46 results on '"Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A."'
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2. Author Correction: A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Lalik, Sebastian, Ratajczyk, Paulina, Katrusiak, Andrzej, Krysiak, Piotr, Pawłowska, Agnieszka I., Marzec, Monika, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2023
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3. A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Lalik, Sebastian, Ratajczyk, Paulina, Katrusiak, Andrzej, Krysiak, Piotr, Pawłowska, Agnieszka I., Marzec, Monika, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2023
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4. Influence of imine symmetry and triphenylamine moieties on photovoltaic properties of BHJ organic solar cells
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Przybył, Wojciech, Dysz, Karolina, Dylong, Agnieszka, Gnida, Paweł, Schab-Balcerzak, Ewa, Kaim, Andrzej, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2023
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5. Microwave absorption properties of carbonyl iron-based paint coatings for military applications
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Przybył, Wojciech, Januszko, Adam, Radek, Norbert, Szczepaniak, Marcin, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, Szczodrowska, Bogusława, and Mazurczuk, Robert
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- 2023
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6. Influence of the (E)-N-(4-diphenylamino)benzylidene)benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine on the dielectric properties of P3HT, PCBM and P3HT:PCBM system in a wide temperature and frequency range
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Lalik, Sebastian, Urban, Stanisław, Świergiel, Jolanta, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof, Iwan, Agnieszka, and Marzec, Monika
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- 2023
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7. Thermal imaging and deep optical and electrochemical study of C70 fullerene derivatives with thiophene, pyrrolidine or indene moieties along with electropolymerization with thiophene substituted imine: Blends with P3HT and PTB7
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Kaim, Andrzej, Piotrowski, Piotr, Zarębska, Kamila, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Przybył, Wojciech, Kwak, Anna, Skompska, Magdalena, Gnida, Pawel, Schab-Balcerzak, Ewa, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2022
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8. Self-assembling discotic materials with low symmetry for organic photovoltaics
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Chen, Hsiu-Hui, Cigl, Martin, Cheng, Chu-Ti, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Iwan, Agnieszka, Podoliak, Natalia, Vaňkátová, Petra, Hamplová, Věra, Dysz, Karolina, Przybył, Wojciech, Nitschke, Pawel, Schab-Balcerzak, Ewa, Pociecha, Damian, and Bubnov, Alexej
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- 2022
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9. On the Feasibility of an LCD-Based Real-Time Converter for Ionizing Radiation Imaging.
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Januszko, Adam, Zych, Eugeniusz, Piecek, Wiktor, Pellowski, Witalis, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., and Iwan, Agnieszka
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NEMATIC liquid crystals ,ELECTRIC charge ,LIQUID crystal displays ,IONIZING radiation ,ELECTRIC fields ,CASCADE converters - Abstract
Here we present the cascade converter (CC), which provides real-time imaging of ionizing radiation (IoR) distribution. It was designed and manufactured with the simplest architecture, utilizing liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. Based on two merged substrates with transparent electrodes, armed with functional layers, with the cell filled with nematic liquid crystal, a display-like, IoR-stimulated CC was achieved. The CC comprises low-absorbing polymer substrates (made of polyethylene terephthalate—PET) armed with a transparent ITO electrode covered with a thin semipermeable membrane of polymer (biphenylperfluorocyclobutyl: BP-PFCB) doped with functional nanoparticles (NPs) of Lu
2 O3 :Eu. This stack was covered with a photoconductive layer of α-Se and finally with a thin polyimide (PI) layer for liquid crystal alignment. The opposite substrate was made of LCD-type glass with ITO and polyimide aligning layers. Both substrates form a cell with a twisted structure of nematic liquid crystal (TN) driven with an effective electric field E e f f . An effective electric field driving TN structure is generated with a sum of (1) a bias voltage V B I A S applied to ITO transparent electrodes and (2) the photogenerated additional voltage V X r a y induced between ITO and α-Se layers with a NPs-doped BP-PFCB polymer layer in-between. The IoR (here, X-ray) conversion into real imaging of the IoR distribution was achieved in the following stages: (1) conversion of IoR distribution into non-ionizing red light emitted with functional NPs, (2) transformation of red light into an electric charge distributed in a layer of the photoconductive α-Se, which is what results in the generation of distributed voltage V X r a y , and (3) a voltage-mediated, distributed switching of the TN structure observed with the naked eye. The presented imaging device is characterized by a simple structure and a simple manufacturing process, with the potential for use as a portable element of IoR detection and as a dosimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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10. Air-Stable and Eco-Friendly Symmetrical Imine with Thiadiazole Moieties in Neutral and Protonated form for Perovskite Photovoltaics.
