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4. The aging process in prison: pathologies and health conditions in old inmates. An epidemiological research in Italy

Author

Romano, C. A., Ravagnani, L., Convertini, A., Dassisti, L., Fanizza, A. R., Misceo, F., Corbi, G., Campobasso, C. P., Tafuri, S., Bianchi, F. P., Ferrannini, L., Ferrara, N., Grattagliano, I., Romano, Ca, Ravagnani, L, Convertini, A, Dassisti, L, Fanizza, Ar, Misceo, F, Corbi, Gm, Campobasso, Cp, Tafuri, S, Bianchi, Fp, Ferrannini, L, Ferrara, N, Grattagliano, I., Romano, C. A., Ravagnani, L., Convertini, A., Dassisti, L., Fanizza, A. R., Misceo, F., Corbi, G. M., Campobasso, C. P., Tafuri, S., Bianchi, F. P., Ferrannini, L., and Ferrara, N.

Subjects
Cross-Sectional Studie, Male, Aging, Pathologie, Prisons, Health Status, Prisoners, Prison, social sciences, Middle Aged, Disease, Elderly, Health, Pathologies, Health Statu, Cross-Sectional Studies, Italy, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Stress, Psychological, Aged, Human
Abstract

Background and aims: Elderly may suffer from different pathologies during their detention in jail because of their age. Conditions in jails were tough and adapting to that life could be problematic for the elder population. This article aimed to analyse the pathologies and health conditions in a sample of elder inmates from Italy. Methods: The sample was composed by 94 elderly inmates. The research is multicentric. We selected jails from the cities of Bari, Taranto, Foggia, Lecce, Brescia, Bergamo, Cremona and Mantua. The study was conducted by interviewing the prisoners over 60 years of age, in the period between September and December 2017. Results: 64% of the sample was in a "Not Optimal" health status. Most of pathologies were Cardiac pathologies (23.4%), Diabetes (12.8 %) and Surgery (9.6%). Statistically significant differences were found for heart disease (p=0.02) and Neoplasia (p=0.025) in the prison of Bari compared to all the other prisons. Statistically significant differences were found for Hypertension in Foggia and Taranto prisons compared to all the other (p=0.023). Furthermore, 18.1% of inmates ended up having an addiction. Conclusions: Our analysis showed that in our sample physical problems were more frequent than psychological one. In fact, in spite of in the literature there was a high prevalence of mental health problems among elderly inmates, we did not find this result. However, stress conditions may increase the risk of pathologies: for example, being in jail and adapt to new hard environment may increase the risk of getting sick. Heart disease pathologies and diabetes were very common in our sample as confirmed by the literature.

Published
2020

5. Age estimation using the third molar maturity index (I3M). The holistic approach and a bioethical perspective

Author

De Micco F., Campobasso C. P., R. Cameriere, De Micco, F., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
Third molar maturity index, holistic approach, unaccompanied minors
Abstract

Age estimation of the living is a central focus of forensic anthropology and one of the most popular topics in forensic research. Around the world there is a growing demand for age estimation of living mostly related to the global increase in migration movements. At the end-2019, 79.5 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, violence, or human rights violations. 153.300 are unaccompanied minors (UM) but these data are significantly underestimated. Children below 18 years of age seem to be quite half of the total refugee population. Minor usually is a person below the age of 18 years. This is the age of majority in European Union (EU), which legally divided childhood from adulthood. According to EU regulations, Unaccompanied minor (UM) is “a minor who arrives on the territory of the Member States unaccompanied by an adult responsible for him/her whether by law or by the practice of the Member State concerned, and for as long as he/she is not effectively taken into the care of such a person; it includes a minor who is left unaccompanied after he/she has entered the territory of the Member States”. In 2019, 13.800 asylum seekers in the EU were considered to be UM, 85% were males and two-thirds were aged 16 to 17. The range of countries from which UM come is extremely wide: over half of UM were citizens of six countries (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, Somalia, Guinea and Iraq) and only half of the children under 5 years old has their births registered. UM status implies special assistance and child rights protection including the appointment of a guardian/representative to act in the best interest of the child, accommodation in special facilities for minors, tailored healthcare services, automatic access to education with a personalized learning plan, social welfare assistance and integration plans. In this context, age assessment has a considerable importance because a child incorrectly assessed as an adult may be in danger if placed within an adult environment, while placing an adult incorrectly in a children’s environment may expose children to risks. Nonetheless, there are important questions about ethical and legal issues that continue to arise regarding age estimation in the living person.

Published
2020

6. A database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake in Central Italy

Author

Villani, Fabio, Civico, Riccardo, Pucci, Stefano, Pizzimenti, Luca, Nappi, Rosa, De Martini, Paolo Marco, Agosta, F., Alessio, G., Alfonsi, L., Amanti, M., Amoroso, S., Aringoli, D., Auciello, E., Azzaro, R., Baize, S., Bello, S., Benedetti, L., Bertagnini, A., Binda, G., Bisson, M., Blumetti, A.M., Bonadeo, L., Boncio, P., Bornemann, P., Branca, S., Braun, T., Brozzetti, F., Brunori, C.A., Burrato, P., Caciagli, M., Campobasso, C., Carafa, M., Cinti, F.R., Cirillo, D., Comerci, V., Cucci, L., De Ritis, R., Deiana, G., Del Carlo, P., Del Rio, L., Delorme, A., Di Manna, P., Di Naccio, D., Falconi, L., Falcucci, E., Farabollini, P., Faure Walker, J.P., Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M.F., Ferry, M., Feuillet, N., Fleury, J., Fracassi, U., Frigerio, C., Galluzzo, F., Gambillara, R., Gaudiosi, G., Goodall, H., Gori, S., Gregory, L.C., Guerrieri, L., Hailemikael, S., Hollingsworth, J., Iezzi, F., Invernizzi, C., Jablonská, D., Jacques, E., Jomard, H., Kastelic, V., Klinger, Y., Lavecchia, G., Leclerc, F., Liberi, F., Lisi, A., Livio, F., Lo Sardo, L., Malet, J.P., Mariucci, M.T., Materazzi, M., Maubant, L., Mazzarini, F., McCaffrey, K.J.W., Michetti, A.M., Mildon, Z.K., Montone, P., Moro, M., Nave, R., Odin, M., Pace, B., Paggi, S., Pagliuca, N., Pambianchi, G., Pantosti, D., Patera, A., Pérouse, E., Pezzo, G., Piccardi, L., Pierantoni, P.P., Pignone, M., Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, E., Point, J., Pousse, L., Pozzi, A., Proposito, M., Puglisi, C., Puliti, I., Ricci, T., Ripamonti, L., Rizza, M., Roberts, G.P., Roncoroni, M., Sapia, V., Saroli, M., Sciarra, A., Scotti, O., Skupinski, G., Smedile, A., Soquet, A., Tarabusi, G., Tarquini, S., Terrana, S., Tesson, J., Tondi, E., Valentini, A., Vallone, R., Van der Woerd, J., Vannoli, P., Venuti, A., Vittori, E., Volatili, T., Wedmore, L.N.J., Wilkinson, M., Zambrano, M., Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Palermo (INGV), Istituto sull’Inquinamento Atmosferico (CNR-IIA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche [Modena], Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia – Sezione di Pisa (INGV), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Departimento di Scienze della Terra [Camerino], Università di Camerino (UNICAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Puglisi, C., Proposito, M., Hailemikael, S., Falconi, L., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Villani, F., Civico, R., Pucci, S., Pizzimenti, L., Nappi, R., De Martini, P. M., Agosta, F., Alessio, G., Alfonsi, L., Amanti, M., Amoroso, S., Aringoli, D., Auciello, E., Azzaro, R., Baize, S., Bello, S., Benedetti, L., Bertagnini, A., Binda, G., Bisson, M., Blumetti, A. M., Bonadeo, L., Boncio, P., Bornemann, P., Branca, S., Braun, T., Brozzetti, F., Brunori, C. A., Burrato, P., Caciagli, M., Campobasso, C., Carafa, M., Cinti, F. R., Cirillo, D., Comerci, V., Cucci, L., De Ritis, R., Deiana, G., Del Carlo, P., Del Rio, L., Delorme, A., Di Manna, P., Di Naccio, D., Falcucci, E., Farabollini, P., Faure Walker, J. P., Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M. F., Ferry, M., Feuillet, N., Fleury, J., Fracassi, U., Frigerio, C., Galluzzo, F., Gambillara, R., Gaudiosi, G., Goodall, H., Gori, S., Gregory, L. C., Guerrieri, L., Hollingsworth, J., Iezzi, F., Invernizzi, C., Jablonska, D., Jacques, E., Jomard, H., Kastelic, V., Klinger, Y., Lavecchia, G., Leclerc, F., Liberi, F., Lisi, A., Livio, F., Sardo, L., Malet, J. P., Mariucci, M. T., Materazzi, M., Maubant, L., Mazzarini, F., Mccaffrey, K. J. W., Michetti, A. M., Mildon, Z. K., Montone, P., Moro, M., Nave, R., Odin, M., Pace, B., Paggi, S., Pagliuca, N., Pambianchi, G., Pantosti, D., Patera, A., Perouse, E., Pezzo, G., Piccardi, L., Pierantoni, P. P., Pignone, M., Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, E., Point, J., Pousse, L., Pozzi, A., Puliti, I., Ricci, T., Ripamonti, L., Rizza, M., Roberts, G. P., Roncoroni, M., Sapia, V., Saroli, M., Sciarra, A., Scotti, O., Skupinski, G., Smedile, A., Soquet, A., Tarabusi, G., Tarquini, S., Terrana, S., Tesson, J., Tondi, E., Valentini, A., Vallone, R., Van Der Woerd, J., Vannoli, P., Venuti, A., Vittori, E., Volatili, T., Wedmore, L. N. J., Wilkinson, M., and Zambrano, M.

