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3. Recreational drug use, polydrug use, and sexual behaviour in HIV-diagnosed men who have sex with men in the UK: results from the cross-sectional ASTRA study

Author

Daskalopoulou, Marina, Rodger, Alison, Phillips, Andrew N, Sherr, Lorraine, Speakman, Andrew, Collins, Simon, Elford, Jonathan, Johnson, Margaret A, Gilson, Richard, Fisher, Martin, Wilkins, Ed, Anderson, Jane, McDonnell, Jeffrey, Edwards, Simon, Perry, Nicky, O'Connell, Rebecca, Lascar, Monica, Jones, Martin, Johnson, Anne M, Hart, Graham, Miners, Alec, Geretti, Anna-Maria, Burman, William J, and Lampe, Fiona C

Published
2014
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11. Lower Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness Tested in Outdoor Encampments Compared with Overnight Shelters – Denver, Colorado, June – July 2020

Author

Rowan, Sarah E, McCormick, David W, Wendel, Karen A, Scott, Tracy, Chavez-van de Hey, Jesse, Wilcox, Kay, Stella, Sarah A, Kamis, Kevin, Burman, William J, and Marx, Grace E

Subjects
Adult, Colorado, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Middle Aged, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Ill-Housed Persons, Major Article, Housing, Prevalence, Humans, RNA, Viral, homelessness, homeless shelters, encampments
Abstract

A better understanding of the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face in congregate shelters versus unsheltered encampments is critical for an effective pandemic response.We analyzed factors associated with current and past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among PEH in day and overnight shelters and encampments in Denver, Colorado, during June 2-July 28, 2020, and constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and seropositivity with age, race/ethnicity, testing location, testing month, and symptom status as predictor variables.A total of 823 participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 276 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A greater percentage of PEH at overnight shelters tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (8.6% vs 2.5%, P .01) and antibodies (21.5% vs 8.7%, P = .03) compared with encampments. In regression models, testing at an overnight shelter compared with testing at encampments (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-9.02) had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result. Age60 years compared with age40 years (OR = 5.92; 95% CI: 1.83-20.3), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.36-8.95), and non-Hispanic Black race compared with non-Hispanic White race (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16-8.26), and testing at an overnight shelter compared to testing at encampments (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.04-6.17) had increased odds of a positive antibody result.Our findings support the need for continuing assessment of mitigation strategies in shelters, increasing access to individual rooms and linkage to housing options for PEH, and supporting people to remain in encampments when these options are not available.

Published
2022

26. Relapse associated with active disease caused by Beijing strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Burman, William J., Bliven, Erin E., Cowan, Lauren, Bozeman, Lorna, Nahid, Payam, Diem, Lois, and Vernon, Andrew

Subjects
Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Health aspects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis -- Research, Tuberculosis -- Diagnosis, Tuberculosis -- Research, Tuberculosis -- Causes of, Diseases -- Relapse, Diseases -- Causes of, Diseases -- Research
Abstract

Approximately 2%-5% of patients with tuberculosis (TB) treated with contemporary short-course treatment either fail to respond to therapy or recurrent TB can develop in these patients after they complete therapy, [...]

Published
2009
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28. Lower Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness Tested in Outdoor Encampments Compared With Overnight Shelters: Denver, Colorado, June–July 2020.

Author

Rowan, Sarah E, McCormick, David W, Wendel, Karen A, Scott, Tracy, Hey, Jesse Chavez-van de, Wilcox, Kay, Stella, Sarah A, Kamis, Kevin, Burman, William J, and Marx, Grace E

