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1. Lifestyles and socio-cultural factors among children aged 6-8 years from five Italian towns: The MAPEC-LIFE study cohort

Author

Bagordo, Francesco, De Donno, Antonella, Grassi, Tiziana, Guido, Marcello, Devoti, Gabriele, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Feretti, Donatella, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Salvatori, Tania, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Casini, Beatrice, Bonetta, Sara, Carraro, Elisabetta, Schilirò, Tiziana, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, Gelatti, Umberto, Serio, Francesca, De Giorgi, Mattia, Idolo, Adele, Verri, Tiziano, Covolo, Loredana, Donato, Francesco, Festa, Andrea, Limina, Rosa Maria, Zerbini, Ilaria, Fatigoni, Cristina, Levorato, Sara, Monarca, Silvano, Vannini, Samuele, Donzelli, Gabriele, Bruni, Beatrice, Palomba, Giacomo, Bonetta, Silvia, Gea, Marta, Gilli, Giorgio, Pignata, Cristina, Romanazzi, Valeria, Furia, Camilla, Codenotti, Roberta, Colombi, Paolo, Crottini, Stefano, Gaffurini, Laura, Zagni, Licia, Bagordo, Francesco, De Donno, Antonella, Grassi, Tiziana, Guido, Marcello, Devoti, Gabriele, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Feretti, Donatella, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Salvatori, Tania, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Casini, Beatrice, Bonetta, Sara, Carraro, Elisabetta, Schilirò, Tiziana, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, Gelatti, Umberto, Serio, Francesca, De Giorgi, Mattia, Idolo, Adele, Verri, Tiziano, Covolo, Loredana, Donato, Francesco, Festa, Andrea, Limina, Rosa Maria, Zerbini, Ilaria, Fatigoni, Cristina, Levorato, Sara, Monarca, Silvano, Vannini, Samuele, Donzelli, Gabriele, Bruni, Beatrice, Palomba, Giacomo, Bonetta, Silvia, Gea, Marta, Gilli, Giorgio, Pignata, Cristina, Romanazzi, Valeria, Furia, Camilla, Codenotti, Roberta, Colombi, Paolo, Crottini, Stefano, Gaffurini, Licia, Zagni, Licia, Donzelli, Gabriela, Gaffurini, Laura, and Zagni, Licia.

Subjects
Male, Parents, Passive smoking, Health Status, Health Behavior, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Air pollution, Children, Exposure, Lifestyles, MAPEC-LIFE Study, Questionnaire, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, MAPEC_LIFE Study, Family Characteristics, Children, Lifestyles, Exposure, Air pollution, Questionnaire, MAPEC_LIFE Study, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Italy, Cohort, Female, Seasons, Public Health, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, Humans, Cities, Life Style, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Public health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Lifestyle, Obesity, Socioeconomic Factors, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Residence, Biostatistics, business
Abstract

Background Lifestyles profoundly determine the quality of an individual’s health and life since his childhood. Many diseases in adulthood are avoidable if health-risk behaviors are identified and improved at an early stage of life. The aim of the present research was to characterize a cohort of children aged 6–8 years selected in order to perform an epidemiological molecular study (the MAPEC_LIFE study), investigate lifestyles of the children that could have effect on their health status, and assess possible association between lifestyles and socio-cultural factors. Methods A questionnaire composed of 148 questions was administered in two different seasons to parents of children attending 18 primary schools in five Italian cities (Torino, Brescia, Pisa, Perugia and Lecce) to obtain information regarding the criteria for exclusion from the study, demographic, anthropometric and health information on the children, as well as some aspects on their lifestyles and parental characteristics. The results were analyzed in order to assess the frequency of specific conditions among the different seasons and cities and the association between lifestyles and socio-economic factors. Results The final cohort was composed of 1,164 children (50.9 boys, 95.4% born in Italy). Frequency of some factors appeared different in terms of the survey season (physical activity in the open air, the ways of cooking certain foods) and among the various cities (parents’ level of education and rate of employment, sport, traffic near the home, type of heating, exposure to passive smoking, ways of cooking certain foods). Exposure to passive smoking and cooking fumes, obesity, residence in areas with heavy traffic, frequency of outdoor play and consumption of barbecued and fried foods were higher among children living in families with low educational and/or occupational level while children doing sports and consuming toasted bread were more frequent in families with high socio-economic level. Conclusions The socio-economic level seems to affect the lifestyles of children enrolled in the study including those that could cause health effects. Many factors are linked to the geographical area and may depend on environmental, cultural and social aspects of the city of residence.