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, data collection, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Library and Information Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Education, 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake, Earthquakes, ground deformation process, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, surface faulting hazard, Central Apennines, Database, Landslide, data acquisition system, Extensional definition, Computer Science Applications, 13. Climate action, Homogeneous, Georeference, ground deformation process, data acquisition system, Central Apennines, 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, computer, Relevant information, Geology, Information Systems
Abstract

We provide a database of the coseismic geological surface effects following the Mw 6.5 Norcia earthquake that hit central Italy on 30 October 2016. This was one of the strongest seismic events to occur in Europe in the past thirty years, causing complex surface ruptures over an area of >400 km2. The database originated from the collaboration of several European teams (Open EMERGEO Working Group; about 130 researchers) coordinated by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. The observations were collected by performing detailed field surveys in the epicentral region in order to describe the geometry and kinematics of surface faulting, and subsequently of landslides and other secondary coseismic effects. The resulting database consists of homogeneous georeferenced records identifying 7323 observation points, each of which contains 18 numeric and string fields of relevant information. This database will impact future earthquake studies focused on modelling of the seismic processes in active extensional settings, updating probabilistic estimates of slip distribution, and assessing the hazard of surface faulting.

Published
2018
Full Text
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7. Surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 M w 6.5 Norcia earthquake, central Italy

Author

Civico, R., Pucci, S., Villani, F., Pizzimenti, L., De Martini, P. M., Nappi, R., Agosta, F., Alessio, G., Alfonsi, L., Amanti, M., Amoroso, S., Aringoli, D., Auciello, E., Azzaro, R., Baize, S., Bello, S., Benedetti, L., Bertagnini, A., Binda, G., Bisson, M., Blumetti, A. M., Bonadeo, L., Boncio, P., Bornemann, P., Branca, S., Braun, T., Brozzetti, F., Brunori, C. A., Burrato, P., Caciagli, M., Campobasso, C., Carafa, M., Cinti, F. R., Cirillo, D., Comerci, V., Cucci, L., De Ritis, R., Deiana, G., Del Carlo, P., Del Rio, L., Delorme, A., Di Manna, P., Di Naccio, D., Falconi, L., Falcucci, E., Farabollini, P., Faure Walker, J. P., Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M. F., Ferry, M., Feuillet, N., Fleury, J., Fracassi, U., Frigerio, C., Galluzzo, F., Gambillara, R., Gaudiosi, G., Goodall, H., Gori, S., Gregory, L. C., Guerrieri, L., Hailemikael, S., Iezzi, F., Invernizzi, C., Jablonská, D., Jacques, E., Jomard, H., Kastelic, V., Klinger, Y., Lavecchia, G., Leclerc, F., Liberi, F., Lisi, A., Livio, F., Lo Sardo, L., Malet, J. P., Mariucci, M. T., Materazzi, M., Mazzarini, F., Mccaffrey, K. J. W., Michetti, A. M., Mildon, Z. K., Montone, P., Moro, M., Nave, R., Odin, M., Pace, B., Paggi, S., Pagliuca, N., Pambianchi, G., Pantosti, D., Patera, A., Pérouse, E., Pezzo, G., Piccardi, L., Pierantoni, P. P., Pignone, M., Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, E., Point, J., Pozzi, A., Proposito, M., Puglisi, C., Puliti, I., Ricci, T., Ripamonti, Licia, Rizza, M., Roberts, G. P., Roncoroni, M., Sapia, V., Saroli, M., Sciarra, A., Scotti, O., Skupinski, G., Smedile, A., Tarabusi, G., Tarquini, S., Terrana, S., Tesson, J., Tondi, E., Valentini, A., Vallone, R., Van der Woerd, J., Vannoli, P., Venuti, A., Vittori, E., Volatili, T., Wedmore, L. N. J., Wilkinson, M., Zambrano, M., Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia [Bologna] ( INGV ), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Hailemikael, S., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agosta, F., Alessio, G., Alfonsi, L., Amanti, M., Amoroso, S., Aringoli, D., Auciello, E., Azzaro, R., Baize, S., Bello, S., Benedetti, L., Bertagnini, A., Binda, G., Bisson, M., Blumetti, A. M., Bonadeo, L., Boncio, P., Bornemann, P., Branca, S., Braun, T., Brozzetti, F., Brunori, C. A., Burrato, P., Caciagli, M., Campobasso, C., Carafa, M., Cinti, F. R., Cirillo, D., Comerci, V., Cucci, L., De Ritis, R., Deiana, G., Del Carlo, P., Del Rio, L., Delorme, A., Di Manna, P., Di Naccio, D., Falconi, L., Falcucci, E., Farabollini, P., Faure Walker, J. P., Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M. F., Ferry, M., Feuillet1, N., Fleury, J., Fracassi, U., Frigerio, C., Galluzzo, F., Gambillara, R., Gaudiosi, G., Goodall, H., Gori, S., Gregory, L. C., Guerrieri, L., Iezzi, F., Invernizzi, C., Jablonská, D., Jacques, E., Jomard, H., Kastelic, V., Klinger, Y., Lavecchia, G., Leclerc, F., Liberi, F., Lisi, A., Livio, F., Lo Sard8, L., Malet, J. P., Mariucci, M. T., Materazzi5, M., Mazzarini, F., Mccaffrey, K. J. W., Michett, A. M., Mildon, Z. K., Montone, P., Moro, M., Nave, R., Odin, M., Pace, B., Paggi, S., Pagliuca, N., Pambianchi, G., Pantosti, D., Patera, A., Pérouse, E., Pezzo, G., Piccardi, L., Pierantoni, P. P., Pignone, M., Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, E., Point, J., Pozzi, A., Proposito, M., Puglisi, C., Puliti, I., Ricci, T., Ripamonti, L., Rizza, M., Roberts, G. P., Roncoroni, M., Sapia, V., Saroli, M., Sciarra, A., Scotti, O., Skupinski, G., Smedile, A., Tarabusi, G., Tarquini, S., Terrana, S., Tesson, J., Tondi, E., Valentini, A., Vallone, R., Van der Woerd, J., Vannoli, P., Venuti, A., Vittori, E., Volatili, T., Wedmore, L. N. J., Wilkinson, M., Zambrano, M., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Surface rupture, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Field data, Geography, Planning and Development, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Kinematics, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Surface faulting, geological prompt surveys, lcsh:G3180-9980, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), coseismic ruptures, normal faulting, 2016–2017 seismic sequence, central Italy, Coseismic rupture, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:Maps, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Geological prompt survey, 2016-2017 seismic sequence, Geological prompt surveys, Normal faulting, Coseismic ruptures, Central Italy, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Oblique case, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, es, 13. Climate action, Geology, Seismology
Abstract

We present a 1:25,000 scale map of the coseismic surface ruptures following the 30 October 2016 M-w 6.5 Norcia normal-faulting earthquake, central Italy. Detailed rupture mapping is based on almost 11,000 oblique photographs taken from helicopter flights, that has been verified and integrated with field data (>7000 measurements). Thanks to the common efforts of the Open EMERGEO Working Group (130 people, 25 research institutions and universities from Europe), we were able to document a complex surface faulting pattern with a dominant strike of N135 degrees-160 degrees (SW-dipping) and a subordinate strike of N320 degrees-345 degrees (NE-dipping) along about 28km of the active Mt. Vettore-Mt. Bove fault system. Geometric and kinematic characteristics of the rupture were observed and recorded along closely spaced, parallel or subparallel, overlapping or step-like synthetic and antithetic fault splays of the activated fault systems, comprising a total surface rupture length of approximately 46km when all ruptures were considered.

