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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of the COVID - 19 pandemic on abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) according to the PALM-COEIN classification. STUDY DESIGN: Patients who underwent surgical intervention due to AUB were categorized according to the PALM-COEIN classification, and the pandemic period was compared with the pre-pandemic period. RESULTS: During the COVID - 19 pandemic, an increase in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) was observed. This was statistically shown to be due to ovulatory dysfunction and endometrial problems (with p-values of 0.033 and 0.024, respectively). No significant changes were detected in categories including polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy, and iatrogenic causes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the relationship between COVID - 19, ovulatory dysfunction, and endometrial issues, several factors should be considered. These include direct inflammation of the ovarian and endometrial tissues, potential defects in endometrial repair mechanisms secondary to inflammation, changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, immunological effects of vaccination, systemic inflammatory responses affecting the ovary and endometrium, changes in inflammatory and immune mediators, and immune cell activation. Additionally, increased production of vasodilatory substances such as prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin, decreased production of local vasoconstrictors like prostaglandin F2α and endothelin-1, as well as increased plasminogen activator activity leading to enhanced thrombolysis and disruptions in endometrial hemostatic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Given the rapid deployment of telemedicine at the onset of the COVID - 19 pandemic, updated assessment methods are needed to study and characterize telemedicine programs. We developed a novel semi - structured survey instrument to systematically describe the characteristics and implementation processes of telemedicine programs in primary care. Methods In the context of a larger study aiming to describe telemedicine programs in primary care, a survey was developed in 3 iterative steps: 1) literature review to obtain a list of telemedicine features, facilitators, and barriers; 2) application of three evaluation frameworks; and 3) stakeholder engagement through a 2-stage feedback process. During survey refinement, items were tested against the evaluation frameworks while ensuring it could be completed within 20–25 min. Data reduction techniques were applied to explore opportunity for condensed variables/items. Results Sixty initially identified telemedicine features were reduced to 32 items / questions after stakeholder feedback. Per the life cycle framework, respondents are asked to report a month in which their telemedicine program reached a steady state, i.e., “maturation”. Subsequent questions on telemedicine features are then stratified by telemedicine services offered at the pandemic onset and the reported point of maturation. Several open - ended questions allow for additional telemedicine experiences to be captured. Data reduction techniques revealed no indication for data reduction. Conclusion This 32-item semi-structured survey standardizes the description of primary care telemedicine programs in terms of features as well as maturation process. This tool will facilitate evaluation of and comparisons between telemedicine programs across the United States, particularly those that were deployed at the pandemic onset.

The pandemic affected private tutorings' decrease in the number of students, which led to a financial crisis for the private tutoring. This research helps analyze and find optimal marketing strategies and their position in competition between private tutorings to increase registrants and income of private tutorings. Game theory is used to analyze marketing strategies using user preference data on the decision to select private tutorings. This study finds the optimal strategy and competitive position for private tutoring X is promotion, and private tutoring Y is a learning module. Recommendations are given to improve the marketing strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Given the rapid deployment of telemedicine at the onset of the COVID - 19 pandemic, updated assessment methods are needed to study and characterize telemedicine programs. We developed a novel semi - structured survey instrument to systematically describe the characteristics and implementation processes of telemedicine programs in primary care. Methods: In the context of a larger study aiming to describe telemedicine programs in primary care, a survey was developed in 3 iterative steps: 1) literature review to obtain a list of telemedicine features, facilitators, and barriers; 2) application of three evaluation frameworks; and 3) stakeholder engagement through a 2-stage feedback process. During survey refinement, items were tested against the evaluation frameworks while ensuring it could be completed within 20–25 min. Data reduction techniques were applied to explore opportunity for condensed variables/items. Results: Sixty initially identified telemedicine features were reduced to 32 items / questions after stakeholder feedback. Per the life cycle framework, respondents are asked to report a month in which their telemedicine program reached a steady state, i.e., "maturation". Subsequent questions on telemedicine features are then stratified by telemedicine services offered at the pandemic onset and the reported point of maturation. Several open - ended questions allow for additional telemedicine experiences to be captured. Data reduction techniques revealed no indication for data reduction. Conclusion: This 32-item semi-structured survey standardizes the description of primary care telemedicine programs in terms of features as well as maturation process. This tool will facilitate evaluation of and comparisons between telemedicine programs across the United States, particularly those that were deployed at the pandemic onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines changes in volatility clusters and volatility patterns using GARCH class models in the Netherlands stock market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and global financial crisis (GFC) pandemic. The movement pattern of the AEX stock market index during the sample period from January 3, 2000 to December 2, 2022 a daily closing adjusted prices considered for the empirical investigation. The global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic's effects are both included in the sample period. GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1), and EGARCH (1,1) models are part of the econometric framework. By adding further empirical data on the long-term behavior of the Netherlands stock market, this empirical study adds to the body of current literature. We find changes in volatility after the COVID – 19 pandemic period, sharp rise in the index levels and presence of leverage effect in returns.

