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Abstract The modulation recognition technology for acoustic signals holds significant research importance in signal demodulation and communication signal reconnaissance, serving as a crucial component and key aspect. This paper investigates the modulation recognition technology for acoustic signals (

Abstract The core of clinic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is to enhance dopamine (DA) signaling within the brain. The regulation of dopamine transporter (DAT) is integral to this process. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on DAT, thereby gaining a profound understanding its potential value in treating PD. In this study, we investigated the effects of GDNF on both cellular and mouse models of PD, including the glycosylation and membrane transport of DAT detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting, DA signal measured by neurotransmitter fiber imaging technology, Golgi morphology observed by electron microscopic, as well as cognitive ability assessed by behavior tests. This study revealed that in animal trials, MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease (PD) mice exhibited a marked decline in cognitive function. Utilizing ELISA and neurotransmitter fiber imaging techniques, we observed a decrease in dopamine levels and a significant reduction in the intensity of dopamine signal release in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) of PD mice induced by MPTP. Intriguingly, these alterations were reversed by Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF). In cellular experiments, following MPP + intervention, there was a decrease in Gly-DAT modification in both the cell membrane and cytoplasm, coupled with an increase in Nongly-DAT expression and aggregation of DAT within the cytoplasm. Conversely, GDNF augmented DAT glycosylation and facilitated its membrane transport in damaged dopaminergic neurons, concurrently reversing the effects of GRASP65 depletion and Golgi fragmentation, thereby reducing the accumulation of DAT in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, overexpression of GRASP65 enhanced DAT transport in PD cells and mice, while suppression of GRASP65 attenuated the efficacy of GDNF on DAT. Additionally, GDNF potentiated the reutilization of neurotransmitters by the PFC presynaptic membrane, boosting the effective release of dopamine following a single electrical stimulation, ultimately ameliorating the cognitive impairments in PD mice.Therefore, we propose that GDNF enhances the glycosylation and membrane trafficking of DAT by facilitating the re-aggregation of the Golgi apparatus, thereby amplifying the utilization of DA signals. This ultimately leads to the improvement of cognitive abilities in PD mouse models. Our study illuminates, from a novel angle, the beneficial role of GDNF in augmenting DA utilization and cognitive function in PD, providing fresh insights into its therapeutic potential.

Objective We explored the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in Jinshan District, Shanghai. Methods We analyzed all HPV testing samples sent from our unit between December 2023 and April 2024. We reported the HPV prevalence overall, by age, and by subtype. Results In total, 3788 women aged 16 to 90 years had HPV test results. The prevalence of infection with any HPV subtype was 17.9%. The HPV prevalence by age group was: ≤30 years, 15.4%; 31–40 years, 14.7%; 41–50 years, 17.0%; 51–60 years, 22.4%; >60 years, 31.0%. Among HPV-positive women, 80.6% had infection with one subtype, 16.4% had dual infection, and 3.1% had three or more subtypes detected. We found 640 cases (16.9%) of infection with high-risk HPV subtypes and 139 cases (5.04%) of infection with low-risk HPV subtypes. The most common high-risk subtypes were HPV 52, 53, 58, and 16; the most common low-risk subtypes were HPV 81, 70, and 42. Conclusion We detected ≥1 HPV subtype among most women in our study. The prevalence of HPV was lowest in younger women and highest in women age >60 years. Tailored strategies for older women are needed to prevent HPV infection and cervical cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to prepare a kind of mushroom paste with Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus eryngii and Agaricus bisporus as raw materials by enzymolysis with cellulase. Methods: The response surface method was used to optimize the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis process of the mushroom paste with amino acid nitrogen content as the index. Results: The optimal enzymolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme dosage 0.6%, pH 6, enzymolysis temperature 50 ℃, solid-liquid ratio 1∶30 （g/mL）. Under these conditions, the actual amino acid nitrogen content was 0.418 μg/100 g. Conclusion: The sensory evaluation and nutritional indexes of the mushroom paste are up to or better than the national standard, which indicates that the process is feasible and has certain popularization and application values.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the aroma differences of Pixian bean paste from different brands and establish an analytical method for quality evaluation and quality control methods in Douban Sauce, based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques along with sensory evaluation. Methods: Three different brands of Pixian Douban Sauce were selected as the research objects. SPME and GC-MS techniques were used to extract and qualitatively analyze the aroma components, and the sensory evaluation of the three types of Pixian Douban Sauce was conducted based on current effective group standards. Results: 57, 90, and 70 volatile flavor compounds were identified in brands T, J, and C Pixian Douban Sauce, and 46, 70, and 60 were identified in the database. Excluding impurity peaks and extremely low content fragment peaks, the flavor substances of brands T, J, and C are 32, 47, and 43, respectively. Brand J has the highest sensory rating, followed by brand T, and brand C has the lowest. Based on the analysis of aroma components and content, the relative content of 3-methylbutyraldehyde and 2-methylbutyraldehyde (both with apple aroma and a pleasant feeling) in brand J is higher than the other two brands, and only furfural with a relative content greater than 3% was detected in brand C. Conclusion: The combination of SPME-GC-MS technology and sensory evaluation analysis can distinguish the aroma components of different brands of Pixian Douban Sauce.

In order to solve the contradiction between large aperture elements and high-resolution images, in this study, we propose an improved image-resolution method based on generative adversarial network (GAN). First, we analyze the imaging principle of the optical synthetic aperture. Further, we improve a super-resolution GAN; especially, this network uses a multi-scale convolutional cascade to obtain global features of the image, and a multi-scale receptive field block and residual in residual dense block are built to obtain image details. In addition, this study uses the Mish function as the activation function of the discriminator to solve the problems of neuron extreme, gradient explosion, and poor generalization ability of the model. Through simulation, the results show that the proposed method can achieve a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 30 dB compared with traditional image super-resolution reconstruction methods for synthetic aperture image. The method proposed has an improvement of 2 dB in the PSNR and 0.016 in structure similarity index measure compared with the original super-resolution GAN. Therefore, this method can effectively reduce the image distortion and improve the quality of image reconstruction.