Published
2018
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9. Correction: A database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake in central Italy (Scientific Data, (2018) 5, 10.1038/sdata.2018.49)

Author

Villani, F., Civico, R., Pucci, S., Pizzimenti, L., Nappi, R., De Martini, P. M., Agosta, F., Alessio, G., Alfonsi, L., Amanti, M., Amoroso, S., Aringoli, D., Auciello, E., Azzaro, R., Baize, S., Bello, S., Benedetti, L., Bertagnini, A., Binda, G., Bisson, M., Blumetti, A. M., Bonadeo, L., Boncio, P., Bornemann, P., Branca, S., Braun, T., Brozzetti, F., Brunori, C. A., Burrato, P., Caciagli, M., Campobasso, C., Carafa, M., Cinti, F. R., Cirillo, D., Comerci, V., Cucci, L., De Ritis, R., Deiana, G., Del Carlo, P., Del Rio, L., Delorme, A., Di Manna, P., Di Naccio, D., Falconi, L., Falcucci, E., Farabollini, P., Faure Walker, J. P., Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M. F., Ferry, M., Feuillet, N., Fleury, J., Fracassi, U., Frigerio, C., Galluzzo, F., Gambillara, R., Gaudiosi, G., Goodall, H., Gori, S., Gregory, L. C., Guerrieri, L., Hailemikael, S., Hollingsworth, J., Iezzi, F., Invernizzi, C., Jablonska, D., Jacques, E., Jomard, H., Kastelic, V., Klinger, Y., Lavecchia, G., Leclerc, F., Liberi, F., Lisi, A., Livio, F., Lo Sardo, L., Malet, J. P., Mariucci, M. T., Materazzi, M., Maubant, L., Mazzarini, F., Mccaffrey, K. J. W., Michetti, A. M., Mildon, Z. K., Montone, P., Moro, M., Nave, R., Odin, M., Pace, B., Paggi, S., Pagliuca, N., Pambianchi, G., Pantosti, D., Patera, A., Perouse, E., Pezzo, G., Piccardi, L., Pierantoni, P. P., Pignone, M., Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, E., Point, J., Pousse, L., Pozzi, A., Proposito, M., Puglisi, C., Puliti, I., Ricci, T., Ripamonti, L., Rizza, M., Roberts, G. P., Roncoroni, M., Sapia, V., Saroli, M., Sciarra, A., Scotti, O., Skupinski, G., Smedile, A., Socquet, A., Tarabusi, G., Tarquini, S., Terrana, S., Tesson, J., Tondi, E., Valentini, A., Vallone, R., Van der Woerd, J., Vannoli, P., Venuti, A., Vittori, E., Volatili, T., Wedmore, L. N. J., Wilkinson, M., and Zambrano, M.

Published
2019

10. Publisher Correction: A database of the coseismic effects following the 30 October 2016 Norcia earthquake in central Italy (Scientific Data, (2018) 5, 10.1038/sdata.2018.49)

Author

Fabio, Villani, Riccardo, Civico, Stefano, Pucci, Luca, Pizzimenti, Rosa, Nappi, Paolo Marco De Martini, Agosta, Fabrizio, Giuliana, Alessio, Lucilla, Alfonsi, Marco, Amanti, Amoroso, S., Aringoli, Domenico, Auciello, E., Raffaele, Azzaro, Stéphane, Baize, Bello, S., Lucilla, Benedetti, Antonella, Bertagnini, Giulia, Binda, Bisson, M., Anna Maria Blumetti, Bonadeo, L., Paolo, Boncio, Philipp, Bornemann, Branca, S., Braun, Thomas R., Francesco, Brozzetti, Carlo Alberto Brunori, Pierfrancesco, Burrato, Marco, Caciagli, Campobasso, C., Carafa, Michele M. C., Francesca Romana Cinti, Domenico, Cirillo, Valerio, Comerci, Luigi, Cucci, Riccardo De Ritis, Graziella, Deiana, Paola Del Carlo, Luis Mercader del Río, Alain, Delorme, Pio Di Manna, Deborah Di Naccio, Laurel, Falconi, Emanuela, Falcucci, Farabollini, Piero, Joanna Faure Walker, Ferrarini, F., Ferrario, M. F., Matthieu, Ferry, Nathalie, Feuillet, Jules, Fleury, Umberto, Fracassi, Chiara, Frigerio, Frank, Galluzzo, Gambillara, R., Gaetano, Gaudiosi, Hollis, Goodall, Gori, S, Gregory, Laura C., Luca, Guerrieri, Salomon, Hailemikael, James, Hollingsworth, Francesca, Iezzi, Invernizzi, Maria Chiara, Jablonska, Danica, Evouna, Jacques, Hervé, Jomard, Vanja, Kastelic, Yann, Klinger, Giusy, Lavecchia, Frederique, Leclerc, Francesca, Liberi, Arianna, Lisi, Franz, Livio, Lorenzo Lo Sardo, Malet, J. P., Maria Teresa Mariucci, Materazzi, Marco, Maubant, L., Francesco, Mazzarini, Mccaffrey, K. J. W., Michetti, Alessandro Maria, Mildon, Z. K., Paola, Montone, Marco, Moro, Rosella, Nave, Marielle, Odin, Bruno, Pace, Sherman, Paggi, Nicola Mauro Pagliuca, Pambianchi, Gilberto, Daniela, Pantosti, Antonio, Patera, Eugénie, Pérouse, Giuseppe, Pezzo, Luigi, Piccardi, Pierantoni, Pietro Paolo, Maurizio, Pignone, Pinzi, S., Pistolesi, Eugenio, Point, J., Pousse, L., Alessia, Pozzi, Marco, Proposito, Puglisi, C., Puliti, I., Tullio, Ricci, Licia, Ripamonti, Magali, Rizza, Roberts, Gerald P., Roncoroni, M., Vincenzo, Sapia, Michele, Saroli, Alessandra, Sciarra, Oona, Scotti, Grzegorz, Skupinski, Smedile, A., Anne, Socquet, Gabriele, Tarabusi, Simone, Tarquini, Terrana, S., Jim, Tesson, Tondi, Emanuele, Alessio, Valentini, Roberta, Vallone, van der Woerd, J., Paola, Vannoli, Venuti, A., Eutizio, Vittori, Volatili, Tiziano, Wedmore, L. N. J., Max, E Wilkinson, and Melba, Zambrano

Published
2019

12. Sudden cardiac death in elderly: the post-mortem examination of senile myocardium and myocardial infarction

Author

Campobasso, C. P., Valentina Bugelli, Micco, F., Monticelli, F., Campobasso, Carlo Pietro, Bugelli, V, De Micco, F, and Monticelli, F.