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Iwan, Agnieszka, Dysz, Karolina, Przybyl, Wojciech, Marzec, Monika, Cichy, Kacper, and Świerczek, Konrad
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DIAMINES , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance , *THIADIAZOLES , *PROTON magnetic resonance , *INFRARED cameras , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation , *PEROVSKITE - Abstract
This paper proposes molecular and supramolecular concepts for potential application in perovskite solar cells. New air-stable symmetrical imine, with thiadiazole moieties PPL2: (5E,6E)-N2,N5-bis(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine), as a hole-transporting material was synthesised in a single-step reaction, starting with commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents, resulting in a reduction in the cost of the final product compared to Spiro-OMeTAD. Moreover, camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) in both enantiomeric forms was used to change the HOMO-LUMO levels and electric properties of the investigated imine-forming complexes. Electric, optical, thermal, and structural studies of the imine and its complexes with CSA were carried out to characterise the new material. Imine and imine/CSA complexes were also characterised in depth by the proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1H NMR method. The position of nitrogen in the thidiazole ring influences the basicity of donor centres, which results in protonation in the imine bond. Simple devices of ITO/imine (with or without CSA(−) or CSA(+))/Ag/ITO architecture were constructed, and a thermographic camera was used to find the defects in the created devices. Electric behaviour was also studied to demonstrate conductivity properties under the forward current. Finally, the electrical properties of imine and its protonated form with CSA were compared with Spiro-OMeTAD. In general, the analysis of thermal images showed a very similar response of the samples to the applied potential in terms of the homogeneity of the formed organic layer. The TGA analysis showed that the investigated imine exhibits good thermal stability in air and argon atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Electrochemical and optical studies of new symmetrical and unsymmetrical imines with thiazole and thiophene moieties
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Jewloszewicz, Beata, Dysz, Karolina, Przybyl, Wojciech, Dylong, Agnieszka, Mech, Wojciech, Korona, Krzysztof P., Skompska, Magdalena, Kaim, Andrzej, Kamińska, Maria, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2020
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12. A new look at imines and their mixture with PC71BM for organic, flexible photovoltaics.
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Lalik, Sebastian, Ratajczyk, Paulina, Katrusiak, Andrzej, Krysiak, Piotr, Pawłowska, Agnieszka I., Marzec, Monika, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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IMINES , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation , *ELECTRIC conductivity , *ELECTRON affinity , *ELECTRON mobility , *THIOPHENES , *FULLERENE derivatives - Abstract
Due to its high electron affinity and electron mobility in a wide absorption range of the visible solar spectrum, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is often used as an efficient acceptor in organic photovoltaics. In turn, imines are additives to the active layer of organic solar cells, mainly due to the free electron pair of the imine nitrogen atom and the presence of various chemical groups affecting the polarity and conformations of molecules. However, the attainable efficiency is not as high as expected. Therefore, we have systematically investigated two imines and their mixtures with PC71BM by spectroscopic (the high pressure UV–Vis and frequency domain dielectric), thermoelectric, and mechanical methods for organic, flexible photovoltaics. Both the imines, (N,NʹE,N,NʹE)-N,Nʹ-([2,2ʹ:5ʹ,2ʺ-terthiophene]-5,5ʺ-diylbis(methanylylidene))bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-imine) (SC3) and (6E)-N-((5-(5-(5-((E)-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)phenylimino)methyl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)methylene)-4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzenamine (SC13), have the same core composed of three thiophene rings but different terminal chains of the molecules. In the imine SC3, the imine bond is followed by benzothiazole rings on both sides of the core, while in SC13, a thiazole ring separates two benzene rings, the terminal one F-substituted. The difference in molecular structure affects the electric properties of the neat imine and its mixed layers. An addition of PC71BM to the imines improves their electric conductivity. The mechanical studies focused on the stress at break and elongation showed superior behaviour compared to fullerene derivative. High pressure systematically reduces the band gap energy, Eg, from 1.68 eV at 0.16 GPa to 1.51 eV at 2.69 GPa for PC71BM, from 1.77 eV at 0.1 MPa to 1.53 eV at 4.15 GPa for SC3, and from 1.99 eV at 0.11 GPa to 1.8 eV at 3.10 GPa for SC13, as determined by the UV–Vis absorbance measurements in a diamond-anvil cell. These Eg reductions reflect the compressed intermolecular interactions that can be used to monitor the structural stability of these compounds. Based on the dielectric studies it was found that the relaxation processes registered for both imines are probably the grain boundary relaxation. Two processes also appear in the systems with PC71BM, but none of them is the one characteristic of imines. The high-frequency process has a dipole character while the low-frequency one is probably the grain boundary relaxation of these systems. The mechanism of quasi-DC conduction in various temperature ranges in the studied systems was also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Advances in the design of self-supported ion-conducting membranes-new family of columnar liquid crystalline polyamines. Part 1: Copolymer synthesis and membrane preparation