Published
2017

2. Results from the European Union MAPEC_LIFE cohort study on air pollution and chromosomal damage in children: are public health policies sufficiently protective?

Author

Ceretti, Elisabetta, Donato, Francesco, Zani, Claudia, Villarini, Milena, Verani, Marco, De Donno, Antonella, Bonetta, Sara, Feretti, Donatella, Carducci, Annalaura, Idolo, Adele, Carraro, Elisabetta, Covolo, Loredana, Moretti, Massimo, Palomba, Giacomo, Grassi, Tiziana, Bonetti, Alberto, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Biggeri, Annibale, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
AIR pollution, AIR pollutants, HEALTH policy, AIR quality, POISSON regression, ENVIRONMENTAL policy, ENVIRONMENTAL exposure
Abstract

Background: Children are at high risk of suffering health consequences of air pollution and childhood exposure can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood. This study, part of the MAPEC_LIFE project (LIFE12 ENV/IT/000614), aimed to investigate the associations between exposure to urban air pollutants and micronucleus (MN) frequency, as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, in buccal cells of children for supporting implementation and updating of environmental policy and legislation. Methods: This prospective epidemiological cohort study was carried out on 6- to 8-year-old children living in five Italian towns with different levels and features of air pollution. Exfoliated buccal cells of the children were sampled twice, in winter and spring, obtaining 2139 biological samples for genotoxicological investigation. Micronucleus (MN) frequency was investigated in buccal cells of children and its association with air pollution exposure was assessed applying multiple Poisson regression mixed models, including socio-demographic and lifestyle factors as confounders. We also dichotomize air pollutants' concentration according to the EU Ambient Air Quality Directives and WHO Air Quality Guidelines in all Poisson regression models to assess their risk predictive capacity. Results: Positive and statistically significant associations were found between MN frequency and PM10, PM2.5, benzene, SO2 and ozone. The increment of the risk of having MN in buccal cells for each μg/m3 increase of pollutant concentration was maximum for benzene (18.9%, 95% CIs 2.2–38.4%) and modest for the other pollutants (between 0.2 and 1.4%). An increased risk (between 17.9% and 59.8%) was found also for exposure to PM10, benzene and benzo(a)pyrene levels higher than the threshold limits. Conclusions: Some air pollutants are able to induce chromosomal damage in buccal cells of children even at concentrations below present EU/WHO limits. This type of biological effects may be indicative of the environmental pressure which populations are exposed to in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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4. Socio-economic and environmental factors associated with overweight and obesity in children aged 6–8 years living in five Italian cities (The MAPEC_LIFE cohort)

Author

Grassi, Tiziana, De Donno, Antonella, Bagordo, Francesco, Serio, Francesca, Piscitelli, Prisco, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Viola, Gaia C. V., Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Levorato, Sara, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Donzelli, Gabriele, Bonetta, Sara, Bonetta, Silvia, Carraro, Elisabetta, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
MAPEC_LIFE study, body weight, children, obesity, overweight, socio-economic factors
Published
2016

6. Genotoxic and oxidative damage of PM0.5 organic extracts from different Italian towns: preliminary results of the MAPEC (Monitoring Air Pollution Effects on Children for supporting public health policy) study

Author

Bonetta Sara, Bonetta Silvia, Ceretti Elisabetta, Romanazzi Valeria, Moretti Massimo, Schilirò Tiziana, Verani Marco, Pignata Cristina, De Donno Antonella, Gilli Giorgio, Bonizzoni Silvia, Bonetti Alberto, Carraro Elisabetta, Gelatti Umberto, Study Group MAPEC_LIFE, Sara, Bonetta, Silvia, Bonetta, Elisabetta, Ceretti, Valeria, Romanazzi, Moretti, Massimo, Tiziana, Schilirò, Marco, Verani, Cristina, Pignata, DE DONNO, Maria Antonella, Giorgio, Gilli, Silvia, Bonizzoni, Alberto, Bonetti, Elisabetta, Carraro, Umberto, Gelatti, and Mapec_life, Study Group