Subjects
sudden cardiac death, senile myocardium, myocardial infarction, elder abuse
Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death globally. From a pathological perspective, the causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) are different in young individuals compared with older ones where chronic degenerative diseases predominate. Most patients with heart disease are elderly, but aging is not synonymous of disease. Many people live past the age of 65 up to 90 and over without evidence of cardiac diseases and in many autopsies of elderly individuals, no specific lesions can be discovered that provide a clear cause of cardiac death. Where age-related changes are observed and no other cardiovascular findings can be related to an arrhythmic or mechanical mechanism of SCD or to myocardial infarction (MI), the senile myocardial degeneration could be a quite acceptable cause of death. Age-associated changes in senile myocardium predispose to pathophysiological disease mechanisms and they can be a substantial substrate causing SCD even after acute emotional or physical stress as triggers of myocardial ischemia or arrhythmia. However, distinguishing the age-related physiological processes from the associated pathological changes and their role in a case of SCD is not always possible, since a heart failure (HF) can be the final cardiovascular aging pathway especially in elderly victims. Furthermore, unnatural deaths can be erroneously reported as natural deaths, leaving accidents or homicides undetected. The differentiation between sudden death and fatal elderly abuse is a difficult and critical diagnostic decision that needs a careful post-mortem investigation. To the best of our knowledge, there is no protocol for distinguishing SCD from elderly abuse fatalities. A specific protocol for sudden deaths also in elderly (similar to those already available for infant and child) could enhance the public and professional awareness on elder abuse fatalities as well as on the underlying mechanisms of cardiac deaths. In cases of sudden, unexpected deaths in healthy elderly, it is strongly suggested an accurate post-mortem investigation including a complete examination of clinical signs and medical history, toxicological and/or chemical laboratory tests, circumstantial data related also to the scene-of-the event.

Published
2017

13. SC20 - No matter for prostate sizes: Multicentric Italian Green Light photoselective vaporization study

Author

Campobasso, C., Marchioni, M., Greco, F., De Nunzio, C., Destefanis, P., Ricciardulli, S., Bergamaschi, F., Fasolis, G., Varvello, F., Voce, S., Palmieri, F., Divan, C., Malossini, G., Oriti, R., Tuccio, A., Ruggera, L., Tubaro, A., Delicato, G., Laganà, A., Dadone, C., Ditonno, P., De Rienzo, G., Frattini, A., Pucci, L., Carrino, M., Miano, R., Schips, L., Ferrari, G., and Cindolo, L.

Published
2019
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16. Oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis. Italian Endometriosis Study Group

Author

Parazzini, F., Ardovino, I., Struzziero, E., Zanardi, E., Pungetti, D., Mais, V., Aiossa, S., Mignemi, G., Di Leo, L., Bianchi, A., Campobasso, C., Scarselli, G., Bracco, G., Capetta, P., Bertulessi, C., Moroni, S., Mazza, P., Vercellini, P., Bacchi Modena, A., Cirziz, E., Casa, A., Primicerio, M., Massobrio, M., Ansaldi, C., Trossarelli, G., Gervasi, M. T., Marsoni, V., Guaschino, Secondo, Troiano, L., Ricci, Giuseppe, Beretta, P., Franchi, M., F., Parazzini, I., Ardovino, E., Struzziero, E., Zanardi, D., Pungetti, V., Mai, S., Aiossa, G., Mignemi, L., Di Leo, A., Bianchi, C., Campobasso, G., Scarselli, G., Bracco, P., Capetta, C., Bertulessi, S., Moroni, P., Mazza, P., Vercellini, A., Bacchi Modena, E., Cirziz, A., Casa, M., Primicerio, M., Massobrio, C., Ansaldi, G., Trossarelli, M. T., Gervasi, V., Marsoni, Guaschino, Secondo, L., Troiano, Ricci, Giuseppe, P., Beretta, and M., Franchi

Subjects
Adult, Oral, Contraceptive, female infertility, endometriosi, Endometriosis, Contraceptives, Pelvic Pain, endometriosis, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, Humans, Female, Infertility, Female, Contraceptives, Oral
Abstract

Objective. To analyse the association between use of oral contraception and risk of pelvic endometriosis. Design. We compared use of oral contraception in women with and without endometriosis. Participants. Eligible for the study were women with primary or secondary infertility (n = 393) or chronic pelvic pain (n = 424), requiring laparoscopy, consecutively observed between September 1995 and January 1996 in 15 obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Italy. Results. Out of the 817 women included in the study, 345 had a diagnosis of endometriosis; 164 (47.5%) women with endometriosis and 139 (29.4%) without the disease reported ever using oral contraception. In comparison with never users the estimated odds ratios (OR) of endometriosis were 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.3) in current users and 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.4) in ex-users. No clear relation emerged between duration of oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis. In comparison with never users, the OR was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.0) for women reporting their last use of oral contraception < 5 years before interview and 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) for those reporting their last use ≥ 5 years before interview. Conclusions. The study suggests that oral contraception is associated with an increased risk of endometriosis but this finding is based on a selected population and cannot generalised to all women with endometriosis.

Published
1999

17. Risk factors for pelvic endometriosis in women with pelvic pain or infertility. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dell' endometriosi

Author

Parazzini, F., Ardovino, I., Struzziero, E., Zanardi, E., Pungetti, D., Mais, V., Aiossa, S., Mignemi, G., Di Leo, L., Bianchi, A., Campobasso, C., Scarselli, G., Bracco, G., Capetta, P., Bertulessi, C., Moroni, S., Mazza, P., Vercellini, P., Crosignani, P. G., Bacchi Modena, A., Casa, A., Massobrio, M., Ansaldi, C., Trossarelli, G., Gervasi, M. T., Marsoni, V., Guaschino, Secondo, Troiano, L., Ricci, Giuseppe, Beretta, P., Franchi, M., F., Parazzini, I., Ardovino, E., Struzziero, E., Zanardi, D., Pungetti, V., Mai, S., Aiossa, G., Mignemi, L., Di Leo, A., Bianchi, C., Campobasso, G., Scarselli, G., Bracco, P., Capetta, C., Bertulessi, S., Moroni, P., Mazza, P., Vercellini, P. G., Crosignani, A., Bacchi Modena, A., Casa, M., Massobrio, C., Ansaldi, G., Trossarelli, M. T., Gervasi, V., Marsoni, Guaschino, Secondo, L., Troiano, Ricci, Giuseppe, P., Beretta, and M., Franchi

Subjects
Adult, Endometriosis, Menstrual characteristics, Reproductive factors, Likelihood Functions, Pelvic Pain, Logistic Models, Female, Humans, Infertility, Female, Reproductive History, Risk Factors, Infertility, Endometriosi, Menstrual characteristic
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyse the relationship between selected characteristics and risk of pelvic endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN: Eligible for the study were 817 women with primary or secondary infertility or pelvic pain requiring laparoscopy. Of these, 393 were included for infertility and 424 for pelvic pain. RESULTS: A total of 345 (42.2%) had a diagnosis of endometriosis and 472 did not have the disease. Multiparous women had endometriosis less frequently than nulliparous, the estimated odds ratios (OR) were respectively 0.9 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.5-1.6) and 0.4 (95% CI 0.2-0.7) in women reporting one and two or more births. In comparison with women reporting no spontaneous abortion, the estimated OR was 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.5) in those who reported > or =1 miscarriage. In comparison with women reporting menstrual cycles lasting > or =25 days subjects with totally irregular menstrual cycles had a reduced risk of endometriosis (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9). No significant association emerged between smoking, age at menarche and risk of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: this study confirms, with a different methodological approach to previously published studies, that multiparity, a history of abortion and lifelong irregular menstrual pattern decrease the risk of endometriosis in women with pelvic pain and infertility.

Published
1999

18. Oral contraceptive use and risk of endometriosis

Author

Parazzini, F, Di Cintio, E, Chatenoud, L, Moroni, S, Mezzanotte, C, Crosignani, Pg, Ardovino, I., Struzziero, E., Zanardi, E., Pungetti, D., Mais, V., Ajossa, S., Mignemi, G., Di Leo, L., Bianchi, A., Campobasso, C., Scarselli, G., Bracco, G., Capetta, P., Bertulessi, C., Moroni, S., Mazza, P., Vercellini, P., Bacchi, A., Cirziz, E., Casa, A., Primicerio, M., Massobrio, Marco, Ansaldi, C., Trossarelli, Gian Franco, Gervasi, M. T., Marsoni, V., Guaschino, S., Troiano, L., Ricci, G., Beretta, P., and Franchi, M.

Published
1999

19. Using scapular measurements in regression formulae for the estimation of stature

Author

Campobasso, C. P., Giancarlo DI VELLA, Introna Jr, F., Campobasso, Carlo Pietro, Di Vella, G, and Introna, F. J. r.