The article discusses systemic and processual changes in provisions referring to the panels of judges in Poland. The statutory regulation adequate during the COVID-19 epidemic contains regulations whereby a single-judge panel is proper in the first and second instance. At the same time, the principle of invariability and stability of the courts' panel was exterminated. However, in case of Poland the protection of the dependent court, established with an extreme breach of law is protected by administrative and political decisions on shaping the court composition. Dogmatic legal analysis. The subject of the dogmatic legal analysis is the content of the law and its interpretations found in the jurisprudence and views of the doctrine. The court ‘shaped’ in such a way guarantees the expected ‘judgment’. There are fears that these standards of the highest judiciary bodies in Poland may spread among other courts which are managed by the presidents appointed by Justice Minister - General Prosecutor. Judges appointed in an illegal way will, by way of political decisions, be in particular court composition, and then talking about court independence will be completely untrue. Let's hope that COVID-19 pandemic will end soon. It is then necessary to make sure that all the restrictions on the right of recourse to court, introduced as a pretext to combat the pandemic, will be removed. Otherwise, the pandemic of lawlessness will stay with us much longer than Covid.

This study examines changes in volatility clusters and volatility patterns using GARCH class models in the Netherlands stock market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and global financial crisis (GFC) pandemic. The movement pattern of the AEX stock market index during the sample period from January 3, 2000 to December 2, 2022 a daily closing adjusted prices considered for the empirical investigation. The global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic's effects are both included in the sample period. GARCH (1,1), GJR (1,1), and EGARCH (1,1) models are part of the econometric framework. By adding further empirical data on the long-term behavior of the Netherlands stock market, this empirical study adds to the body of current literature. We find changes in volatility after the COVID - 19 pandemic period, sharp rise in the index levels and presence of leverage effect in returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to medication adherence plays a vital role in controlling the problems and complications of epilepsy. During the COVID - 19 pandemic and limitations of face-to-face education, the use of distance education can play an important role in providing education to patients. The aim of this study is the effect of model 5A self-management training on medication adherence in epileptic patients., Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 56 epileptic patients referred to Shiraz Namazi Hospital were divided into intervention and control groups using random allocation. Thereafter, 5A self - management training sessions were virtually held in 5 sessions in WhatsApp application for intervention group. The data collection tool was MMAS-8 at two stages of before and two months after intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 software., Results: The results of Wilcoxon test showed that in intervention group, the mean drug adherence in patients after intervention significantly increased compared to before intervention (p = 0.005). But in control group, this was not significant (p = 0.909). According to results of Mann-Whitney test, there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups before intervention (p = 0.632). However, by passing two months from intervention, a significant difference was found between intervention and control groups (p = 0.041)., Conclusions: Based on results, the implementation of model 5A can be effective on medication adherence in epileptic patients. This program can be considered as a suitable method in epileptic patients during COVID - 19 pandemic.

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients.