Subjects
lcsh:QH426-470, genotoxicity, Organic extract, Ames test, air genotoxicity, lcsh:Genetics, A549, comet assay, Micronucleus test, Genetics, particulate matter, genotoxicity, A549, comet assay, Ames test, Micronucleus test, Molecular Medicine, Particulate Matter, A549 cells, MAPEC study, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

Background – Air pollution is one of the most important worldwide health concern (WHO_Europe, 2013). In the last years, in both the US and Europe, new directives and regulations supporting more restrictive pollution limits were published (Krzyzanowski, 2008). However, the early effects of air pollution cannot be avoided, especially for the urban population (EEA, 2012). Several epidemiological and toxicological studies have documented the remarkable effect of particulate matter (PM) in increasing morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease, lung cancer and natural cause mortality. The finest fractions of PM (PM with aerodynamic diameter 13) with and without Fpg enzyme according to standard protocol. A medium-throughput approach (Shaposhnikov et al., 2010) was applied to the comet assay by using 12-gel units (Severn Biotech Ltd., UK). Results - The 12-gel slides were stained with ethidium bromide and examined under a fluorescence microscope; 100 cells per sample (two spots/sample dilution), random selected, were analysed using the Comet Assay IV (Perceptive Instruments, UK). The tail intensity (% DNA) was selected as the parameter to estimate DNA damage and oxidative stress. Results were expressed as genotoxic parameter per cubic meter of air equivalent. The analysis of PM0.5 samples collected in winter and spring seasons (2014-2015) in the 5 Italian towns is still ongoing. Preliminary data will be presented at the workshop. Conclusions - Results obtained with the comet assay in human cells (A549) will be used to evaluate the role of the PM0.5 on genotoxic and oxidative damage in oral mucosa cells of Italian children and will highlight the variability in genotoxic and oxidative stress of PM0.5 samples collected in urban site with different levels of airborne pollutants. Components of the MAPEC_LIFE Study Group: University of Brescia: Loredana Covolo, Francesco Donato, Donatella Feretti, Andrea Festa, Rosa Maria Limina, Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola, Claudia Zani, Ilaria Zerbini. University of Perugia: Cristina Fatigoni, Sara Levorato, Silvano Monarca, Valentina Petrosi, Tania Salvatori, Samuele Vannini, Milena Villarini. University of Pisa: Annalaura Carducci, Beatrice Casini, Gabriele Donzelli, Beatrice Bruni. University of Salento: Adele Idolo, Francesco Bagordo, Davide Calcagnile, Tiziana Grassi, Francesca Serio, Marcello Guido, Maria Rosaria Tumolo Comune di Brescia: Silvia Bonizzoni, Camilla Furia. CSMT Gestione S.c.a.r.l.3: Alberto Bonetti, Roberta Codenotti, Paolo Colombi, Stefano Crottini, Evelyn Mario.

Published
2015

7. Primary and oxidative DNA damage in salivary leukocytes as a tool for the evaluation of air pollution early biological effects in children: current status of the MAPEC (Monitoring Air Pollution Effects on Children for supporting public health policy) study

Author

Vannini, Samuele, Levorato, Sara, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Villarini, Milena, Bonetta, Sara, Fatigoni, Cristina, Carducci, Annalaura, Moretti, Massimo, Donno, Antonella De, Salvatori, Tania, Perotti, Alessio, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, Gelatti, Umberto, Samuele, Vannini, Sara, Levorato, Elisabetta, Ceretti, Milena, Villarini, Sara, Bonetta, Cristina, Fatigoni, Carducci, Annalaura, Moretti, Massimo, DE DONNO, Maria Antonella, Tania, Salvatori, Alessio, Perotti, Silvia, Bonizzoni, Alberto, Bonetti, and Umberto, Gelatti

Subjects
lcsh:Genetics, lcsh:QH426-470, Air Pollution, Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Comet Assay, Lymphocytes, Public Health, Children, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