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the nutritional status of individuals diagnosed with esophageal cancer and compare the nutritional indicators and intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients. The findings aim to contribute to the early prevention of malnutrition and the development of interventions targeting the intestinal flora to treat esophageal cancer.MethodsAn 80-patient sample of hospitalized individuals with esophageal cancer was selected from the radiotherapy department of our hospital between July 2021 and July 2022 to evaluate NRS2002 scores and PG-SGA scores. This cross-sectional analysis aimed to examine the disparities in dietary nutrient intake, blood indicators, body composition, and fecal intestinal flora between malnourished and non-malnourished patients with esophageal cancer. Additionally, we randomly selected 40 cases to predict and analyze the relationship between intestinal flora and malnutrition.ResultsThe incidence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with esophageal cancer was 62.5% and 60%, respectively. The low intake of carbohydrates and dietary fiber in the malnutrition group was statistically significant compared to those in the non-malnutrition group (P < 0.05). The albumin (ALB) level was lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was higher; these differences were also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The basal metabolic rate, phase angle, body cell mass, muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and fat-free mass index in the malnutrition group all decreased compared to the non-malnutrition group. The extracellular water/total body water was higher than that in the non-malnutrition group, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). As shown by 16S rDNA sequencing of fecal intestinal flora, there was no significant difference in α and β diversity between the malnutrition and non-malnutrition groups; at the genus level, significant differences were observed for Selimonas, Clostridioides, Dielma, Lactobacillus, and [Eubacterium]_siraeum_group. However, Dielma, Sellimonas, and Clostridioides were significantly lower in the malnutrition group than in the non-malnutrition group, while Anaerococcus, Atopobium, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Lactobacillus were significantly higher in the malnutrition group. Correlation analysis between different genera and clinical indicators showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with ALB, dietary energy, intracellular water/total body water (ICW/TBW), phase angle (PA), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body cell mass (BCM), basal metabolic rate (BMR), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), total body water (TBW), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), fat-free mass (FFM), Weight, body mass index (BMI) (r > 0, P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with PG-SGA score, NRS2002 score, and extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) (r < 0, P < 0.05). Based on PG-SGA, there was only a low accuracy for identifying nutrient deficiency (most areas under curve (AUC) values fell within 0.5 to 0.7, or even lower), with Lachnoclostridium's AUC being 0.688 (CI = 0.518–0.858) and Lactobacillus_salivarius_g_Lactobacillus's AUC being 0.257 (CI = 0.098–0.416). A KEGG functional analysis based on 16S data indicated potential differences affecting glucose metabolism pathways and the synthesis or division of DNA, influencing the onset, development, and prognosis of esophageal cancer patients.ConclusionEsophageal cancer patients are more likely to be malnourished. The nutritional status of these patients is closely linked to the intake of carbohydrates and fiber, albumin levels, inflammation levels, and lean body mass. Furthermore, the patient's intestinal flora composition plays a significant role in their nutritional well-being. Consequently, modulating the intestinal flora holds promise as a potential therapeutic approach for addressing malnutrition in esophageal cancer patients.Clinical trial registrationChiCTR2100048141

To analyze the effect of heat treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of buckwheat bran protein (BBP), the molecular mass, secondary structure, intrinsic fluorescence spectrum, free sulfhydryl content, disulfide bond content, microstructure, thermal properties, and rheological properties of BBP were characterized before and after heat treatment. The results showed that part of the subunits of BBP were degraded into small polypeptides or oligopeptides. The α-helical structure was transformed into β-sheet, β-turn and random coil, and the contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds were significantly increased. Compared with soy protein isolate (SPI), the peak temperature, denaturation enthalpy, apparent viscosity, storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G”) of BBP were significantly lower. The surface of heat-induced gels of BBP was rougher, and there were obvious cracks on the gel wall, indicating that the thermal stability of BBP was lower than that of SPI. In summary, heat treatment could change the structure of BBP, and have different effects on its physicochemical properties.

Objective: This study focused on optimizing the Iota carrageenan extraction process and improving Iota carrageenan yield. Methods: Iota carrageenan was extracted from Eucheuma spinulosa by ultrasonic-assisted complex enzyme technology. Through single factor and orthogonal experiments, the optimum ratio of complex enzymes (cellulase, hemicellulose and papain) and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of complex enzymes were first determined. Then, the optimum ultrasonic treatment conditions were determined. Finally, the boiling process conditions were optimized. Results: The optimal compound enzyme ratios were cellulase of 0.50%, hemicellulase of 1.25% and papain of 0.20%. The optimal enzymolysis conditions were as follows: enzymolysis at 60 ℃ and pH 5.5 for 2.5 h, with enzymolysis material-liquid ratio at 1∶30 (g/mL). The best ultrasonic treatment process was ultrasonic power of 350 W, treated at 40 ℃ for 25 min. The best boiling process was using 0.04% sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), boiling at 90 ℃ for 3 h. Conclusion: Under the control of the optimal process conditions, Iota carrageenan can reach a high extraction yield as 47.17%.

Carbon-based materials strongly pertain to citizens’ daily life due to their versatile derivatives such as diamond, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotube, single-layer graphene, and amorphous carbon (a-C). Compared to other families, a-C exhibits reconfigurable electrical properties by triggering its sp2–sp3 transition and vice versa, which can be readily fabricated by conventional film deposition technologies. For above reasons, a-C has been adopted as a promising memristive material and has given birth to several physical and theoretical prototypes. To further help researchers comprehend the physics behind a-C-based memristors and push forward their development, here we first reviewed the classification of a-C-based materials associated with their respective electrical and thermal properties. Subsequently, several a-C -based memristors with different architectures were presented, followed by their respective memristive principles. We also elucidated the state-of-the-art modeling strategies of a-C memristors, and their practical applications on neuromorphic fields were also described. The possible scenarios to further mitigate the physical performances of a-C memristors were eventually discussed, and their future prospect to rival with other memristors was also envisioned.