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Montané, Xavier, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Colace, Gianmarco, Reina, José Antonio, Cerruti, Pierfrancesco, Lederer, Albena, and Giamberini, Marta
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- 2016
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14. Advances in the design of self-supported ion-conducting membranes – New family of columnar liquid crystalline polyamines. Part 2: Ion transport characterisation and comparison to hybrid membranes
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Montané, Xavier, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Prats-Reig, Judit, Colace, Gianmarco, Reina, José Antonio, and Giamberini, Marta
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- 2016
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15. Mimicking nature: Biomimetic ionic channels
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Bhosale, Suryakant V., Li, Yun, Vankelecom, Ivo F.J., Garcia-Valls, Ricard, Reina, José A., and Giamberini, Marta
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- 2016
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16. Liquid crystalline polymeric wires for selective proton transport, part 2: Ion transport in solid-state
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Sistat, Philippe, Reina, José A., and Giamberini, Marta
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- 2016
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17. Liquid crystalline polymeric wires for selective proton transport, part 1: Wires preparation
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Rapsilber, Griffin A., Reina, José A., and Giamberini, Marta
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- 2016
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18. Solar chargers based on new dye-based photovoltaic modules and new supercapacitors.
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PLEBANKIEWICZ, Ireneusz, BOGDANOWICZ, Krzysztof A., KWAŚNICKI, Paweł, SKUNIK-NUCKOWSKA, Magdalena, RA˛CZKA, Patryk M., KULESZA, Paweł, IWAN, Agnieszka, and PRZYBYŁ, Wojciech
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DYE-sensitized solar cells , *SUPERCAPACITORS , *POWER resources , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems , *ENERGY storage , *AQUEOUS electrolytes - Abstract
Electricity storage is one of the best-known methods of balancing the energy supply and demand at a given moment. The article presents an innovative solution for the construction of an electric energy storage device obtained from an innovative photovoltaic panel made of new dye-based photovoltaic modules and newly developed supercapacitors – which can be used as an emergency power source. In the paper, for the first time, we focused on the successful paring of new dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with novel supercapacitors. In the first step, a microprocessor stand was constructed using Artificial Intelligence algorithms to control the parameters of the environment, as well as the solar charger composed of six DSSC cells with the dimensions of 100×100 mm and 126 CR2032 coin cells with a total capacitance of 60 F containing redox-active aqueous electrolyte. It was proven that the solar charger store enough energy to power, i.e. SOS transmitter or igniters, using a 5 V signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Gaussian Model of Anti-Radar Properties for Coatings Based on Carbonyl Iron Powder.
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Przybył, Wojciech, Mazurczuk, Robert, Kalinowski, Artur, and Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A.
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SURFACE coatings ,IRON ,ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation ,COMPUTATIONAL electromagnetics ,IRON powder ,CURVE fitting - Abstract
The article presents the Gaussian model of the electromagnetic radiation attenuation properties of two resin systems containing 75% or 80% of a carbonyl iron load as an absorber in the 4–18 GHz range. For the attenuation values obtained in the laboratory, mathematical fitting was performed in the range of 4–40 GHz to visualize the full curve characteristics. The simulated curves fitted up to a 0.998 R
2 value of the experimental results. The in depth analysis of the simulated spectra allowed a thorough evaluation of the influence of the type of resin, absorber load, and layer thickness on reflection loss parameters such as the maximum attenuation, peak position, half-height width, and base slope of the peak. The simulated results were convergent with the literature findings, allowing a much deeper analysis. This confirmed that the suggested Gaussian model could provide additional information, useful in terms of comparative analyses of datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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20. Tests of Acid Batteries for Hybrid Energy Storage and Buffering System—A Technical Approach.
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Maleczek, Stanisław, Szczepaniak, Marcin, Radek, Norbert, Kowalkowski, Stanisław, and Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A.
