce, Walter M., Cardona, Carol J., Casazza, Michael L., Cline, Troy D., E. De La Cruz, Susan, Hall, Jeffrey S., Hill, Nichola J., Ip, Hon S., Krauss, Scott, Mullinax, Jennifer M., Nolting, Jacqueline M., Plancarte, Magdalena, Poulson, Rebecca L., Runstadler, Jonathan A., Slemons, Richard D., Stallknecht, David E., Sullivan, Jeffery D., Takekawa, John Y., Webby, Richard J., Webster, Robert G., and Prosser, Diann J.

Published
2022
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13. Implementing poultry vaccination and biosecurity at the village level in Tanzania: a social strategy to promote health in free-range poultry populations

Author

Msoffe, Peter L., Bunn, David, Muhairwa, A. P., Mtambo, M. M., Mwamhehe, H., Msago, A., Mlozi, M. R., and Cardona, Carol J.

Subjects
Life Sciences, Veterinary Medicine, Zoology, Biosecurity, Community animal health, Newcastle disease, Poultry vaccination, Village chicken
Abstract

A social strategy was tested for implementing Newcastle disease (ND) vaccination and biosecurity improvements among free-ranging chicken at village level in Tanzania. In addition to training the local poultry vaccinators, data recorders and poultry-keepers, the strategy involved training and empowering leaders at the district, ward and village level. The trainings covered poultry health, management, and marketing of village chickens, with an emphasis on ND vaccination and improving biosecurity against avian influenza (AI), The study sites included villages in one ward in each of three each three districts (Iringa, Mtwara-Mikindani, and Mvomero) of mainland Tanzania. Ninety-six local leaders at district level and 101 leaders at ward levels were trained. In addition, 196 farmers (households) were trained, as well as 86 vaccinators and 26 data recorders. Data recorders were also trained as poultry first aid workers. ND vaccination was conducted by the vaccinators, supervised by their local leaders with technical assistance from veterinarians. A total of 158,343 village chickens were vaccinated in three rounds of vaccination three months apart. The training and empowerment of local leaders and local implementers was the key element for success as it fostered the feeling of local ownership of the program and prevented conflicts with other development activities within the villages. We conclude that most animal health programs will increase their odds of success by involving local leaders and by addressing the current challenges facing the farmers. Further assessment on the usefulness of this approach is needed.

Published
2010

38. African swine fever detection and transmission estimates using homogeneous versus heterogeneous model formulation in stochastic simulations within pig premises.

Author

Ssematimba, Amos, Malladi, Sasidhar, Bonney, Peter J., St. Charles, Kaitlyn M., Boyer, Timothy C., Goldsmith, Timothy, Cardona, Carol J., Corzo, Cesar A., and Culhane, Marie R.

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever, STOCHASTIC models, ANIMAL diseases, SWINE housing, SWINE breeding, SWINE diseases, SWINE industry, SWINE farms
Abstract

Background: African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important foreign animal diseases to the U.S. swine industry. Stakeholders in the swine production sector are on high alert as they witness the devastation of ongoing outbreaks in some of its most important trade partner countries. Efforts to improve preparedness for ASF outbreak management are proceeding in earnest and mathematical modeling is an integral part of these efforts. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact on within-herd transmission dynamics of ASF when the models used to simulate transmission assume there is homogeneous mixing of animals within a barn. Methods: Barn-level heterogeneity was explicitly captured using a stochastic, individual pig-based, heterogeneous transmission model that considers three types of infection transmission, (1) within-pen via nose-to-nose contact; (2) between-pen via nose-to-nose contact with pigs in adjacent pens; and (3) both between- and within-pen via distance-independent mechanisms (e.g., via fomites). Predictions were compared between the heterogeneous and the homogeneous Gillespie models. Results: Results showed that the predicted mean number of infectious pigs at specific time points differed greatly between the homogeneous and heterogeneous models for scenarios with low levels of between-pen contacts via distance-independent pathways and the differences between the two model predictions were more pronounced for the slow contact rate scenario. The heterogeneous transmission model results also showed that it may take significantly longer to detect ASF, particularly in large barns when transmission predominantly occurs via nose-to-nose contact between pigs in adjacent pens. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for completing preliminary explorations when working with homogeneous mixing models to ascertain their suitability to predict disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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46. Invasions by Eurasian avian influenza virus H6 genes and replacement of the virus' North American clade

Author

zu Dohna, Heinrich, Li, Jinling, Cardona, Carol J., Miller, Joy, and Carpenter, Tim E.

Subjects
Avian influenza -- Causes of, Avian influenza -- Research, Influenza viruses -- Genetic aspects, Influenza viruses -- Health aspects, Influenza viruses -- Research, Genes -- Research
Abstract

The transboundary expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV) (H5N1) in 2005 increased the interest in global AIV spread by wild birds (1,2). Although the degree to which wild [...]

Published
2009
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49. Marek's disease virus Meq transforms chicken cells via the v-Jun transcriptional cascade: a converging transforming pathway for avian oncoviruses

Author

Levy, Alon M., Gilad, Oren, Xia, Liang, Izumiya, Yoshihiro, Choi, Jonathan, Tsalenko, Anya, Yakhini, Zohar, Witter, Richard, Lee, Lucy, Cardona, Carol J., and Kung, Hsing-Jien

Subjects
Marek's disease -- Research, Chickens -- Research, Chickens -- Diseases and pests, Herpesviruses -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly pathogenic and oncogenic herpesvirus of chickens. MDV encodes a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein, Meq (MDV EcoQ). The bZIP domain of Meq shares homology with Jun/Fos, whereas the transactivation/repressor domain is entirely different. Increasing evidence suggests that Meq is the oncoprotein of MDV. Direct evidence that Meq transforms chicken cells and the underlying mechanism, however, remain completely unknown. Taking advantage of the DF-1 chicken embryo fibroblast transformation system, a well established model for studying avian sarcoma and leukemia oncogenes, we probed the transformation properties and pathways of Meq. We found that Meq transforms DF-1, with a cell morphology akin to v-Jun and v-Ski transformed cells, and protects DF-1 from apoptosis, and the transformed cells are tumorigenic in chorioallantoic membrane assay. Significantly, using microarray and RT-PCR analyses, we have identified up-regulated genes such as JTAP-1, JAC, and HB-EGF, which belong to the v-Jun transforming pathway. In addition, c-Jun was found to form stable dimers with Meq and colocalize with it in the transformed cells. RNA interference to Meq and c-Jun down-modulated the expression of these genes and reduced the growth of the transformed DF-1, suggesting that Meq transforms chicken cells by pirating the Jun pathway. These data suggest that avian herpesvirus and retrovirus oncogenes use a similar strategy in transformation and oncogenesis. herpesvirus

Published
2005

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