Proteins are important parts of the biological structures and encode a lot of biological information. Protein–protein interaction network alignment is a model for analyzing proteins that helps discover conserved functions between organisms and predict unknown functions. In particular, multi-network alignment aims at finding the mapping relationship among multiple network nodes, so as to transfer the knowledge across species. However, with the increasing complexity of PPI networks, how to perform network alignment more accurately and efficiently is a new challenge. This paper proposes a new global network alignment algorithm called Simulated Annealing Multiple Network Alignment (SAMNA), using both network topology and sequence homology information. To generate the alignment, SAMNA first generates cross-network candidate clusters by a clustering algorithm on a k-partite similarity graph constructed with sequence similarity information, and then selects candidate cluster nodes as alignment results and optimizes them using an improved simulated annealing algorithm. Finally, the SAMNA algorithm was experimented on synthetic and real-world network datasets, and the results showed that SAMNA outperformed the state-of-the-art algorithm in biological performance.

Objective: In this study, the effects of silymarin on the biofilm S. aureus ATCC25923 and its virulence factors were investigated. Methods: The inhibition and clearance of silymarin on S. aureus ATCC25923 biofilm formation were detected by crystal violet staining, the effects of silymarin on its biofilm metabolism were investigated by MTT staining, and the effects of silymarin on its coagulase expression and hemolytic activity were investigated by freeze-dried plasma and aseptic defibrinated sheep blood. In parallel, the effects of different concentrations of silymarin on its biofilm and Fourier transform were observed under an optical microscope. Results: The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silymarin against S. aureus ATCC25923 was 0.5 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of silymarin to S. aureus ATCC25923 biofilm at MIC concentration reached 90%, and the clearance rate reached 89.2%, and the low dose of silymarin could significantly inhibit its hemolytic activity and coagulase expression. Conclusion: The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate the great potential applications of silymarin in the areas of natural preservatives and food safety.

High temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is a new type of high-efficiency electrochemical energy transfer device with high energy transfer efficiency, high reaction rate and wide application scenarios. It has enormous potential in the fields including production of low-cost green hydrogen and carbonaceous product with high added values. Nitrogen oxide treatment and ammonia synthesis may also be a promising direction of application. SOEC is expected to play an important role in the low-carbon transformation of energy, chemical industry, transportation and other fields. Based on the latest progress of SOEC in the fields of hydrogen production, oil production, nitride treatment and ammonia production, the development status of SOEC was systematically summarized, and the key directions for future development were prospected.

Abstract O-Methylated stilbenes are prominent nutraceuticals but rarely produced by crops. Here, the inherent ability of two Saccharinae grasses to produce regioselectively O-methylated stilbenes is reported. A stilbene O-methyltransferase, SbSOMT, is first shown to be indispensable for pathogen-inducible pterostilbene (3,5-bis-O-methylated) biosynthesis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Phylogenetic analysis indicates the recruitment of genus-specific SOMTs from canonical caffeic acid O-methyltransferases (COMTs) after the divergence of Sorghum spp. from Saccharum spp. In recombinant enzyme assays, SbSOMT and COMTs regioselectively catalyze O-methylation of stilbene A-ring and B-ring respectively. Subsequently, SOMT-stilbene crystal structures are presented. Whilst SbSOMT shows global structural resemblance to SbCOMT, molecular characterizations illustrate two hydrophobic residues (Ile144/Phe337) crucial for substrate binding orientation leading to 3,5-bis-O-methylations in the A-ring. In contrast, the equivalent residues (Asn128/Asn323) in SbCOMT facilitate an opposite orientation that favors 3ʹ-O-methylation in the B-ring. Consistently, a highly-conserved COMT is likely involved in isorhapontigenin (3ʹ-O-methylated) formation in wounded wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneum). Altogether, our work reveals the potential of Saccharinae grasses as a source of O-methylated stilbenes, and rationalize the regioselectivity of SOMT activities for bioengineering of O-methylated stilbenes.

By predicting the construction elevation of a cable-stayed bridge with the help of the BP neural network, it was found that the BP neural network is suitable for the prediction of bridge construction, and an accurate prediction value can be obtained. The maximum deviation of the prediction value is 41.6 mm, which is a large error. Therefore, the use of intelligent algorithms to predict the linear elevation of cable-stayed bridge construction and reduce the impact of error can provide an important reference basis for the next stage of elevation control of standing molds and guarantee the accuracy of bridge construction control.

The advancement of the high-quality development of the blended teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, as well as the thorough integration of artificial intelligence with this teaching approach, are imperative demands of the modern era. In order to analyze the specific applications of artificial intelligence technology in the teaching of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities, this paper first establishes the general framework for their application. It then proceeds, module by module, from the individual courses and examines how they are taught. Data mining techniques are used to extract the characteristics of the ideological and political course teaching resources, determine the similarity between learners, and complete the personalized intelligent recommendation of ideological and political course teaching resources in the personalized ideological and political course learning module. The ideological and political course teaching resources recommendation model is constructed through artificial intelligence technology. The text responses from the students are processed using natural language technology, and the learning effect is predicted using a logistic regression model. To build the BF-BKT knowledge tracking model, which tracks student feedback during the learning process of ideological and political courses, incorporating behavioral and forgetting elements. The purpose of the teaching framework is to examine the results of combining political and ideological courses with AI. The results indicate that the student’s critical thinking score is 46.6245 after incorporating artificial intelligence, which is roughly 6 points higher than the traditional technique. Following the use of AI fusion, the students’ three viewpoints and their cognition of family and national sentiment improved, with increases of 4.9 and 4.7 points, respectively, in the pre-and post-tests. It is evident that the integration of political and ideological courses at the university with artificial intelligence aids in students’ formation of their three points of view and emotional development, ultimately leading to cognitive characterization.