Subjects
Male, multiple regression, forensic anthropology, Forensic anthropology, stature estimation, scapular measurements, personal identification, musculoskeletal system, Body Height, Scapula, stature, Humans, Regression Analysis, Female, Mathematics
Abstract

There are very few papers in forensic literature in which scapular dimensions have been used for estimation of living stature. Allowing the forensic duty to estimate the living stature of skeletal remains, using intact or fragmented scapulae, the Authors have performed multiple regression analysis between the measurements taken from 80 scapula (40 male and 40 female) belonging to a skeletal collection with anthropometric known data. Seven parameters (max length, max breadth, max acrocoracoid distance, length of acromion, max length of coracoid, length of glenoid cavity, width of glenoid cavity) have been recorded. By statistical analysis multiple and linear regressions have been obtained. The results show that living stature may be determined by using regression formulae of single or associated parameters taken from whole or fragmented scapulae. In absence of intact or fragmented long limb bones, scapula sample can be reliably employed for the estimation of stature in forensic practice.

Published
1998

21. Skeletal sex determination by scapular measurements

Author

Giancarlo DI VELLA, Campobasso, C. P., Dragone, M., Introna Jr, F., Di Vella, G, Campobasso, Carlo Pietro, Dragone, M, and Introna, F.

Subjects
Adult, Male, musculoskeletal diseases, acromion, Sex Determination Analysis, anthropometry, forensic medicine, sexd determination, Middle Aged, musculoskeletal system, Scapula, multivariate analysis, scapular measurements, Humans, Female, multivariate analysi, skeletal sex determination, discriminant functions, Aged
Abstract

Measurements of seven scapular parameters (max. length, max. breadth, max. distance acromion-coracoid, max. length of acromion, max. length of coracoid, length and breadth of glenoid cavity), taken from a known contemporary Italian (Apulian) skeletal population were analyzed to obtain sex determination by discriminant analysis. In the univariate analysis, the maximum scapular breadth shows the best discriminant attitude with lowest percentage of misclassification (8.75%). In the multivariate discriminant analysis it's possible to have a 95% correct sex determination using only three parameters (max. distance acromion-coracoid, maximum length of coracoid and length of glenoid cavity). The association of two measurements of glenoid cavity allows the determination of skeletal sex with 10% misclassification rate. The application of these measurements can therefore be considered quite useful in forensic investigation when just fragmented scapular remains are recovered.

Published
1994

26. P-43..

Author

Pansini, F., Bonaccorsi, G., Albertazzi, P., Zanotti, L., Valerio, A., Campobasso, C., Negri, C., Morano, D., Bagni, B., and Mollica, G.

Published
1997
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32. A Clue on the Skin: A Systematic Review on Immunohistochemical Analyses of the Ligature Mark

Author

Gelsomina Mansueto, Alessandro Feola, Pierluca Zangani, Antonietta Porzio, Anna Carfora, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Mansueto, G., Feola, A., Zangani, P., Porzio, A., Carfora, A., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
Hanging, Asphyxia, Suicide, Ligature mark, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Autopsy, Strangulation, Immunohistochemistry, Skin
Abstract

Background: A ligature mark is a common injury in cases of hanging or strangulation. Estimation of age and vitality of the ligature mark can be crucial for differentiating antemortem and postmortem wounds and to distinguish between simulated suicidal hanging or accidental strangulation to conceal a crime and not simulated events. The immunohistochemistry has been recommended by several Authors as a reliable tool to determine whether an injury was sustained during life or not. Unfortunately, no general agreement on the immunohistochemical markers to be used has been found among the scientific community. The aim of the study was to detect the type and function of the immunohistochemical markers useful in the assessment of the vitality and age of the ligature marks for routine diagnostics. Methods: Papers available on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were reviewed according to the PRISMA statement. Results: Only eight papers satisfied all the following inclusion criteria: full texts in English dealing with human ligature marks and immunohistochemistry published on impacted or indexed scientific journals. Conclusions: The assessment of the vitality of a ligature mark is still a challenging topic in forensic science. Under ideal conditions and in compliance with autopsy protocols, the diagnosis of death by hanging or strangulation on fresh bodies can be better supported by autopsy findings other than a ligature mark. The validation of immunohistochemical markers on large series could be of help in doubtful cases and differential diagnoses.

Published
2022

33. Variable levels of spike and ORF1ab RNA in post-mortem lung samples of SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects: comparison between ISH and RT-PCR

Author

Federica Zito Marino, Tiziana De Cristofaro, Massimo Varriale, Giuseppa Zannini, Andrea Ronchi, Elvira La Mantia, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Francesco De Micco, Pasquale Mascolo, Maurizio Municinò, Emilia Municinò, Francesco Vestini, Omero Pinto, Marta Moccia, Noè De Stefano, Oscar Nappi, Carmen Sementa, Giovanni Zotti, Lamberto Pianese, Carmela Giordano, Renato Franco, Zito Marino, F., De Cristofaro, T., Varriale, M., Zannini, G., Ronchi, A., La Mantia, E., Campobasso, C. P., De Micco, F., Mascolo, P., Municino, M., Municino, E., Vestini, F., Pinto, O., Moccia, M., De Stefano, N., Nappi, O., Sementa, C., Zotti, G., Pianese, L., Giordano, C., and Franco, R.

Subjects
Open reading frame (ORF1ab), Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, SARS-CoV-2, In situ hybridization (ISH), Post-mortem lung samples, Post-mortem lung sample, COVID-19, virus diseases, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Spike(S), Sensitivity and Specificity, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Humans, RNA, Viral, Original Article, Molecular Biology, Lung, In Situ Hybridization
Abstract

Post-mortem examination plays a pivotal role in understanding the pathobiology of the SARS-CoV-2; thus, the optimization of virus detection on the post-mortem formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is needed. Different techniques are available for the identification of the SARS-CoV-2, including reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and electron microscopy. The main goal of this study is to compare ISH versus RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 on post-mortem lung samples of positive deceased subjects. A total of 27 samples were analyzed by RT-PCR targeting different viral RNA sequences of SARS-CoV-2, including envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), and open reading frame (ORF1ab) genes and ISH targeting S and Orf1ab. All 27 cases showed the N gene amplification, 22 out of 27 the E gene amplification, 26 out of 27 the S gene amplification, and only 6 the ORF1ab gene amplification. The S ISH was positive only in 12 out of 26 cases positive by RT-PCR. The S ISH positive cases with strong and diffuse staining showed a correlation with low values of the number of the amplification cycles by S RT-PCR suggesting that ISH is a sensitive assay mainly in cases carrying high levels of S RNA. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that ISH assay has lower sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2 in FFPE compared to RT-PCR; however, it is able to localize the virus in the cellular context since it preserves the morphology. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00428-021-03262-8.

Published
2022

34. Suicide by Pesticide (Phorate) Ingestion: Case Report and Review of Literature

Author

Angela Simonelli, Anna Carfora, Pascale Basilicata, Bruno Liguori, Pasquale Mascolo, Fabio Policino, Massimo Niola, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Simonelli, A, Carfora, A, Basilicata Pascale, P, Liguori, B, Mascolo, P, Policino, F, Niola, M, Campobasso, Cp, Simonelli, A., Carfora, A., Basilicata, P., Liguori, B., Mascolo, P., Policino, F., Niola, M., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
Chemical Health and Safety, suicidal ingestion, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, phorate, pesticides, Toxicology, pesticide
Abstract

It has been estimated that approximately one in seven of all global suicides is due to pesticide self-poisoning, mostly in rural areas of developing countries. Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are a group of pesticides exerting their toxicological effects through non-reversible inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Among these compounds, phorate (thimet) is one of the most dangerous compounds, the use of which is restricted in many countries. A case of intentional suicide after phorate ingestion in a 24-year-old Bengali male is described. This is the second case of suicidal ingestion of phorate reported in the forensic literature, and the first presenting complete toxicological findings.

Published
2022

35. Sudden Unexpected Death Caused by Cardiac Metastasization from Histiocytic Sarcoma

Author

Paola Ciamarra, Anna CARFORA, Alessandro Feola, Mariavictoria De Simone, Carlo P Campobasso, Gelsomina MANSUETO, Feola, A., Ciamarra, P., De Simone, M., Carfora, A., Mansueto, G., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, haematological malignancie, sudden death, Case Report, lymphoma, arrhythmia, histiocytic sarcoma, autopsy, leukaemia, haematological malignancies, Medicine, myocarditis
Abstract

Background: Haematological malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukaemia, can have a variety of clinical manifestations. The most frequent cause of death from haematological malignancies is multiple organ failure due to neoplastic organ infiltration and/or septic shock. Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant nodal or extranodal tumour with histiocytic immunophenotype that originates from a lymphohematopoietic precursor. The patients with HS usually have a poor prognosis due to its aggressive clinical behaviour. Rare cases of undiagnosed sudden HS death have been described in the literature. Methods: A forensic autopsy of a 46-year-old white male who died at home suddenly and unexpectedly without warning conditions or known diseases. Gross analysis, histology and toxicology were also performed. Results: The diagnosis of HS of the ileum with secondary nodal and cardiac metastatization was made. Conclusions: A prompt diagnosis of HS in life is paramount because it can make a difference in prognostic outcomes.