Background - Air pollution is a global problem: airborne or deposited pollutants are present everywhere on the planet, from highly polluted to remote areas. Twenty per cent of the EU urban population lives in areas where the EU air quality 24-hour limit value for particulate matter (PM10) is exceeded. At present, PM is Europe's most problematic pollutant in terms of harm to health, as reported by European Environmental Agency (EEA) in the EEA Technical Report on Air quality in Europe, 2011. Among the top 30 most polluted cities in Europe, more than half are Italian; in particular, the Po Valley is the most polluted area in Europe, with the concentrations of PM10, PM2,5 and NOx being well above the EU reference values for many days of the year. Epidemiological studies have found a consistent association between exposure to air pollution, especially to PM, and the incidence and mortality for several chronic diseases such as lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Lanki et al., 2015). Among the mechanisms responsible for these adverse effects, genotoxic damage is of particular concern. Children are a high risk group with respect to the short- and long-term effects of air pollution. Indeed recent data suggest that genetic damage occurring early in childhood can increase the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, in adulthood. The aim of the MAPEC (Monitoring Air Pollution Effects on Children for supporting public health policy) study is to evaluate the associations between air pollution and biomarkers of early biological effects in children, and to propose a model for estimating the global risk of early biological effects due to air pollutants and other factors in children (Feretti et al., 2013). Methods and analysis – Enrollment of children was performed in five Italian towns characterized by different concentrations of air polluntants: Brescia and Torino, in the Po Valley, in the Northern Italy, Pisa and Perugia located in Central Italy, and Lecce, in Southern Italy. The towns in Central and Southern Italy show lower PM values than towns in Northern Italy allowing us to make valuable comparisons between areas with higher and lower air pollution. About 1,000 children (200 children per town) aged 6-8 years were recruited in the study from first grade schools. The sample size of the study was determined in order to detect statistically significant differences in the studied parameters (i.e., primary DNA damage in lymphocytes from saliva and MN in buccal mucosa cells) among children living in towns with high air pollution and those living in less polluted towns. Biological samples were collected (1,000 × 2 = 2,000 samples) at two separate times, in winter and in late spring. In order to collect the cells for the comet assay, the children were asked to rinse their mouths twice with mineral water and the mouthwashes were then collected in tubes containing 25 ml of saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) to obtain leukocytes (Osswald et al., 2003). Leukocytes were processed in order to evaluate primary and oxidative (FPG) DNA damage caused by exposure to air pollutants. The comet assay in alkaline conditions (pH>13) was performed according to the standard protocol as well as to detect oxidative damage using FPG incubation (Azqueta et al., 2013). A medium-throughput approach (Shaposhnikov et al., 2010) was applied to the comet assay by using 12-gel units (Severn Biotech Ltd., UK). The slides (coded) were sent to the University of Parma for microscope analysis (blind). Results - The 12-gel slides were stained with ethidium bromide and examined under a fluorescence microscope; 50 randomly selected comets per spot (two spots/subject) were analysed. DNA damage was measured using the tail intensity (% DNA) parameter (Comet Assay IV, Perceptive Instruments, UK. Microscope analysis of cells sampled on winter 2014 is still ongoing. Preliminary data will be presented at the conference. Conclusions - The main objective of the MAPEC study is to evaluate the associations in children between air pollutants and early biological effects, and to propose a model for estimating the global genotoxic risk.

Published
2015

8. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects induced by PM0.5 of different Italian towns in human cells and bacteria: The MAPEC_LIFE study.

Author

Bonetta, Sara, Bonetta, Silvia, Schilirò, Tiziana, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Feretti, Donatella, Covolo, Loredana, Vannini, Samuele, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Verani, Marco, Carducci, Annalaura, Bagordo, Francesco, De Donno, Antonella, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, Pignata, Cristina, Carraro, Elisabetta, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
GENETIC toxicology, CELLS, PARTICULATE matter, SALMONELLA, POLLUTION
Abstract