With the continuous development of science and technology level, remote sensing technology has a wide range of application prospects in water pollution monitoring. The study combines the Grab-Cut image segmentation algorithm, atmospheric radiation correction, and water pollution identification to construct a remote sensing technology-based method for monitoring water pollution. The research is focused on analyzing the water quality distribution pattern of the upper and lower lakes in the sample lake area using the constructed water pollution monitoring method. On this basis, from the four dimensions of water pollution prevention and control, recycled water recycling, ecological restoration and protection, and environmental monitoring, the comprehensive management measures for water pollution are proposed. The pollutant contents of the upper and lower lakes before and after the management are compared to explore the effect of the comprehensive management of water pollution. The results show that COD contributes 86.77% to the water pollution in the sample lake area. The water quality of the upper and lower lakes is more distributed by class V and class III, which account for 36.67% and 43.33%, respectively. The proposed water pollution monitoring method is able to accurately identify and classify the pollution. After the comprehensive treatment, the COD and ammonia nitrogen content of the upper lake decreased by 30.51% and 37.43%, and that of the lower lake decreased by 35.90% and 39.06%. The effect of water pollution treatment was remarkable.

Along with the application and popularization of information fusion technology in all fields of life, education informatization is also increasing. In this paper, a scale prediction model is introduced based on the Multi-scale Attention Module MAM, composed of CSP-MAM, to detect the position of students in the classroom. Students’ expression changes in the school are identified through face classification, border regression, and face key point localization techniques. Using the data analysis function of the back-end of the information classroom, we obtain students’ classroom interaction information, and with the help of information fusion technology, we fuse the Information of the three classroom dimensions to construct the ideological and political learning evaluation model. In evaluating individual students’ concentration, the frequency of neutral and positive expressions of the five students is 49,960 times higher than that of negative expressions. After the ideological and political informatization teaching, the student’s overall learning effect score is 9.0174, and the three dimensions have been improved by 1.245, 0.9492, and 0.9024, respectively, which shows that the student’s learning concentration and effect under ideological and political informatization education are good.

With the advent of the scientific and technological era, the times and the modernization of China, the requirements and goals of the Political perspective applied to undergraduate universities in the Age of Science and Technology are constantly updated, and it is of practical significance to learn from a political perspective college students in the new era of rapid development today. This paper constructs the 4C/ID learning model by finding literature and methods involved and applied in the learning process to realize political learning of college students based on Internet technology and provide some theoretical reference basis for teachers and students of relevant colleges and universities. Taking the study of new ways of political learning of college students as the theoretical basis, through the support of Internet technology, the traditional research ideas discussing the political learning of college students are analyzed, discussions are held around the new ways political level learning, and finally, the 4C/ID learning model of Political learning of college students based on Internet science is constructed. How to improve the political level learning model and open up new related learning pathways is a necessary issue that educators cannot ignore today. The study shows that the 4C/ID learning model of introducing the Internet into the study of college students at the political level technology can develop political level learning to the greatest extent. Based on Internet technology, the curriculum content system political level learning can be deeply explored to promote Xi Jinping’s idea in the new social and technological era of the healthy and vigorous development of socialist culture construction.

As an important carrier of intelligent logistics, AGV can effectively reduce the labor cost of factories and warehouses. With the comprehensive promotion of “smart manufacturing”, the manufacturing industry has a stronger demand for automated AGV logistics systems. This paper firstly analyzes the principle of fuzzy PID controller and establishes its kinematic model to obtain the intrinsic relationship between the motion form and the speed of each driving wheel. Secondly, through the data measured and fed back by the fuzzy PID control system, the AGV driving angle deviation and position deviation are used as the input of the fuzzy controller; its fuzzy deviation correction technology is applied to realize the path correction of the AGV and ensure the stable operation of the AGV through the cooperative motion control technology. Finally, MATLAB software establishes the joint simulation model of the AGV fuzzy PID control system. The results show that through the two algorithms of PID control and fuzzy PID control correction test, the fuzzy PID controller system corrects the deflection efficiency by 47.41%; in the kinematic test, the path tracking efficiency is increased by 30.76%, the distance correction efficiency is increased by 69.56%, the angle correction efficiency is increased by 69.56%, and the average performance is increased by 53.44%. Through the two comparisons, it is concluded that the fuzzy controller designed in this paper has the advantages of fast response speed, good stability, and strong deflection correction performance, which substantially improves the speed and accuracy of intelligent search of intelligent vehicles.

This paper first focuses on the design elements and digital platforms of stone carving art and then discusses the dissemination of stone carving art on social media platforms. Secondly, a social media propagation dynamics modeling of stone sculpture art promotion is proposed, and the degree distribution of stone sculpture art promotion in the BA scale-free network is calculated by the social media network model and propagation evolution model. Finally, the kinetic analysis of social media on stone carving art promotion by different influencing factors and information dissemination stages is explored. The results show that when the user recognizes stone carving art as Ii(0) = 0.7 the larger the value Ii = (0), the greater the user’s propensity to spread stone carving art promotion information and the greater the rate of stone carving art promotion information dissemination. Through the in-depth combination of social media and stone carving art, this paper has important practice and significance for the protection and inheritance of stone carving art and for improving its influence and popularity.

We present a case of 80 years woman chronic smoker (10 cigarettes)/ per day for 50 years diagnosed with adenocarcinoma in the upper left lobe of her lungs in a geriatric clinic. She has no history of diabetes but taking medicine for hypertension and dyslipidemia. She was admitted and operated on for partial pneumonectomy and discharged after 11 days of care with all essential drugs, and instructions. After 4 weeks of treatment, she complained of unusual polyuria, diagnosed in the department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China.