Published
2021

36. A Descriptive Study on Causes of Death in Hospitalized Patients in an Acute General Hospital of Southern Italy during the Lockdown due to Covid-19 Outbreak

Author

Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Alessandro Feola, Pasquale Mascolo, Pierluca Zangani, Sebastiano Leone, Carmen Sementa, Bruno Della Pietra, Mascolo, P., Feola, A., Sementa, C., Leone, S., Zangani, P., Della Pietra, B., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Leadership and Management, COVID-19, mortality, RT-PCR, chest computed tomography, RT-PCR, lcsh:Medicine, Health Informatics, Article, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Health Information Management, Epidemiology, medicine, Clinical endpoint, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, Health Policy, Medical record, Mortality rate, lcsh:R, Outbreak, COVID-19, chest computed tomography, mortality, Radiological weapon, Emergency medicine, Descriptive research, business
Abstract

(1) Background: All deaths that occurred in a hospital of Southern Italy (&ldquo, San Giuseppe Moscati&rdquo, Hospital of Avellino) with medium jurisdiction (up to 425,000 citizens approximately) in the period from 9 March to 4 May 2020 were analyzed. The primary endpoint of the study was to analyze the causes of death in the period study. Secondary endpoints included: (1) the assessment of overall mortality in the emergency period compared with the same period of the past years (2018&ndash, 2019) in the jurisdiction area, (2) the assessment of the amounts of deaths with positive and negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs, (3) the frequency of clinical and radiological features consistent with Covid-19 infection in negative RT-PCR cases. (2) Methods: Patients&rsquo, information and laboratory data were collected through the computerized medical record system (My Hospital, Italy) used for the clinical management of all referring patients. Epidemiological, clinical, and radiological data were reviewed along with the results of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. (3) Results: From 9 March to 4 May 2020, 140 deaths (87 males, 53 females) from all causes occurred in total at &ldquo, Hospital, of which 32 deaths were Covid-19 related. (4) Conclusions: The excess of mortality could be higher than the one reported in the official epidemiological surveys. False negative cases can have a distorting effect on the assessment of the real mortality rate and the excess mortality. Furthermore, many who died from Covid-19 were likely never tested or they had false negative RT-PCR results. Other victims probably died from causes indirectly related to Covid-19.

Published
2021
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37. Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome: Medico-legal issues

Author

Pasquale Mascolo, Bruno Liguori, Davide Famularo, Pierluca Zangani, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Alessandro Feola, Gelsomina Mansueto, Mascolo, P., Feola, A., Zangani, P., Famularo, D., Liguori, B., Mansueto, G., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
Medico legal, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, ADRENAL HAEMORRHAGE, K5000-5582, business.industry, Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal infection, Medical malpractice, Autopsy, Primary care, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Bilateral adrenal haemorrhage, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Criminal law and procedure, Purpura, medicine, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome, Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

The Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS) is a pediatric emergency characterized by high mortality due to the combination of bilateral adrenal haemorrhage, meningococcal infection and cutaneous purpura. WFS often raises medico-legal problems related to missed or delayed diagnosis mainly related to the short clinical course, the sudden onset of symptoms and unexpected death. We report the death of a 2-year-old child who had no other pathologies. Death occurred quickly about 20 h after the first care visit. The forensic autopsy was ordered following the parental complaint for diagnostic delay in primary care. Clinical data, autopsy and histological findings were consistent for WFS by Neisseria meningitidis (NM) serotype B. Medical malpractice was excluded. WFS has a rapid clinical course. By the time fever and purpura are reported, it may be too late as thrombotic and bleeding complications may already be present.

Published
2021

38. Infections are a very dangerous affair: Enterobiasis and death

Author

Alessandro Feola, Emanuele Capasso, Mariavictoria De Simone, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Gelsomina Mansueto, Paola Ciamarra, Mansueto, G., De Simone, M., Ciamarra, P., Capasso, E., Feola, A., and Campobasso, C. P.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, Leadership and Management, Peritonitis, Health Informatics, Case Report, Disease, Cecum, Health Information Management, medicine, Enterobius, Infectious disease (athletes), Oxyuriasis, business.industry, Health Policy, medicine.disease, Dermatology, enterobiasi, Death, medicine.anatomical_structure, Forensic autopsy, Duodenum, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, enterobiasis, Anal itching
Abstract

Background: Enterobiasis or oxyuriasis from Enterobius vermicularis is an infection usually localized in the large bowel and cecum. Generally, the symptoms are characterized by anal itching, and intestinal or nervous disorders. Rarely, it is responsible for death. Methods: A forensic autopsy of a 52-year-old white male inmate who died 5 days after hospitalization was performed. Histological and toxicological analyses were also performed. Results: The death occurred by localization of Enterobius vermicularis in the duodenum and in the proximal ileum, with intestinal haemorrhage, inflammation, and peritonitis documented by histological examination. Conclusion: This is a common infectious disease, and can rarely occur with a fatal outcome, even in advanced populations. The lack of knowledge related to the rarity of death from enterobiasis disease can determine a dangerous concern.

Published
2021

39. Fifteen Shades of Grey: Combined Analysis of Genome-Wide SNP Data in Steppe and Mediterranean Grey Cattle Sheds New Light on the Molecular Basis of Coat Color

Author

Senczuk, Gabriele, Guerra, Lorenzo, Mastrangelo, Salvatore, Campobasso, Claudia, Zoubeyda, Kaouadji, Imane, Meghelli, Marletta, Donata, Kusza, Szilvia, Karsli, Taki, Gaouar, Semir, Pilla, Fabio, Ciani, Elena, Consortium, The Bovita, Senczuk G., Guerra L., Mastrangelo S., Campobasso C., Zoubeyda K., Imane M., Marletta D., Kusza S., Karsli T., Gaouar S.B.S., Pilla F., Ciani E., and The Bovita Consortium

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Coat, Genotype, lcsh:QH426-470, cattle, coat color, hair greying, pigmentation, selection signatures, SNPs, Biology, Breeding, Genome, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, selection signatures, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Settore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale E Miglioramento Genetico, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genetics, Animals, Gene Regulatory Networks, pigmentation, Selection, Genetic, Hair Color, Gene, Genetics (clinical), Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, coat color, Dichromatism, Gene Expression Profiling, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Phenotype, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, cattle, Cattle, Coat color, Hair greying, Pigmentation, Selection signatures, SNPs, hair greying, SNP array, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Coat color is among the most distinctive phenotypes in cattle. Worldwide, several breeds share peculiar coat color features such as the presence of a fawn pigmentation of the calf at birth, turning over time to grey, and sexual dichromatism. The aim of this study was to search for polymorphisms under differential selection by contrasting grey cattle breeds displaying the above phenotype with non-grey cattle breeds, and to identify the underlying genes. Using medium-density SNP array genotype data, a multi-cohort FST-outlier approach was adopted for a total of 60 pair-wise comparisons of the 15 grey with 4 non-grey cattle breeds (Angus, Limousin, Charolais, and Holstein), with the latter selected as representative of solid and piebald phenotypes, respectively. Overall, more than 50 candidate genes were detected, almost all were either directly or indirectly involved in pigmentation, and some of them were already known for their role in phenotypes related with hair graying in mammals. Notably, 17 relevant genes, including SDR16C5, MOS, SDCBP, and NSMAF, were located in a signal on BTA14 convergently observed in all the four considered scenarios. Overall, the key stages of pigmentation (melanocyte development, melanogenesis, and pigment trafficking/transfer) were all represented among the pleiotropic functions of the candidate genes, suggesting the complex nature of the grey phenotype in cattle.