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ENERGY storage ,SULFURIC acid ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,LEAD-acid batteries ,MILITARY miniatures ,POLYSULFIDES ,CRUMB rubber - Abstract
Many armies around the world showed an increasing interest for the technology of renewable energy sources for military applications. However, to profit fully from solar or wind energy, an energy storage system is needed. In this article, we present an energy storage system based on acid-lead batteries as a component of a modular generation-storage as a model of military "smart camp". We proposed a technical approach to study four different types of batteries: DEEP CYCLE, AGM, WET and VRLA in laboratory and real conditions typical for military equipment. It was observed that the best performance was observed for AGM battery in terms of the highest cold cracking amperage equal to 1205 A combined with the most compact construction and resistance to varying thermal conditions from −25 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C. Additionally, a 12-month long-term testing in real conditions revealed that AGM and VRLA showed decrease in capacity value maintaining only approx. 80% of initial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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21. Siloxane resins as hydrophobic self-cleaning layers for silicon and dye-sensitized solar cells: material and application aspects.
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Dutkiewicz, Michał, Maciejewski, Hieronim, Nowicki, Marek, Przybył, Wojciech, Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2022
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22. Dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties of l,d-poly(lactic acid) modified by 40-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile and sngle walled carbon nanotube
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Fryń, Patryk, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Krysiak, Piotr, Marzec, Monika, Iwan, Agnieszka, and Januszko, Adam
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SWCN ,thermographic camera ,hybrid materials ,electric properties ,mechanical properties ,l,d-poly(lactic acid), 5CB - Published
- 2019
23. A comprehensive optical and electrical study of unsymmetrical imine with four thiophene rings and their binary and ternary compositions with PTB7 and PC70BM towards organic photovoltaics.
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Jewłoszewicz, Beata, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Przybył, Wojciech, Dysz, Karolina, Dylong, Agnieszka, Gonciarz, Agnieszka, Pich, Robert, Mech, Wojciech, Korona, Krzysztof P., Kamińska, Maria, Zarębska, Kamila, Skompska, Magdalena, Kaim, Andrzej, Ciesielski, Arkadiusz, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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- 2020
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24. Liquid Crystalline Polymers for Smart Applications
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Giamberini, Marta, Reina, Antonio, and Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Departament d'Enginyeria Química
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Polímers CL ,Polímeros CL ,Microcapsules ,Microcapsulas ,Photosensitive ,Microcàpsules ,Fotosensible ,LC Polymers - Abstract
Polímers cristall-líquids (PCL) posseeixen propietats que són una combinació entre sòlids cristal·lins i fluids. Actualment, PCL que incorporen elements actius en l'estructura (pe, grups de foto-sensibles, dendrons, etc.) condueixen a un material selectivament sensible. S'informa que els polímers es poden aplicar en diversos sistemes pe com materials amb memòria de forma, sensors o pantalles foto-òptiques. Els nostres estudis se centren en dues aplicacions diferents: microcàpsules fotosensibles per a sistemes de lliurament controlat i les membranes autoacoblades conductores de protons per a la fotosíntesi artificial. La versatilitat i les propietats anisotrópicas de PCL, els fan com a candidats ideals per a nombrosos aplicacions intel·ligents. Per obtenir sistemes amb alliberament foto-activa, una família de copolímers, que conté alfa-estilbè i diferents espaiadors s'han dissenyat i sintetitzat. Alfa-estilbè és un mesogéno foto-actiu. Les microcàpsules basades d'alfa-metilestilbeno, amb vainillina en nucli, estaven preparats. Experiment d'alliberament amb i sense fotoirradiación va demostrar l'eficàcia d'aquest sistema. CLP d'estructura adequada per a auto-acoblament en una estructura columnar que podria ser efectiu en el transport de protons selectiu. Alineació homeotrópica de columnes en una membrana polimèrica permet aconseguir conductivitat de protons. Objectiu del nostre treball va ser: aconseguir estructures organitzades utilitzant poliamines modificades amb un mesógeno dendrític en posició lateral; preparació de membranes orientades usant aquests materials polimèrics; avaluar l'eficàcia de les membranes cap al transport de protons. Es van preparar membranes híbrides de ceràmica / poliamina. El material va mostrar alta conductivitat de protons selectiva i transport aigua-independent., Actualmente, PCL que incorporan elementos activos en la estructura (p.e., grupos de foto-sensibles, dendrones, etc.) conducen a un material selectivamente sensible. Se informa de que los polímeros se pueden aplicar en varios sistemas p.e. como materiales con memoria de forma, sensores o pantallas foto-ópticas. Nuestros estudios se centran en dos aplicaciones diferentes: microcápsulas fotosensibles para sistemas de entrega controlada y las membranas autoensambladas conductoras de protones para la fotosíntesis artificial. La versatilidad y las propiedades