In order to rapidly determine deoxynivalenol (DON) and Zearalenone (ZEN) in maize, a rapid quantitative immunofluorescence assay based on superconductor coating was used to detect multiple maize samples. Combined with the recovery rate, stability, detection limit, precision and other indexes, the applicability of the method was evaluated and compared with the results of liquid chromatography. The results showed that the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method had the good linearity in the range of 100 ng/mL~2 500 ng/mL for DON and 5~200 µg/kg for ZEN. The recoveries of DON were 103.72%~108.17% in the range of 500~2 000 µg/kg, and 97.81%~111.27% in the range of ZEN 50~150 µg/kg. Compared with the results of liquid chromatography, the superconductor coated immunofluorescence diaper method is an effective, practical, rapid and quantitative analysis method within the allowable deviation range, which can meet the requirements of simultaneous detection of DON and ZEN in maize.

This review summarized the research achievements of mushroom sauce in recent years, from the aspects of raw and auxiliary materials selection, formula, and process research, analysis and testing, existing problems, and prospected the raw material quality and nutrition safety detection.

Foamy viruses belong to the Spumaretrovirinae subfamily member of the Retroviridae family and produce nonpathogenic infection to hosts in the natural conditions. However, infections of foamy viruses can dramatically cause severe cytopathic effects in vitro. To date, the exact molecular mechanism has remained unclear which implied the tremendous importance of virus-host cell immune reactions. In this study, we found that the transactivator Tas in two foamy viruses isolated from Old World Monkey (OWM) induced obvious inhibition of cell proliferation via the upregulation of Foxo3a expression. It was mediated by the generation of ROS and the initiation of ER stress, and ultimately, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was triggered. Notably, PFV Tas contributed to the accumulation of G0/G1 phase cycle arrest induced by the activation of the p53 signaling pathway and the nuclear transportation of HDAC4 via upregulating PPM1E expression. Together, these results demonstrated the different survival strategies by which foamy virus can hijack host cell cytokines and regulate virus-host cell interactions.

[C10H11N2+, PF6−], triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.9854(3) Å, b = 9.1004(3) Å, c = 9.2312(3) Å, α = 66.667(3)°, β = 74.875(3)°, γ = 74.024(3)°, V = 656.40(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0513, wRref(F2) = 0.1515, T = 296(2) K.

China Meteorological Administration Global Ensemble Prediction System (CMA-GEPS) adopts singular vector method to generate initial perturbations. CMA-GEPS currently uses the initial analysis field from CMA Global Forecast System (CMA-GFS) data assimilation to calculate singular vector (ANSV). With this dependency, in the operational running procedures of CMA numerical weather prediction systems, the singular vector calculation starts when CMA-GFS analysis job is finished. With the improvement of model resolution, especially the horizontal resolution, the computation time of data assimilation analysis and the ensemble forecasts would be lengthened. Given relatively limited high-performance computational resources, it would bring great challenge for delivering the ensemble forecast products on time. ECMWF uses the data assimilation background field to calculate singular vector (FCSV), which could be implemented earlier than the computation of ANSV in the operational flow and then optimize the computation time for ensemble prediction system (EPS), and it shows that the performance of FCSV ensemble is comparable to ANSV ensemble.Based on CMA-GFS background field and SV calculation module, the feasibility of applying FCSV in CMA-GEPS is investigated. First, the spatial structures of ANSV and FCSV and their similarity index are analyzed. And then, two ensembles based on ANSV and FCSV are conducted for 10 cases in summer and autumn. The forecasts from ANSV ensemble and FCSV ensemble are comprehensively evaluated in terms of the ensemble prediction skill of barometric surface variables, the probability prediction of 24 hours accumulated precipitation in China, tropical cyclone track ensemble prediction skill, and the forecast skill of the minimum sea level pressure at tropical cyclone center. The results show that for the dominant extra-tropical singular vector in CMA-GEPS, the ANSV and FCSV have similar horizontal and vertical structures, their general similarity index is 0.6-0.8, and two ensembles have the comparable forecast skill over extratropics. For tropical singular vector which are only calculated when tropical cyclones are observed, their similarity index between ANSV and FCSV is relatively lower than that in extratropics, and FCSV ensemble shows slightly smaller ensemble spread but comparable error for tropical cyclone tracks. For the precipitation forecast, two ensembles have similar forecast skills for moderate to heavy rain. For mean sea level pressure forecast of strong tropical cyclone case, two ensemble have members showing the skill in terms of structures and magnitude. Therefore, it is feasible to apply FCSV in CMA-GEPS, and it could be an option to construct singular vector-based initial perturbations for future high-resolution operational CMA-GEPS.

N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of depression. However, the role of NMDAR subunits in depression is still unclear. In this study, alteration in all seven NMDAR subunits in several brain areas of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), an animal model of depression, was detected. Our findings demonstrated that: (1) CUMS could induce a reduction in sucrose preference, an indicator of typical depression-like behaviors; (2) CUMS significantly reduced the NMDAR subunits of GluN2B and GluN3 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), but not altered all seven NMDAR subunits in hippocampus and corpus callosum of rats; (3) subunit composition of NMDARs in corpus callosum was different from that in mPFC, PFC and hippocampus; and (4) the mRNA expressions of GluN2B, GluN3A and GluN3B in mPFC as well as mRNA expression of GluN2C in corpus callosum were correlated to sucrose preference in rats. These findings suggested that GluN2B and GluN3 in mPFC may contribute to the pathophysiology of depression.