Published
2020
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40. Skeletal age assessment by measuring planar projections of carpals and distal epiphyses of ulna and radius bones in a sample of South African subadults

Author

Ivan Galić, S. De Luca, Roberto Cameriere, N. Angelakopoulos, Federica Martino, F. De Micco, Erminia Coccia, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Angelakopoulos, N., Galic, I., De Luca, S., Campobasso, C. P., Martino, F., De Micco, F., Coccia, E., and Cameriere, R.

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, skeletal age, animal structures, Planar projection, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030216 legal & forensic medicine, 610 Medicine & health, Distal ulna, carpal bone, 010401 analytical chemistry, Ulna, Bone age, Radius, Anatomy, musculoskeletal system, nervous system diseases, 0104 chemical sciences, body regions, Carpal bones, medicine.anatomical_structure, Forensic science, carpal bones, Forensic sciences
Abstract

The ratio of the projection of the carpal bones (Bo), and the total area of the carpal bones to the distal ulna and radius epiphyses (Ca), or (Bo/Ca), is a quantitative method for assessing skeletal age in immature subjects. The Cameriere method, based on this ratio, was applied in two samples of 563 South African Black and White subadults (243 boys and 320 girls), aged between 7 and 16years. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), the Technical Error of Measurement (TEM) (absolute and relative values) and the Coefficient of Reliability (R) for both intra- and inter-examiner agreement were determined and compared. The accuracy was tested by assessing the Standard Error of Estimate (SEE). The results of SEE indicated a method error of 1.19years and 1.09years in boys and girls, respectively, and ranged from 0.84years in 12 year old girls to 3.09years in 16 year old boys. A one-way analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference in SA-CA between Blacks and Whites. This method is useful for this population but the results of SEE must be taken into account in forensic contexts and whenever this technique is applied.

Published
2020
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41. False accusations of sexual abuse as a mean of revenge in couple disputes

Author

Grattagliano I, Corbi G, Catanesi R, Ferrara N, Lisi A, CAMPOBASSO, Carlo Pietro, Grattagliano, I., Corbi, G., Catanesi, R., Ferrara, Nicola, Lisi, A., Campobasso, C. P., Grattagliano, I, Corbi, G, Catanesi, R, Ferrara, N, Lisi, A, and Campobasso, Carlo Pietro

Subjects
Male, child interview, Deception, Adolescent, Family Conflict, false accusations, false accusation, sexual abuse, Child Abuse, Sexual, parental alienation syndrome, Child, Preschool, Humans, Female, Child, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In forensic-psychiatric evaluations on a minor presumed victim of sexual abuse, one may come across "false positives" and "false negatives". The aim of this study was to examine the phenomenon of false sexual abuse as revenge by one ex-partner against the other, and to offer recommendations about how to avoid this risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors examined 75 technical consultations and expert testimonials in which intrafamilial sexual abuse of a minor was reported. RESULTS: Twenty two (30%) were found to be baseless and result of conflict, revenge of one partner upon the other. Of these 22, 5 involved men who accused their ex-wives and/or live-in partners. The remaining 17 cases involved charges by women against their ex- husbands, and/or live-in partners. CONCLUSIONS: Charges of abuse represent not only an instrument of protection of one's own children, but also a weapon of revenge against an ex-partner, putting these minors into the role of victims.

Published
2014

42. Elderly Residents at Risk for Being Victims or Offenders

Author

Graeme Yorston, Carlo Pietro Campobasso, Graziamaria Corbi, Nicola Ferrara, Ignazio Grattagliano, Roberto Catanesi, Corbi, G., Grattagliano, I., Catanesi, R., Ferrara, Nicola, Yorston, G., Campobasso, C. P., Corbi, G, Grattagliano, I, Catanesi, R, Ferrara, N, Yorston, G, and Campobasso, Carlo Pietro

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Nursing home, elderly offenders, sexual abuse, health care facilities, manpower, and services, Specific risk, Risk Assessment, Residential care, Elderly population, medicine, Humans, Elderly people, Child, Psychiatry, Crime Victims, General Nursing, Home for elderly, Aged, business.industry, Health Policy, Visitor pattern, Parkinson Disease, Child Abuse, Sexual, social sciences, General Medicine, humanities, Nursing Homes, Italy, Sexual abuse, elderly offender, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Basic needs, business
Abstract

"The phenomenon of elderly sexual offenders is poorly catalogued, and is especially complex. In institutions,. elderly people are often unrecognized victims of sexual abuse but are also at great risk for doing. abuse toward vulnerable victims like children. The lack of attention to an elder’s basic needs can. endanger or impair not only his or her health or safety but also that of other people living close together.. In this article, for the first time we describe an episode of sexual abuse realized by an institutionalized. patient toward a young visitor. This specific risk factor in a residential care home for elderly may lead to. a variety of negative behavioral outcomes, including the perpetration of child sexual offending. As the. elderly population will increase tremendously in the next years, it is necessary to better understand the. motivations and psychological factors relating to elderly sex offenders, to prevent these offenses, and to. define standards for surveillance of residents who are potential perpetrators"

Published
2012

43. Applications of Forensic Entomology in death investigation

Author

Campobasso, Carlo Pietro, vari, Introna F jr, Campobasso C., and Campobasso, Carlo Pietro

Subjects
death investigation, forensic entomology
Abstract

In most investigation systems there is still a great uncertainty on the value of insects as forensic indicators. Even if the important role of insects in human decay is well known and documented in literature, maggots crawling on bodies are still considered just another disgusting element of decay; something to be rinsed away as soon as the body is placed on the autopsy table. This skeptical behaviour of many pathologists and investigators, based mainly on the lack of knowledge of this discipline, is no more admissible. The entomological specimens must be considered a physical evidence as well blood stains, fingerprints, fibers or traces of other biological fluids and insects should be processed as evidence at the crime scene examination as well at the autopsy. The major goal of medicocriminal entomology is to contribute to the determination of the time since death because insects feeding on corpses can represent a suitable biological clock eventually corresponding to the minimum Post Mortem Interval (PMI). Often, the assessment of death chronology on badly decomposed bodies or skeletonized remains can be only made based on insects due to lack of information usually provided by a classical post mortem changes in such corpses. However, during the past decades the potential of forensic entomology has been largely documented by several case studies both in Europe and in USA. The techniques devised recently can allow expert in the field to collect strong entomological evidence and provide useful information in a death investigation not only on time since death but also on geographical location of death, time of dismemberment, submersion interval, inferences of trauma, post mortem artifacts, removal of remains, use of drugs cause and even more in linking a suspect to the scene of a crime, in child neglect, sexual molestations and identification of suspects. This presentation will show briefly several case studies as examples of the application of forensic entomology in death investigations

Published
2006

44. Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with an evolutionary trained bacteriophage cocktail exploiting phage resistance trade-offs.

Author

Kunisch F, Campobasso C, Wagemans J, Yildirim S, Chan BK, Schaudinn C, Lavigne R, Turner PE, Raschke MJ, Trampuz A, and Gonzalez Moreno M

Subjects
Pseudomonas Phages physiology, Pseudomonas Phages genetics, Humans, Phage Therapy methods, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Pseudomonas Infections therapy, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Host Specificity, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Pseudomonas aeruginosa virology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa physiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Biofilms growth & development, Bacteriophages physiology, Bacteriophages genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Abstract

Spread of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains threatens to render currently available antibiotics obsolete, with limited prospects for the development of new antibiotics. Lytic bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria, represent a path to combat this threat. In vitro-directed evolution is traditionally applied to expand the bacteriophage host range or increase bacterial suppression in planktonic cultures. However, while up to 80% of human microbial infections are biofilm-associated, research towards targeted improvement of bacteriophages' ability to combat biofilms remains scarce. This study aims at an in vitro biofilm evolution assay to improve multiple bacteriophage parameters in parallel and the optimisation of bacteriophage cocktail design by exploiting a bacterial bacteriophage resistance trade-off. The evolved bacteriophages show an expanded host spectrum, improved antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced antibiofilm performance, as assessed by isothermal microcalorimetry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Our two-phage cocktail reveals further improved antimicrobial efficacy without incurring dual-bacteriophage-resistance in treated bacteria. We anticipate this assay will allow a better understanding of phenotypic-genomic relationships in bacteriophages and enable the training of bacteriophages against other desired pathogens. This, in turn, will strengthen bacteriophage therapy as a treatment adjunct to improve clinical outcomes of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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45. Isolation and characterization of novel Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage Hesat from dairy origin.

