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Abstract Aims Adolescence is a critical developmental phase during which young people are vulnerable to the experiences of mental ill-health and social exclusion (consisting of various domains including education and employment, housing, finances and social supports and relationships). The aims of this study were to (i) obtain an understanding of the relationships between social exclusion, mental health and wellbeing of young people; and (ii) identify potentially modifiable targets, or population groups that require greater or targeted supports. Methods Data were obtained from the Mission Australia 2022 Youth Survey, Australia’s largest annual population-wide survey of young people aged 15–19 years (n = 18,800). Participants’ experiences of social exclusion in different domains were explored (e.g., prevalence, co-occurrence and controlling for differences in demographic characteristics). Multivariable linear regression models were used to map the relationships between social exclusion domains and mental health and wellbeing, controlling for confounding factors where necessary. Results Sixty per cent of all young people experienced social exclusion in at least one domain, 25% in multiple. Young people who identified as gender diverse, Indigenous, living in a remote/rural or socio-economically disadvantaged area and with a culturally diverse background were more likely to report social exclusion. A strong association was seen between all domains of social exclusion and poor mental health (e.g., higher psychological distress and loneliness, reduced personal wellbeing, reduced sense of control over their life and a more negative outlook on the future). Notably, difficulties in socialising and obtaining social support were critical factors linked to increased psychological distress and reduced wellbeing. Conclusions Findings underscore the need to address multiple domains of social exclusion concurrently, and in collaboration with youth mental healthcare. Prevention efforts aimed at early identification and intervention should be prioritised to support young people vulnerable to social exclusion. Screening approaches are needed to identify individuals and groups of young people in need of support, and to facilitate care coordination across multiple providers.

As a naturally part of information technology, Remote Sensing (RS) is strongly required to provide very precise and accurate information product to serve industry, academy and the public at this information economic era. To meet the needs of high quality RS product, building a fully functional and advanced calibration system, including measuring instruments, measuring approaches and target site become extremely important. Supported by MOST of China via national plan, great progress has been made to construct a comprehensive calibration and validation (Cal&Val) site, which integrates most functions of RS sensor aviation testing, EO satellite on-orbit caration and performance assessment and RS product validation at this site located in Baotou, 600km west of Beijing. The site is equipped with various artificial standard targets, including portable and permanent targets, which supports for long-term calibration and validation. A number of fine-designed ground measuring instruments and airborne standard sensors are developed for realizing high-accuracy stepwise validation, an approach in avoiding or reducing uncertainties caused from nonsynchronized measurement. As part of contribution to worldwide Cal&Val study coordinated by CEOS-WGCV, Baotou site is offering its support to Radiometric Calibration Network of Automated Instruments (RadCalNet), with an aim of providing demonstrated global standard automated radiometric calibration service in cooperation with ESA, NASA, CNES and NPL. Furthermore, several Cal&Val campaigns have been performed during the past years to calibrate and validate the spaceborne/airborne optical and SAR sensors, and the results of some typical demonstration are discussed in this study.