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) is considered an atmospheric pollutant that mostly affects human health. The finest fractions of PM (PM 2.5 or less) play a major role in causing chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of PM 0.5 collected in five Italian towns using different bioassays. The role of chemical composition on the genotoxicity induced was also evaluated. The present study was included in the multicentre MAPEC_LIFE project, which aimed to evaluate the associations between air pollution exposure and early biological effects in Italian children. PM 10 samples were collected in 2 seasons (winter and spring) using a high-volume multistage cascade impactor. The results showed that PM 0.5 represents a very high proportion of PM 10 (range 10–63%). PM 0.5 organic extracts were chemically analysed (PAH s , nitro-PAH s) and tested by the comet assay (A549 and BEAS-2B cells), MN test (A549 cells) and Ames test on Salmonella strains (TA100, TA98, TA98NR and YG1021). The highest concentrations of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in PM 0.5 were observed in the Torino, Brescia and Pisa samples in winter. The Ames test showed low mutagenic activity. The highest net revertants/m3 were observed in the Torino and Brescia samples (winter), and the mutagenic effect was associated with PM 0.5 (p < 0.01), PAH and nitro-PAH (p < 0.05) concentrations. The YG1021 strain showed the highest sensitivity to PM 0.5 samples. No genotoxic effect of PM 0.5 extracts was observed using A549 cells except for some samples in winter (comet assay), while BEAS-2B cells showed light DNA damage in the Torino, Brescia and Pisa samples in winter, highlighting the higher sensitivity of BEAS-2B cells, which was consistent with the Ames test (p < 0.01). The results obtained showed that it is important to further investigate the finest fractions of PM, which represent a relevant percentage of PM 10 , taking into account the chemical composition and the biological effects induced. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The genotoxic effects of PM 0.5 collected in 5 Italian towns were evaluated. • PM 0.5 represents a very high proportion of PM 10. • PM 0.5 organic extracts induced low mutagenic and genotoxic effects. • The YG1021 strain and BEAS-2B cells showed a greater sensitivity to PM 0.5 samples. • The biological effects were associated with levels of PM 0.5 , PAHs and nitro-PAHs. Results highlighted the importance to further investigate the finest fractions of PM, which represent a relevant percentage of PM 10 , taking into account its chemical composition and the biological effects induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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11. Lifestyles and socio-cultural factors among children aged 6-8 years from five Italian towns: the MAPEC_LIFE study cohort.

Author

Bagordo, Francesco, De Donno, Antonella, Grassi, Tiziana, Guido, Marcello, Devoti, Gabriele, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Feretti, Donatella, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Salvatori, Tania, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Casini, Beatrice, Bonetta, Sara, Carraro, Elisabetta, Schilirò, Tiziana, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
CHILDREN'S health, LIFESTYLES, SOCIOCULTURAL factors, SOCIOECONOMICS, PUBLIC health, PHYSIOLOGY, FAMILIES, HEALTH behavior, HEALTH status indicators, LONGITUDINAL method, METROPOLITAN areas, PARENTS, PASSIVE smoking, SEASONS, SOCIOECONOMIC factors
Abstract

Background: Lifestyles profoundly determine the quality of an individual's health and life since his childhood. Many diseases in adulthood are avoidable if health-risk behaviors are identified and improved at an early stage of life. The aim of the present research was to characterize a cohort of children aged 6-8 years selected in order to perform an epidemiological molecular study (the MAPEC_LIFE study), investigate lifestyles of the children that could have effect on their health status, and assess possible association between lifestyles and socio-cultural factors.Methods: A questionnaire composed of 148 questions was administered in two different seasons to parents of children attending 18 primary schools in five Italian cities (Torino, Brescia, Pisa, Perugia and Lecce) to obtain information regarding the criteria for exclusion from the study, demographic, anthropometric and health information on the children, as well as some aspects on their lifestyles and parental characteristics. The results were analyzed in order to assess the frequency of specific conditions among the different seasons and cities and the association between lifestyles and socio-economic factors.Results: The final cohort was composed of 1,164 children (50.9 boys, 95.4% born in Italy). Frequency of some factors appeared different in terms of the survey season (physical activity in the open air, the ways of cooking certain foods) and among the various cities (parents' level of education and rate of employment, sport, traffic near the home, type of heating, exposure to passive smoking, ways of cooking certain foods). Exposure to passive smoking and cooking fumes, obesity, residence in areas with heavy traffic, frequency of outdoor play and consumption of barbecued and fried foods were higher among children living in families with low educational and/or occupational level while children doing sports and consuming toasted bread were more frequent in families with high socio-economic level.Conclusions: The socio-economic level seems to affect the lifestyles of children enrolled in the study including those that could cause health effects. Many factors are linked to the geographical area and may depend on environmental, cultural and social aspects of the city of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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12. Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 6-8 Years Living in Five Italian Cities (the MAPEC_LIFE Cohort).