Purpose: The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of various parameter combinations of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models, namely MobileNet and DenseNet121, and different input image resolutions (REZs) ranging from 64×64 to 512×512 pixels, for diagnosing breast cancer. Materials and methods: During the period of June 2015 to November 2020, two hospitals were involved in the collection of two-dimensional ultrasound breast images for this retrospective multicenter study. The diagnostic performance of the computer models MobileNet and DenseNet 121 was compared at different resolutions. Results: The results showed that MobileNet had the best breast cancer diagnosis performance at 320×320pixel REZ and DenseNet121 had the best breast cancer diagnosis performance at 448×448pixel REZ. Conclusion: Our study reveals a significant correlation between image resolution and breast cancer diagnosis accuracy. Through the comparison of MobileNet and DenseNet121, it is highlighted that lightweight neural networks (LW-CNNs) can achieve model performance similar to or even slightly better than large neural networks models (HW-CNNs) in ultrasound images, and LW-CNNs' prediction time per image is lower.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of rhythm training in the early coordination development and to find out its role in the transfer of specific performance in young swimmers. Eighty young swimmers aged eight to twelve were divided randomly into a control group (CON, n = 40, M/F=17/23) or an experimental group (EXP, n = 40, M/F=19/21). A total of 72 swimmers completed all the training programs and tests included in this study (CON, n = 35, M/F=15/20; EXP, n = 37, M/F=16/21). The training programme lasted 12 weeks. During the study period, all groups participated in the same swimming training program with the control group participating six times a week, and the experimental group participating four times a week with an additional two rhythm trainings each week. The height, weight, walking backwards ability, jumping sideways ability, and 25 m freestyle were measured for each participant and an index of coordination was analyzed from recordings of the participant’s 25 m freestyle. The results indicated that participation in rhythm training resulted in improved general motor and swimming-specific coordination among the swimmers, but the results varied by number of years of sport-specific training experience. The swimmers with more training experience improved more in swimming-specific coordination but less in general motor coordination. This study strengthens the evidence for the effectiveness of early rhythm training in swimmers, indicating that it is feasible to design programs to address general and sport-specific coordination in young athletes.

Objective: To screen lactic acid bacteria strains with strong ability to produce extracellular polysaccharide. Methods: Forty strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated and preserved in the laboratory were selected, and the commercial strain L. rhamnosus GG （LGG） was used as the positive control strain. The strains with high extracellular polysaccharide yield were screened by colony drawing method and phenol-sulfuric acid method, and their stress resistance, safety and antibiotic sensitivity were tested in vitro. The phenotypic characteristics and species identification of the finally obtained strains were analyzed. Results: After primary screening and secondary screening of 40 strains of lactic acid bacteria, 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria with high extracellular polysaccharide production were obtained. After comprehensive evaluation of polysaccharide production, stress resistance and preliminary safety of the 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria, 4 strains of lactic acid bacteria with high EPS production were finally isolated and identified, namely, 2 strains of lactobacillus paracasei （LZ9089, LZ9Y10）, 1 strains of Lactobacillus casei （LZ9183） and 1 strains of Lactobacillus brevis （LZ9285）. Conclusion: Four strains with high exopolysaccharide yield have good basic probiotic characteristics and have potential development and utilization value.

This research investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies on employee organizational citizenship behavior and business reputation within the travel and tourism sector. Through a comprehensive survey of 317 participants in tourism companies, the study employs Amos 25.0 and SPSS 25.0 software to construct a Hypothesis Testing Structural Equation Model, aligning with established methodologies. The results unequivocally demonstrate that CSR practices enhance a company’s reputation, subsequently fostering organizational citizenship behavior among employees. Notably, the intricate interplay among CSR policies, company reputation, and employee behavior is subject to moderation by specific factors. The findings underscore the nuanced dynamics shaping organizational behavior in the context of CSR initiatives. The study suggests potential avenues for future research, offering insights that contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical implications for businesses in the travel and tourism sector. This research advances our comprehension of the intricate relationships between CSR, business reputation, and employee behavior, providing a foundation for informed decision-making in corporate sustainability efforts.

Objective To summarize the clinical, imaging and genetic characteristics of spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2) families presenting as Parkinsonism. Methods and Results Two families with autosomal dominant SCA2 with Parkinson's syndrome diagnosed by genetic test in Peking University First Hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were included. The probands in 2 families manifested as lead⁃pipe like rigidity and cerebellum ataxia. Electronystagmography (ENG) in proband of family 1 showed gaze nystagmus, understable saccade, decreased smooth tracking ability and disappeared optokinetic nystagmus, proband of family 2 showed slow saccade, decreased smooth tracking ability and decreased optokinetic nystagmus. Head MRI in both probands of 2 families showed slightly enlarged third ventricle, while the proband of family 2 showed atrophy in brain stem and cerebellar. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in 2 probands showed no gene mutations, Sanger sequencing showed dynamic mutation of ATXN2 gene and the copy number of cytosine⁃adenine⁃guanine (CAG) with 37 repeats. Two probands were finally diagnosed as SCA2, and two pedigrees were diagnosed as SCA2 pedigrees. Conclusions SCA2 can present as Parkinsonism, which is easily to be misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease due to the effective treatment of levodopa. ENG is helpful in detecting subclinical cerebellar lesions. For Parkinsonism patients with family history, especially when cerebellar lesions are involved, ATXN2 gene testing is recommended.

To explore the nurses’ behaviors regarding clinical alarms, analyze the related influencing factors, and provide rationales for alarm management.

According to the perceptual engineering research paradigm, rock tea packaging design research framework of perceptual engineering is used as a guide to determine the typical samples and core perceptual vocabulary of rock tea packaging through various methods such as literature search, expert evaluation, KJ method, questionnaire survey, etc. The semantic difference method is used to quantify user perceptions and conduct principal component analysis to arrive at rock tea packaging presenting four core perceptual attributes: bright, environmentally friendly, exquisite and the mapping relationship between the core perceptual vocabulary and design elements was obtained through class category analysis to obtain a rock tea packaging design that fits the perceptual cognition of young consumers.