A two-dimensional linear array fiber amplifier based on the master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) configuration is constructed and employed as the laser source of a high resolution 3D imaging LIDAR system. Each branch of the linear array system comprises a dual-stage Yb3+-doped large-mode-area double-clad fiber amplifier. The amplified pulse is of 2.3 ns temporal duration and 30 kHz repetition rate with an average power of 8.5 W when the pump power is 20 W. The optical-optical conversion efficiency is 41.8%. Furthermore, the SRS effect can be suppressed effectively. The M² values of the output beam are 1.35 and 1.33 in the x- and y-axis directions, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact all-fiber sub-nanosecond narrow-linewidth Yb-doped fiber amplifier with a controllable repetition rate has been investigated. Tunable temporal pulses ranging from sub-nanoseconds to 10 ns with repetition rates from 10 kHz to 1 MHz are obtained by controlling the waveform of the injected electrical-pulse signal. Due to the practical requirements of our intended applications, a distributed feedback semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 802 ps, repetition rate of 500 kHz and average power of 20 μW is used to seed a dual-stage single mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier. The characteristics of the amplified pulses are measured and exhibit a temporal duration of 810 ps with an average power of 31.2 mW. The gain of the amplified pulse is about 32 dB at the maximum output power. A notable feature of the amplifier pulses is that the spectral linewidth can be maintained to less than 0.1 nm during the dual-stage amplifier process. The noise level lies more than 22 dB below the peak value of the amplified spectrum, which represents an excellent signal-to-noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A monolayer of orthorhombic arsenic (arsenene) is a promising candidate for nano-electronic devices due to the uniquely electronic properties. To further extend its practical applications, an additional layer is introduced to tune the electronic structures. Four layer-stacking manners, namely AA-, AB-, AB′-, and AC-stacking, are constructed and studied through using first-principles calculations. Compared with monolayer, an indirect-direct gap transition is realized in AB-stacking. More importantly, a semimetal feature appears in the AC- and AB′-stacked bilayers, leaving the electronic structure of AA-stacking trivial. In addition, the energy dispersion around Γ is largely tuned from the layer-stacking effect. To understand the underlying physics, the approximation is taken to address this issue. Our results show that the level repulsion from the additional layer domaintes the anisotropy of energy dispersion around Γ. The works like ours would shed new light on the tunability of the electronic structure in layered arsenene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Watts-level ultra-short wavelength operation of a Tm-doped all fiber laser was developed by using a 1550 nm Er-doped fiber laser pump source and a pair of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The laser yielded 1.28 W of continuous-wave output at 1707.01 nm with a narrow linewidth of ~44 pm by means of a 20 cm Tm-doped fiber. The dependencies of the slope efficiencies and pump threshold of the Tm-doped fiber laser versus the length of active fiber and reflectivity of the output mirror (FBG) were investigated in detail, in which the maximum average slope efficiency was 36.1%. There is no doubt that this all fiber laser will be a perfect pump source for mid-IR laser output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for mental health and social exclusion, a key social determinant of mental health. Early intervention approaches are key to mitigating the impact of mental ill-health during adolescence, however social exclusion can create additional barriers to accessing care., Aim: We aimed to better understand help-seeking experiences of adolescents facing co-occurring social exclusion and mental ill-health, including sources of support, barriers and preferences for service provision., Method: Cross-sectional data were analysed, from the 2022 Mission Australia Youth Survey ( N  = 18,800). Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years were recruited from around Australia, through schools, community organisations and digital platforms. Indices of four domains of social exclusion (housing, finances, relational and education/employment) were created using existing Youth Survey variables, and supplemented with demographic characteristics, psychological distress and help-seeking behaviours (perceived need, mental health supports, barriers to access and preferences). Relationships between social exclusion domains, mental health concerns and help-seeking behaviours were explored using logistic regression models., Results: A total of 9,743 young people reported having needed mental health support, yet only 58.1% reportedly sought support ( n  = 5,565). Social exclusion domains were associated with different help-seeking behaviours: housing challenges with higher help-seeking (OR = 1.28; 95% CI [1.15, 1.42]); relational difficulties and edu-employment issues with lower (OR = 0.75; 95% CI [0.68, 0.83] and OR = 0.82; 95% CI [0.75, 0.89]). Stigma, confidentiality concerns, cost and not knowing where to seek help were common barriers to help-seeking; those experiencing social exclusion more likely to report these. Participants reported a strong preference for face-to-face support., Conclusions: This study highlights the additional needs and challenges faced by adolescents dealing with both social exclusion and mental ill-health. With greater barriers to help-seeking, concerted efforts are needed to reduce stigma, improve mental health literacy and increase access to trusted information sources. Further initiatives should focus on structural factors that socially exclude young people and exacerbate inequitable access to mental healthcare.