Author

Grassi, Tiziana, De Donno, Antonella, Bagordo, Francesco, Serio, Francesca, Piscitelli, Prisco, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Viola, Gaia C. V., Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Levorato, Sara, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Donzelli, Gabriele, Bonetta, Sara, Bonetta, Silvia, Carraro, Elisabetta, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, and Gelatti, Umberto

Published
2016
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13. Occhialini and the Università Libre de Bruxelles. An interview by L. Gariboldi.

Author

Redondi, Pietro, Sironi, Giorgio, Tucci, Pasquale, Vegni, Guido, Bonetti, Alberto, and Gariboldi, Leonardo

Abstract

Prof. Bonetti, Occhialini left Bristol in 1948 to begin a new scientific adventure at the Centre de Physique Nuclàaire of the Free University of Brussels, a group led by Max Cosyns. You joined this group a few months later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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14. The Arcetri School of Physics.

Author

Redondi, Pietro, Sironi, Giorgio, Tucci, Pasquale, Vegni, Guido, Bonetti, Alberto, and Mazzoni, Massimo

Abstract

The years between the first and the second World War (broadly from 1920 to 1940) are remarkable in Italy for the achievements attained in physical research. This was because of rather peculiar circumstances which made the Physical Institutes of the Universities of Rome and Florence the centre of advanced research and of formation of research leaders. Both groups originated through the dedication and the vision of enlightened men, Orso Mario Corbino in Rome and Antonio Garbasso in Florence, both good physicists open to the extraordinary discoveries of the years before and after the first World War, both sincere patriots willing to give their country a sound and up-to-date scientific culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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16. Correction to: Results from the European Union MAPEC_LIFE cohort study on air pollution and chromosomal damage in children: are public health policies sufficiently protective?

Author

Ceretti, Elisabetta, Donato, Francesco, Zani, Claudia, Villarini, Milena, Verani, Marco, De Donno, Antonella, Bonetta, Sara, Feretti, Donatella, Carducci, Annalaura, Idolo, Adele, Carraro, Elisabetta, Covolo, Loredana, Moretti, Massimo, Palomba, Giacomo, Grassi, Tiziana, Bonetti, Alberto, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Biggeri, Annibale, Gelatti, Umberto, and MAPEC_LIFE Study Group

Subjects
HEALTH policy, AIR pollution, COHORT analysis
Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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17. Winter Air Pollution and Genotoxic Effects in Children Living in a Highly Polluted Urban Area.

Author

Zani, Claudia, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Feretti, Donatella, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Verani, Marco, De Donno, Antonella, Bonetta, Sara, Buschini, Annamaria, Bonetti, Alberto, Bonizzoni, Silvia, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
DNA damage, AIR pollution, AIR pollutants, WINTER, NUCLEOLUS, POLLUTION
Abstract

Air pollutants, especially PM, have been found to determine various effects on human health, including genotoxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess DNA damage with micronuclei (MN) and comet tests on buccal cells of 6–8 years old children living in an area with high air pollution. Both tests were repeated in the same children in two consecutive winters to compare the levels of DNA damage under different pollution conditions. A complete data set including lifestyle, air pollutants levels and biological sampling was available for 180 children in the two winters. A high mean MN frequency was found in both seasons, with higher value in the first (0.51 ± 0.59) than the second winter (0.40 ± 0.52), whereas DNA damage measured with comet test showed higher damage in the second versus the first winter (visual score 208.8 ± 67.1 vs. 173.2 ± 50.8). The associations between air pollutant levels (CO, NO2, SO2, benzene, O3, PM10, and PM2.5; PM0.5 and PAHs) and DNA damage were investigated at different lag times, and mainly, no significant association was found. This study on repeated measure of MN frequency and DNA damage in children's buccal did not show an association with various air pollutants evaluated in an area with high levels of air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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21. Buccal micronucleus cytome assay in primary school children: A descriptive analysis of the MAPEC_LIFE multicenter cohort study.