This research paper investigates the behaviour of Russian stock market for the sample period from January 2000 to April 2022. The econometric approach is based on the application of GARCH family models and on various tests and statistical methods. This empirical research also examines stylized facts and long-term volatility patterns for the Russian stock market. The empirical analysis was also focused on revealing the dynamics of the selected stock market under the impact of certain extreme events, such as: the recent conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the COVID - 19 pandemic, the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007 - 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resilience in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a crucial skill for college instructors to develop. Fortunately, the ability to 'bounce back" from trauma can be learned and/or strengthened. This article examines pandemic-related trauma and the psychological benefits that expressive writing offers. The author then presents a sequence of five expressive writing exercises designed to help college instructors identify the sources of trauma associated with COVID-19, reflect on their emotional responses to the pandemic, and build the resilience they need to persevere and thrive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background of the study: Learning system that had been previously carried out through face to face approach inside the class room switched to the online learning activities during the pandemic and the most common online methods of e - interaction are Webinars, via sharing online materials in Learning Management Systems and social media platforms such as Whatsapp. Tirziu&Vrabie (2015) stated that online learning has become a standard component of various courses, which improve students' attitudes and learning capability and make them to become more competent therefore, it is important to explore online learning capabilities that students have developed among themselves as a result of extensive exposure to online learning during COVID-19 epidemic. Objectives: This paper is based on above explained background therefore aimed to explore-learning capabilities that students have developed among themselves during the COVID19 pandemic. Methodology - Semi-structured interviews were conducted from 30 selected respondents based on a developed interview guide. A thematic analysis was then carried out with the interview transcriptions and coding was done based on a tree coding strategy. Altogether eight themes were found as a mix of priori and in-vivo coding. Findings: this study found various e-learning capabilities developed in students during the COVID-19 pandemic and revealed that online learning capability enhanced the students' motivation and confidence level. Students have become more aware and familiar about digital learning tools. The study also revealed that how the e-learning capability has been developed during the pandemic and found that there are various factors that helped students to enhance their e-learning capability. Conclusion: This study is focused on identifying e-learning capability among the final year MBA students. Based on the result, it is concluded that students have developed various capabilities such as interpersonal capability, communication, confidence, attitude and cooperative learning. Further, the study also revealed the various approaches that help to identify the e-learning capability during the COVID-19 pandemic. the study concluded that e-learning capabilities have been significantly developed in during the COVID-19 pandemic and they have become more familiar with the digital learning tools. It helps to create the user friendly environment that motivates and increases their confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate adolescents´ technology use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Adolescents used technology more sophisticated during the COVID-19 pandemic. • Personal factors predicted type of adolescents´ technology use. • Adolescents' technology use was predicted by school type attended before COVID-19. • Adolescents' technology use was predicted by Parents' education during COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has made adolescents´ technology use unavoidable for sustaining teaching and learning processes. In the present paper we conducted two studies using a person-centered latent profile analysis to examine adolescents' technology use before (Study 1, N = 643) and during (Study 2, N = 644) the COVID-19 pandemic in the region of Bavaria, Germany. While adolescents' technology use before the COVID-19 pandemic was divergent in terms of study-related and social technology use, the results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents' technology use increased in terms of both, study-related and social purposes. Although our results suggest that adolescents' use of technology for study-related purposes increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents from educationally disadvantaged families still appear to be at risk of being left behind by the even more rapid digitization of the COVID-19 pandemic, for which we discuss future research and targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There are currently no data available that compares the volume and the walk-out rate of patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) peak pandemic period during the USA national lockdown. Objective EDs measure metrics such as walk-out rate (WOR), which is reflected in leaving against medical advice (AMA), elopement, left after triage (LAFT), and left without being seen (LWBS). In this study, we sought to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ED WOR. Methods A retrospective analysis was used to assess the overall ED census and the walk-out rate for three community EDs during the March to June 2020 national lockdown. This period was compared to the same period for 2019. Results The walk-out rate during the COVID-19 pandemic was inversely proportional to the overall ED census. While overall ED visits decreased by 26% to 42% during the period of March to June 2020 as compared to March to June 2019, the patient walk-out rates increased from 25% to 65%. Conclusion The national lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic created a paradoxical finding with a decrease in ED census but an increase in ED walk-out rates. This decline in census and increase in WOR raises concern that patients avoid going to the hospitals to seek medical attention because the concern of contracting the virus prevails, resulting in increased walkouts. With this retrospective study, we can anticipate that future newly discovered emerging diseases causing national lockdowns will result in a high probability of avoidance of emergency care., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Yakobi et al.)