Author

Turchi B, Campobasso C, Nardinocchi A, Wagemans J, Torracca B, Lood C, Di Giuseppe G, Nieri P, Bertelloni F, Turini L, Ruffo V, Lavigne R, and Di Luca M

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Sheep, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Genomics, Milk, Bacteriophages, Staphylococcal Infections
Abstract

A novel temperate phage, named Hesat, was isolated by the incubation of a dairy strain of Staphylococcus aureus belonging to spa-type t127 with either bovine or ovine milk. Hesat represents a new species of temperate phage within the Phietavirus genus of the Azeredovirinae subfamily. Its genome has a length of 43,129 bp and a GC content of 35.11% and contains 75 predicted ORFs, some of which linked to virulence. This includes (i) a pathogenicity island (SaPln2), homologous to the type II toxin-antitoxin system PemK/MazF family toxin; (ii) a DUF3113 protein (gp30) that is putatively involved in the derepression of the global repressor Stl; and (iii) a cluster coding for a PVL. Genomic analysis of the host strain indicates Hesat is a resident prophage. Interestingly, its induction was obtained by exposing the bacterium to milk, while the conventional mitomycin C-based approach failed. The host range of phage Hesat appears to be broad, as it was able to lyse 24 out of 30 tested S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, when tested at high titer (10 8 PFU/ml), Hesat phage was also able to lyse a Staphylococcus muscae isolate, a coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain. KEY POINTS: • A new phage species was isolated from a Staphylococcus aureus bovine strain. • Pathogenicity island and PVL genes are encoded within phage genome. • The phage is active against most of S. aureus strains from both animal and human origins., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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46. Skin surface debris as an archive of environmental traces: an investigation through the naked eye, episcopic microscope, ED-XRF, and SEM-EDX.

Author

Merelli V, Caccia G, Mazzarelli D, Franceschetti L, Paciello O, Bonizzoni L, Caccianiga M, Campobasso C, and Cattaneo C

Subjects
Humans, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, X-Rays, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Skin chemistry, Wounds, Gunshot
Abstract

Traces from bodies can be of various nature, for example of biological or inorganic origin. Some of these historically have received more consideration than others in forensic practice. Samplings of gunshot residues or biological fluid traces are commonly standardized, whereas macroscopically invisible environmental traces are usually ignored. This paper simulated the interaction between a cadaver and a crime scene by placing skin samples on the ground of five different workplaces and inside the trunk of a car. Traces on samples were then investigated through different approaches: the naked eye, episcopic microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF). The purpose is to provide the forensic scientist with the awareness of the value of debris on skin and then to highlight implications for forensic investigations. Results demonstrated that even naked eye observation can reveal useful trace materials, for defining the possible surrounding environment. As a next step, the episcopic microscope can increase the number of visible particulates and their analysis. In parallel, the ED-XRF spectroscopy can be useful to add a first chemical composition to the morphological data. Finally, the SEM-EDX analysis on small samples can provide the greatest morphological detail and the most complete chemical analysis, although limited, like the previous technique, to inorganic matrices. The analysis of debris on the skin, even with the difficulties due to the presence of contaminants, can provide information on the environments involved in criminal events that can add to the investigation framework., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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47. Phage-Based Control of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Galleria mellonella Model of Implant-Associated Infection.

Author

Materazzi A, Bottai D, Campobasso C, Klatt AB, Cesta N, De Masi M, Trampuz A, Tavanti A, and Di Luca M

Subjects
Animals, Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Biofilms, Larva microbiology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteriophages, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Moths microbiology
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus implant-associated infections are difficult to treat because of the ability of bacteria to form biofilm on medical devices. Here, the efficacy of Sb-1 to control or prevent S. aureus colonization on medical foreign bodies was investigated in a Galleria mellonella larval infection model. For colonization control assays, sterile K-wires were implanted into larva prolegs. After 2 days, larvae were infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300 and incubated at 37 °C for a further 2 days, when treatments with either daptomycin (4 mg/kg), Sb-1 (10 7 PFUs) or a combination of them (3 x/day) were started. For biofilm prevention assays, larvae were pre-treated with either vancomycin (10 mg/kg) or Sb-1 (10 7 PFUs) before the S. aureus infection. In both experimental settings, K-wires were explanted for colony counting two days after treatment. In comparison to the untreated control, more than a 4 log 10 CFU and 1 log 10 CFU reduction was observed on K-wires recovered from larvae treated with the Sb-1/daptomycin combination and with their singular administration, respectively. Moreover, pre-infection treatment with Sb-1 was found to prevent K-wire colonization, similarly to vancomycin. Taken together, the obtained results demonstrated the strong potential of the Sb-1 antibiotic combinatory administration or the Sb-1 pretreatment to control or prevent S. aureus -associated implant infections.

Published
2022
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49. The aging process in prison: pathologies and health conditions in old inmates. An epidemiological research in Italy.

Author

Romano CA, Ravagnani L, Convertini A, Dassisti L, Fanizza AR, Misceo F, Corbi GM, Campobasso CP, Tafuri S, Bianchi FP, Ferrannini L, Ferrara N, and Grattagliano I

Subjects
Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease, Female, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Stress, Psychological, Aging, Health Status, Prisoners
Abstract

Background and Aims: Elderly may suffer from different pathologies during their detention in jail because of their age. Conditions in jails were tough and adapting to that life could be problematic for the elder population. This article aimed to analyse the pathologies and health conditions in a sample of elder inmates from Italy., Methods: The sample was composed by 94 elderly inmates. The research is multicentric. We selected jails from the cities of Bari, Taranto, Foggia, Lecce, Brescia, Bergamo, Cremona and Mantua. The study was conducted by interviewing the prisoners over 60 years of age, in the period between September and December 2017., Results: 64% of the sample was in a "Not Optimal" health status. Most of pathologies were Cardiac pathologies (23.4%), Diabetes (12.8 %) and Surgery (9.6%). Statistically significant differences were found for heart disease (p=0.02) and Neoplasia (p=0.025) in the prison of Bari compared to all the other prisons. Statistically significant differences were found for Hypertension in Foggia and Taranto prisons compared to all the other (p=0.023). Furthermore, 18.1% of inmates ended up having an addiction., Conclusions: Our analysis showed that in our sample physical problems were more frequent than psychological one. In fact, in spite of in the literature there was a high prevalence of mental health problems among elderly inmates, we did not find this result. However, stress conditions may increase the risk of pathologies: for example, being in jail and adapt to new hard environment may increase the risk of getting sick. Heart disease pathologies and diabetes were very common in our sample as confirmed by the literature.

Published
2020
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50. Bodies in sequestered and non-sequestered aquatic environments: a comparative taphonomic study using decompositional scoring system.

Author

De Donno A, Campobasso CP, Santoro V, Leonardi S, Tafuri S, and Introna F

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Forensic Pathology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Temperature, Young Adult, Immersion, Postmortem Changes
Abstract

The study of decomposition by using accumulated degree days (ADDs) has been suggested not only in terrestrial decay but also for water-related deaths. Previous studies have demonstrated that the accumulation of thermal energy as a function of the post-mortem submersion interval (PMSI) can be derived from a descriptive decompositional scoring system (DSS). In order to verify how useful can the total aquatic decomposition score (TADS) for ADD prediction be, a comparative taphonomic study has been performed between two series of bodies: 16 corpses found floating in shallower waters with a presumptive PMSI from 3 to 118 days and exposed to water temperatures (Tw) between 10.5 and 20.3 °C approximately equating from a minimum of 46 to 1.392 ADD; 52 bodies, all victims of a single shipwreck, found in sequestered environments and subjected to constant Tw of 4 °C for 210 days approximately equating to 840 ADD. The two series of bodies have revealed different stages of decay and a large DSS variability. In most of bodies, freshly formed adipocere was able to delay the appearance of later decompositional stages explaining why most of the bodies were in relatively good condition. Although promising, the accuracy of the TADS model can be affected by adipocere and animal activity. The TADS model suffers of the same limitations for ADD calculations as they can give a false perception of accuracy due to the complexity of integrating all changing factors affecting human decay in sequestered and non-sequestered marine environments (currents, animal activity, water temperatures, depth of submersion)., (Copyright © 2014 Forensic Science Society. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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