Author

Villarini, Milena, Levorato, Sara, Salvatori, Tania, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Bonetta, Sara, Carducci, Annalaura, Grassi, Tiziana, Vannini, Samuele, Donato, Francesco, Bonetta, Silvia, Verani, Marco, de Donno, Antonella, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, Moretti, Massimo, Gelatti, Umberto, and MAPEC LIFE Study Group

Subjects
*HEALTH of school children, *CHRONIC diseases, *NUCLEOLUS, *STATISTICAL hypothesis testing, *BODY mass index, *AIR pollution, *COMPARATIVE studies, *LONGITUDINAL method, *RESEARCH methodology, *MEDICAL cooperation, *ORAL mucosa, *RESEARCH, *SCHOOLS, *SEASONS, *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, *EVALUATION research
Abstract

Background: Recent data support the hypothesis that genetic damage occurring early in life during childhood can play an important role in the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, including cancer.Objectives: The objective of this paper, part of the MAPEC_LIFE project, is to describe the frequency of micronuclei and meta-nuclear alterations in exfoliated buccal cells of 6-8year-old Italian children recruited in five Italian towns (i.e., Brescia, Torino, Pisa, Perugia and Lecce) with different air pollution levels.Methods: About 200 children per town were recruited from primary schools. Biological samples were collected twice from the same children, in two different seasons (winter 2014-15 and late spring 2015). Cytogenetic damage was evaluated by the buccal micronucleus cytome assay.Results: Overall,n = 1046 children represent the final cohort of the MAPEC_LIFE study. On the whole, the results showed a higher mean MN frequency in winter (0.42 ± 0.54‰) than late-spring (0.22 ± 0.34‰). MN frequency observed among the five Italian towns showed a trend that follows broadly the levels of air pollution in Italy: the highest MN frequency was observed in Brescia during both seasons, the lowest in Lecce (winter) and Perugia (late-spring).Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the number of recruited children included in the analysis (n = 1046) is the highest compared to previous studies evaluating the frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells so far. MN frequency was associated with winter season and living in towns at various levels of air pollution, suggesting an important role of this exposure in determining early cytogenetic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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22. Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children Aged 6–8 Years Living in Five Italian Cities (the MAPEC_LIFE Cohort)

Author

Francesco Bagordo, Elisabetta Ceretti, Elisabetta Carraro, Tiziana Grassi, Claudia Zani, Gaia Claudia Viviana Viola, Gabriele Donzelli, S. Bonizzoni, Sara Levorato, A. Bonetti, Sara Bonetta, Prisco Piscitelli, Umberto Gelatti, Silvia Bonetta, Annalaura Carducci, Massimo Moretti, Marco Verani, Francesca Di Serio, Antonella De Donno, Milena Villarini, Grassi, Tiziana, DE DONNO, Maria Antonella, Bagordo, Francesco, Serio, Francesca, Piscitelli, Prisco, Ceretti, Elisabetta, Zani, Claudia, Viola, Gaia C. V, Villarini, Milena, Moretti, Massimo, Levorato, Sara, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Donzelli, Gabriele, Bonetta, Sara, Bonetta, Silvia, Carraro, Elisabetta, Bonizzoni, Silvia, Bonetti, Alberto, and Gelatti, Umberto

Subjects
Male, Parents, obesity, Cross-sectional study, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Binomial regression, lcsh:Medicine, Overweight, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, body weight, overweight, children, socio-economic factors, MAPEC_LIFE study, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Public health policy, Italy, Health, Cohort, Body weight, Children, Obesity, Socio-economic factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Female, Public Health, medicine.symptom, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Negatively associated, Environmental health, medicine, Area of residence, Humans, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Cities, Life Style, business.industry, lcsh:R, Environmental and Occupational Health, Body Weight, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, business
Abstract

The prevalence of obesity among Italian children has reached such alarming levels as to require detailed studies of the causes of the phenomenon. A cross-sectional study was carried out in order to assess the weight status of 1164 Italian children aged 6–8 years (the Monitoring Air Pollution Effects on Children for Supporting Public Health Policy (MAPEC_LIFE) cohort) and to identify any associations between selected socio-economic and environmental factors and overweight/obesity. The data were obtained by means of a questionnaire given to parents, and any associations were examined by binomial logistic regression analyses. Overweight was found to be positively associated with male gender, parents of non-Italian origin, and parents who smoke, and negatively associated with the parents’ level of education and employment. In addition, the frequency of overweight varied in relation to the geographical area of residence, with a greater prevalence of overweight children in the cities of central-southern Italy. This study highlights the need to implement appropriate obesity prevention programs in Italy, which should include educational measures concerning lifestyle for parents from the earliest stages of their child’s life.