Skin wound healing is a continuous and complex process affected by many factors. Growth factors play an important role in the process of wound healing. Local application of growth factors can significantly promote wound healing. However, the degradation and time dependence of growth factors require appropriate delivery systems to help them play a role in wound healing. In recent years, wound dressing products with hydrogels as matrix materials or main components have shown obvious advantages in promoting wound healing. By modifying the hydrogel or combining it with other factors or materials that are beneficial to wound healing, the healing effect can be further enhanced. This review will introduce the research status of growth factors and hydrogels based on natural biological materials in skin wound repair and review the effects and research progress of the combination of growth factors and hydrogels in skin wound healing.

Our previous study showed that two different regimens of moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) delivered with helical tomotherapy (HT) are well tolerated in older prostate cancer patients. We provide a longterm efficacy and toxicity after > 7 years of follow-up.

Increasing evidence has verified the indispensable effect of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the biological processes of human diseases, including endometriosis. hsa-miR-340-5p was reported to display a low level in patients with endometriosis, but the detailed function of miR-340-5p in endometriosis is unclarified. RT-qPCR was used for the assessment of RNA levels of miR-340-5p and its downstream target genes in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Western blotting and Transwell assays revealed that upregulation of miR-340-5p suppressed the migration, invasiveness, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ESCs. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict miR-340-5p downstream genes. Luciferase reporter assay displayed that miR-340-5p could bind to messenger RNA mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MAP3K2). MAP3K2 was targeted by miR-349-5p and could reverse the influence of miR-340-5p. miR-340-5p exerted its impact on the invasive characters of ESCs by inactivating the MAP3K2-mediated MAPK/ERK signaling. In conclusion, miR-340-5p restrains cell migration, invasiveness, and EMT in ESCs by targeting MAP3K2 and inactivating MAPK/ERK signaling.

Abstract Background Pseudomembranous necrotizing laryngotracheobronchitis refers to an acute diffuse necrotizing inflammation in the mucosa of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus. It often occurs in infants and children having viral infections secondary to bacterial infections. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is a common pathogen that causes pneumonia in children. In recent years, serious complications due to M. pneumoniae infection, including necrotizing pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pleural effusion, have been increasingly reported. Case presentation An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our unit with cough, fever, and hoarseness persistent for a week. The results of the M. pneumoniae serological test, PCR examination with bronchial aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for BALF, all suggested the presence of M. pneumoniae infection. High-resolution CT scanning of the chest showed inflammation of the middle and lower lobes of the right lung. By bronchoscopy, the necrosis of the vocal cords, trachea, and bronchial mucosa was observed; each bronchial lumen contained a large amount of white viscous sputum. Pathological findings for bronchial mucosa suggested inflammatory necrosis. After administration of azithromycin and glucocorticoids, the symptoms of the patients were ameliorated. After 2 weeks post-discharge, the X-ray scan of her chest indicated the pneumonia resolution in the right lung. Conclusions In patients with pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae infection, which causes obvious hoarseness, bronchoscopy is necessary even if the lung lesions are not massively consolidated. When necrotizing lesions of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi are detected by bronchoscopy, the necrotic tissues in the corresponding parts should be conducted tissue biopsy for pathological examination. Apart from macrolide antibiotics, the administration of small doses of glucocorticoids is necessary.

Background. There are few studies comparing recurrences between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and open choledochotomy (OCT). Aims. To compare the effect of different surgical methods on single and multiple recurrences of choledocholithiasis. Methods. A total of 1255 patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP or OCT were retrospectively studied. The recurrence of choledocholithiasis was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses of recurrent choledocholithiasis were performed by introducing variables with P

Improving the efficiency of converting natural resources into social benefits is an important issue for sustainable development in today's world. Based on this background this paper applies the super-efficient SBM model with non-expected output to measure the ecological welfare performance (EWP) of Chinese provinces from 2005-2019, and explores the relationship between government competition and EWP under different assessment systems. The research results show that government competition under economic performance assessment is self-interested and short-sighted, which can negatively affect ecological welfare performance in the current period as well as in the next four years. In contrast, government competition under the environmental assessment system promotes EWP in both the current and long term, balancing short-term and long-term benefits. The results of the spatial GMM found that government competition under economic performance appraisal can deteriorate EWP in local as well as surrounding areas, but government competition under the environmental assessment system can achieve an increase in local ecological welfare performance and the spillover effect is not significant. To alleviate the limitations of a single appraisal system, this paper incorporates both economic and ecological appraisals into the multidimensional appraisal system. When the weights of both are between 1:9 and 3:7, the government competition under multidimensional performance appraisal can promote both current and longer-term EWP, and achieve its own ecological welfare performance without affecting the surrounding areas.

In the smelting process of high manganese steel, the volatilization of manganese will be accompanied. In this article, the volatilization of manganese in high manganese steel was studied by simultaneous thermal analyzer. The results show that the volatilization rate of manganese in high manganese steel increases with increasing temperature and holding time. It is proved by experimental study and data analysis that manganese volatilization follows the first-order kinetics model, and the empirical formula of manganese evaporation is derived. The volatile products of manganese were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the volatile components of manganese mainly consisted of MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, and MnO2. Combined with thermodynamics, the mechanism of manganese volatilization is further analyzed, and two forms of manganese volatilization in high manganese steel are revealed. One is that manganese atoms on the surface of high manganese steel and oxygen atoms in the gas form different types of manganese oxides and then volatilize at high temperature. The other way is that Mn atoms vaporize into Mn vapor and evaporate in high temperature environment, and then are oxidized into different types of manganese oxides. The results of theoretical calculation and experiment show that manganese volatilization is mainly in the first form.