Subjects
COVID-19, CAMPS, CONFIDENCE intervals, MULTIVARIATE analysis, AGE distribution, RACE, RISK assessment, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COVID-19 testing, HOMELESSNESS, HOUSING, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ETHNIC groups, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Background A better understanding of the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face in congregate shelters versus unsheltered encampments is critical for an effective pandemic response. Methods We analyzed factors associated with current and past severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among PEH in day and overnight shelters and encampments in Denver, Colorado, during June 2–July 28, 2020, and constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and seropositivity with age, race/ethnicity, testing location, testing month, and symptom status as predictor variables. Results A total of 823 participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 276 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A greater percentage of PEH at overnight shelters tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (8.6% vs 2.5%, P  < .01) and antibodies (21.5% vs 8.7%, P  = .03) compared with encampments. In regression models, testing at an overnight shelter compared with testing at encampments (odds ratio [OR] = 3.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–9.02) had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result. Age >60 years compared with age <40 years (OR = 5.92; 95% CI: 1.83–20.3), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 3.43; 95% CI: 1.36–8.95), and non-Hispanic Black race compared with non-Hispanic White race (OR = 3.07; 95% CI: 1.16–8.26), and testing at an overnight shelter compared to testing at encampments (OR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.04–6.17) had increased odds of a positive antibody result. Conclusions Our findings support the need for continuing assessment of mitigation strategies in shelters, increasing access to individual rooms and linkage to housing options for PEH, and supporting people to remain in encampments when these options are not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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29. Ensuring the involvement of children in the evaluation of new tuberculosis treatment regimens

Author

Burman, William J., Cotton, Mark F., Gibb, Diana M., Walker, A. Sarah, Vernon, Andrew A., and Donald, Peter R.

Subjects
Antitubercular agents -- Product development, Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy -- Demographic aspects, Clinical trials -- Management -- Demographic aspects, Pharmaceutical research -- Demographic aspects, Pediatric respiratory diseases -- Drug therapy, Company business management, Biological sciences
Abstract

Global tuberculosis control is threatened by dramatic increases in HIV-related tuberculosis and by the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Highly lethal outbreaks of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among HIV-infected persons in South [...]

Published
2008

30. Durability of adherence to antiretroviral therapy on initial and subsequent regimens

Author

Gardner, Edward M., Burman, William J., Maravi, Moises E., and Davidson, Arthur J.

Subjects
Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Analysis, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

There is uncertainty regarding the durability of adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study is a retrospective review of previously antiretroviral naive patients initiating therapy between 1997 and 2002. Antiretroviral adherence was calculated using prescription refill data and was analyzed over time on an initial regimen and on sequential antiretroviral regimens. Three hundred forty-four patients were included. The median lengths of the first, second, and third regimens were stable at 1.7 years, 1.2 years, and 1.5 years, respectively (p = 0.10). In multivariate analysis the factor most significantly associated with earlier initial regimen termination was poor adherence. On an initial regimen, adherence decreased over time and declined most rapidly in patients with the shortest regimens (4 to

Published
2006

31. Selective drug taking during combination antiretroviral therapy in an unselected clinic population

Author

Gardner, Edward M., Burman, William J., Maravi, Moises E., and Davidson, Arthur J.

Subjects
Antiviral agents -- Health aspects, Drug therapy, Combination -- Health aspects, Drugs -- Adverse and side effects, Drugs -- Research, Health
Abstract

The frequency, magnitude, associated factors and outcomes of selective drug taking during combination antiretroviral therapy are evaluated. The results indicate that the factors most closely associated with selective drug taking are the presence of an adverse drug event and clinical outcomes appear worse in these patients.

Published
2005

32. Conventional and Molecular epidemiology of macrolide resistance among new Mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from HIV-infected patients

Author

Gardner, Edward M., Burman, William J., DeGroote, Mary Ann, Hildred, Ginger, and Pace, Norman R.

Subjects
Mycobacterium avium complex -- Health aspects, Mycobacterium avium complex -- Research, Macrolide antibiotics -- Health aspects, Macrolide antibiotics -- Research, HIV patients -- Health aspects, Health, Health care industry
Published
2005

46. Risk-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing fails to detect the majority of HIV-infected persons in medical care settings

Author

Jenkins, Timothy C., Gardner, Edward M., Thrun, Mark W., Cohn, David L., and Burman, William J.