Published
2016

23. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects induced by PM 0.5 of different Italian towns in human cells and bacteria: The MAPEC&#95;LIFE study.

Author

Bonetta S, Bonetta S, Schilirò T, Ceretti E, Feretti D, Covolo L, Vannini S, Villarini M, Moretti M, Verani M, Carducci A, Bagordo F, De Donno A, Bonizzoni S, Bonetti A, Pignata C, Carraro E, and Gelatti U

Subjects
A549 Cells, Air Pollutants analysis, Child, Cities, Epithelial Cells pathology, Humans, Italy, Mutagenicity Tests methods, Particle Size, Particulate Matter analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Salmonella genetics, Seasons, Air Pollutants toxicity, DNA Damage, Epithelial Cells drug effects, Particulate Matter toxicity, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity, Salmonella drug effects
Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) is considered an atmospheric pollutant that mostly affects human health. The finest fractions of PM (PM 2.5 or less) play a major role in causing chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of PM 0.5 collected in five Italian towns using different bioassays. The role of chemical composition on the genotoxicity induced was also evaluated. The present study was included in the multicentre MAPEC&#95;LIFE project, which aimed to evaluate the associations between air pollution exposure and early biological effects in Italian children. PM 10 samples were collected in 2 seasons (winter and spring) using a high-volume multistage cascade impactor. The results showed that PM 0.5 represents a very high proportion of PM 10 (range 10-63%). PM 0.5 organic extracts were chemically analysed (PAH s , nitro-PAH s ) and tested by the comet assay (A549 and BEAS-2B cells), MN test (A549 cells) and Ames test on Salmonella strains (TA100, TA98, TA98NR and YG1021). The highest concentrations of PAHs and nitro-PAHs in PM 0.5 were observed in the Torino, Brescia and Pisa samples in winter. The Ames test showed low mutagenic activity. The highest net revertants/m 3 were observed in the Torino and Brescia samples (winter), and the mutagenic effect was associated with PM 0.5 (p < 0.01), PAH and nitro-PAH (p < 0.05) concentrations. The YG1021 strain showed the highest sensitivity to PM 0.5 samples. No genotoxic effect of PM 0.5 extracts was observed using A549 cells except for some samples in winter (comet assay), while BEAS-2B cells showed light DNA damage in the Torino, Brescia and Pisa samples in winter, highlighting the higher sensitivity of BEAS-2B cells, which was consistent with the Ames test (p < 0.01). The results obtained showed that it is important to further investigate the finest fractions of PM, which represent a relevant percentage of PM 10 , taking into account the chemical composition and the biological effects induced., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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24. Health Risk Associated with Exposure to PM 10 and Benzene in Three Italian Towns.

Author

De Donno A, De Giorgi M, Bagordo F, Grassi T, Idolo A, Serio F, Ceretti E, Feretti D, Villarini M, Moretti M, Carducci A, Verani M, Bonetta S, Pignata C, Bonizzoni S, Bonetti A, and Gelatti U

Subjects
Child, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Humans, Italy, Risk Assessment, Urban Population, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Benzene adverse effects, Environmental Exposure, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Vehicle Emissions analysis
Abstract

Air pollution in urban areas is a major concern as it negatively affects the health of a large number of people. The purpose of this study was to assess the inhalation health risk for exposure to PM 10 and benzene of the populations living in three Italian cities. Data regarding PM 10 and benzene daily measured by "traffic" stations and "background" stations in Torino, Perugia, and Lecce during 2014 and 2015 were compared to the limits indicated in the Directive 2008/50/EC. In addition, an inhalation risk analysis for exposure to benzene was performed for adults and children by applying the standard United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) methodology. The levels of PM 10 detected in Torino exceeded the legal limits in both years with an increased mean concentration >10 µg/m³ comparing with background station. Benzene concentrations never exceeded the legislative target value. The increased cancer risk (ICR) for children exposed to benzene was greater than 1 × 10 -6 only in the city of Torino, while for adults, the ICR was higher than 1 × 10 -6 in all the cities. The results suggest the need for emission reduction policies to preserve human health from continuous and long exposure to air pollutants. A revision of legal limits would also be recommended.

Published
2018
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