Metformin as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been discovered to exert beneficial effects on many diseases for nearly ten years, but its specific mechanism is still unclear. As a new class of gene expression regulators with pleiotropic properties, microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in multiple physiological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, survival, and metabolism, which drive them to play a regulatory role in the occurrence, development and even treatment of various diseases. A substantial body of research has found the relationship between metformin and miRNAs, in which metformin can alter the expression profiles of miRNAs in multiple disease states and on the other hand the signal pathways involving miRNAs may contribute to the pharmacological actions of metformin. This review summarizes the effects of metformin on miRNAs and their relationship in different diseases (like tumor, metabolic diseases, etc.), which should be of a great help for our better understanding of the mechanism of metformin for treating multiple diseases.

Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), an emerging environmental pollutant, has been frequently detected in natural waters. The objective of this study was to investigate possible parental transfer of TCEP and transgenerational effects on the early development and thyroid hormone homeostasis in F1 larvae following parental whole life-cycle exposure to TCEP. To this end, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.8, 4, 20 and 100 μg/L) of TCEP for 120 days until sexual maturation. Parental exposure to TCEP resulted in significant levels of TCEP, developmental toxicity including decreased survival and final hatching rates, accelerated heart rate and elevated malformation rate, as well as induction of oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in F1 offspring. In F1 eggs, declined thyroxin (T4) levels were observed, consistent with those in plasma of F0 adult females, indicating the maternal transfer of thyroid endocrine disruption to the offspring. In addition, mRNA levels of several genes along the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were significantly modified in F1 larvae, which could be linked to transgenerational developmental toxicity and thyroid hormone disruption. For the first time, we revealed that the parental exposure to environmentally relevant levels of TCEP could cause developmental toxicity and thyroid endocrine disruption in subsequent unexposed generation.

Objective: This study aimed to establish an efficient and accurate method for the determination of total iodine in milk powder by microwave digestion combining with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods: Firstly, 0.2 mL of precipitant and 5 mL of ultrapure water were added for mixing and standing, and then 5 mL of nitric acid was added for microwave digestion. After cooling, the volume was fixed to 35 mL with ultrapure water, and then 10 mL of ammonia, 1 mL of stabilizer and 50 μL of TritonX-100 were added in sequence, avoiding the iodine loss. Results: The detection limit was 0.044 mg/kg, while iodine presented favorable linearity in the range of 0~20 μg/L with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.999 9. The precision of the method (RSD %) was less than 5%, and the spiked recoveries of real samples is 90.2% ~ 107.7%. The measured values of various standard substances are consistent with the labeled values. The iodine content of the same milk powder was similar to that of GB 5009.267—2020. Conclusion: The method showed the advantages of high efficiency, good recovery and accurate for the determination of iodine contents in milk powder, ensures personnel safety and reduces instrument maintenance cost.

Treatment of pancreatic cancer is faced with great difficulties and challenges due to high lethality and metastasis. Synergism of targeted therapy and immunotherapy has been considered as ideal strategy to both eliminate primary tumors and control metastases. For the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, we demonstrated a local photothermal therapy (PTT) following administration of monoclonal antibody of programmed death ligand 1 (αPD-L1). Fe2P nanorods were employed as a Fenton agent and photothermal agent, which modified with DSPE-PEG2000-Mal for improved biocompatibility and Mal mediated-antigen presentation. Under a low dose laser irradiation at 980 nm, Fe2P-PEG-Mal nanorods (NRs) mediated PTT could induce immunogenic tumor cell death that can cause dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration and maturation. In a bilateral pancreatic tumor model, the local treatment of NRs-PTT on primary tumor could cause the increased infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and decreased residential of M2 macrophages in untreated distal tumors. Furthermore, subsequently intervened αPD-L1 could enhance cell death triggered by CTLs in distal tumors through reversing immunosuppression. An orthotopic pancreatic tumor model was used to further confirm the therapeutic outcome. Finally, the combination of NRs based PTT and αPD-L1 based immunotherapy was able to significantly eliminate orthotopic pancreatic tumors and reduce mesentery metastases. Thus, the strategy may provide a more effective treatment for pancreatic cancer.

To change the optical properties and improve the antibacterial performances of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Ag NPs, mesoporous SiO2 spheres were combined with them to form the composites. In this paper, CQDs with a uniform size of about 3.74 nm were synthesized using glucose as carbon source. Then, CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites were obtained in situ under UV light irradiating by using mesoporous SiO2 and Ag NO3 as the carrier and silver resource, respectively. The diameter of CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs particles was in the range of 200–250 nm. With the increase in irradiating time, the red-shift in the UV-Vis spectrum for as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites was found, and the adsorption peak was widened. In addition, the composites showed a high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli via disc diffusion method. These results indicated that inhibition circles for Ag NPs/mesoporous SiO2/CQDs and mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs were similar in diameter. Furthermore, the two composites had a better bactericidal performance compared with other particles. Therefore, as-prepared CQDs/mesoporous SiO2/Ag NPs composites in this paper have great potential applications for fluorescent materials and antibacterial materials.

Abstract Background HIIT has recently been widely used for health promotion in healthy people and patients with chronic diseases. Exercise can help SUD reduce drug cravings, enhance mental health and return to normal life. However, whether HIIT can bring better physical rehabilitation benefits to individuals with SUD than MICT is unclear. The study aimed to compare the effects of HIIT versus MICT on the physical fitness of individuals with SUD. Methods One hundred twenty individuals with amphetamine-type stimulant dependence voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to the HIIT group and MICT group. Both groups received training three times a week. The intervention lasted from January 2019 to December 2019. Physical fitness was assessed at the baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months, including blood pressure (BP), vital capacity(VC), hand grip, push-up, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eyes closed and choice reaction time. The craving level was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale at baseline, 6 months and 12 months to see any change along with the improvement in physical fitness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied to analyse the differences in change by group (HIIT and MICT) and time (baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months and 12 months). Results The within-group factor displayed significant changes in the HIIT and MICT groups in terms of systolic BP (F (4,336) = 12.799, P