Subjects
HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Research, HIV patients -- Statistics, HIV (Viruses) -- Diagnosis, Health
Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate opportunities for earlier human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis within a comprehensive public health care system. Study Design: Retrospective review of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients between September 2001 and December 2003. Results: One hundred twenty of 348 (34%) newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients had medical care within our system in the 3 years before diagnosis. One hundred five of 120 (88%) patients had at least 1 prior encounter in the emergency department or urgent care center, whereas just 12 (10%) HIV diagnoses were made in these 2 sites. Only 33 (28%) patients previously presented with an HIV clinical indicator condition or sexually transmitted infection. Conclusions: Although one-third of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients had clinical visits in the 3 years before diagnosis, few presented with clinical conditions typically associated with HIV infection. Targeted testing based on clinical presentations is not likely to result in substantially earlier HIV diagnosis. Routine screening in high prevalence settings could be more effective.

Published
2006

48. Widespread emergence of methicillin resistance in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Denver

Author

Clancy, Megan J., Graepler, Amy, Breese, Peter E., Price, Connie S., and Burman, William J.

Subjects
Methicillin resistance -- Research -- Risk factors, Staphylococcus aureus -- Risk factors -- Research, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research -- Risk factors, Health, Research, Risk factors
Abstract

Background: Increasing rates of methicillin resistance among outpatient Staphylococcus aureus infections led us to assess the epidemiology and outcome of a local outbreak. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of outpatient [...]

Published
2005

50. Opposing associations of depression with sexual behaviour: implications for epidemiological investigation among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.

Author

Miltz, Ada R., Rodger, Alison J., Phillips, Andrew N., Sewell, Janey, Edwards, Simon, Allan, Sris, Sherr, Lorraine, Johnson, Anne M., Burman, William J., Lampe, Fiona C., and ASTRA and AURAH Study Groups

Subjects
BISEXUALITY, RISK-taking behavior, RESEARCH, HUMAN sexuality, CROSS-sectional method, RESEARCH methodology, CLINICS, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, HOMOSEXUALITY, COMPARATIVE studies, MENTAL depression, DISEASE prevalence, QUESTIONNAIRES, SEXUAL partners, UNSAFE sex
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this report is to investigate the nature of the relationship between depression and condomless sex (CLS) among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).Methods: Data are from the Antiretrovirals, Sexual Transmission Risk and Attitude (ASTRA) study of people living with HIV and attending one of eight HIV outpatient clinics in England (2011-2012) and the Attitudes to and Understanding of Risk of Acquisition of HIV (AURAH) study of HIV-negative/unknown status individuals attending one of 20 genitourinary medicine clinics in England (2013-2014). This analysis included GBMSM only. For each study, the prevalence of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10) was presented according to three categories of sex in the past 3 months (considering anal/vaginal sex with men/women and anal sex with men in separate definitions): (1) no sex, (2) condom-protected sex only and (3) CLS. Multinomial logistic regression with 'condom-protected sex only' as the reference group was used to adjust for age and (for ASTRA participants) time since HIV diagnosis.Results: There were opposing associations of depression with recent sexual behaviour: the prevalence of depression was higher among those who reported no sex and those who reported CLS, compared with those who reported condom-protected sex only. Among the 2170 HIV-positive GBMSM in ASTRA, considering anal/vaginal sex with men/women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 32%, 20% and 28%, respectively, among men reporting no sex (n=783), condom-protected sex only (n=551) and CLS (n=836) (global p<0.001). Among the 1477 HIV-negative GBMSM in AURAH, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 12%, 8% and 13%, respectively, for no sex (n=137), condom-protected sex only (n=487) and CLS (n=853) (global p=0.017). Patterns were similar after adjustment and when only considering anal sex between men.Conclusions: Depression may be linked both to lack of sexual activity and to sexual risk taking. When investigating associations between depression and CLS, it is important to separate out individuals reporting condom-protected sex only from those reporting no sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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