anisotrópicas de PCL, los hacen como candidatos ideales para numerosos aplicaciones inteligentes. Para obtener sistemas con liberación foto-activa, una familia de copolímeros, que contiene alfa-estilbeno y diferentes espaciadores se han diseñado y sintetizado. Alfa-estilbeno es un mesogéno foto-activo. Las microcápsulas basadas de alfa-metilestilbeno, con vainillina en núcleo, estaban preparados. Experimento de liberación con y sin fotoirradiación demostró la eficacia de este sistema. CLP de estructura adecuada para auto-ensamblaje en una estructura columnar que podría ser efectivo en el transporte de protones selectivo. Alineación homeotrópica de columnas en una membrana polimérica permite conseguir conductividad de protones. Objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue: lograr estructuras organizadas utilizando poliaminas modificadas con un mesógeno dendrítico en posición lateral; preparación de membranas orientadas usando estos materiales poliméricos; evaluar la eficacia de las membranas hacia el transporte de protones. Se prepararon membranas híbridas de cerámica/poliamina. El material mostró alta conductividad de protones selectiva y transporte agua-independiente., Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) possess properties which are a combination of crystalline solids and fluids. Currently, LCPs which incorporate active elements into the structure (i.e. photo-sensitive groups, dendrons, etc.) lead to selectively sensitive material. It is reported, that those polymers can be applied in a variety of systems i.e. as memory-shape materials, sensors or photo-optical displays. Our studies are focused on two different applications: photosensitive microcapsules for controlled delivery systems and self-assembly proton-conducting membranes for artificial photosynthesis. The extreme versatility and the characteristic anisotropic properties of LCPs, make them the ideal candidates for numerous smart applications. To achieve systems with photo-triggered release, a family of copolymers which contained alpha-methylstilbene and different spacers were designed and synthesized. Alpha-methylstilbene is a well-known photo-active mesogenic group. Microcapsules based on alpha-methylstilbene containing vanillin as a core were prepared. Release experiment in the presence and the absence of photoirradiation proved the effectiveness of this system. LC polymers of proper structure self-assembly into a columnar structure which could be effective in selective proton transport. Homeotropic alignment of columns in a polymeric membrane allows to achieve proton-conductivity. Aim of our work was: achieving organized structures using polyamine modified with a dendritic mesogen in side position; preparing oriented membranes based on this polymeric materials;assessing the effectiveness of the prepared membranes toward proton transport. Hybrid ceramic/polyamine membranes were prepared. The new material showed high selective proton conductivity and water independent transport.
- Published
- 2015
25. Solvent-free thiophene-based electrolytes: synthesis of new liquid-crystalline ionic conductors for batteries: part I.
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Gancarz, Pawel, Filapek, Michal, Pociecha, Damian, Marzec, Monika, Chojnacka, Ida, and Iwan, Agnieszka
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FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance - Abstract
New liquid crystalline thiophene esters, thiophene-3-yl 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoate (ThBz1) and thiophene-3-yl 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate (ThBz2), were synthesized for use in lithium-ion batteries as safe, new solvent-free ionic conductors. Both compounds were synthesized in multi-step reactions and were characterized via1H, 13C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, confirming the formation of the desired products. ThBz1 and ThBz2 showed good thermal stability and liquid crystalline behaviour. Electrochemical tests demonstrated a wide electrochemical window of 4 V for both tested ThBz compounds. Moreover, preliminary battery tests for new electrolytes in the LiCoO2/Li4Ti5O12 system confirmed their applicability in lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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26. Structural and electrochemical studies of TiO2 complexes with (4,4′-((1E,1′E)-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis-(E)-N-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzylidene)) imine derivative bases towards organic devices.
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Rozycka, Anna, Iwan, Agnieszka, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Filapek, Michal, Górska, Natalia, Hreniak, Agnieszka, and Marzec, Monika
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TITANIUM dioxide ,IMINES - Abstract
Three (4,4′-((1E,1′E)-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis-(E)-N-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzylidene)) imine derivatives were synthesized via a condensation reaction with p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The effects of the end groups and vinylene (–HC=CH–) moieties on the structural, thermal, optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of imines were investigated to check the influence of TiO
2 on the imine properties. The thermal behavior of imines and their complexes with TiO2 was widely investigated using FT-IR, XRD, DSC and POM methods in order to determine the order type in the imine structure. All imines present the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about −5.39 eV (SAI1 and SAI2) and −5.27 eV (SAI3) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels at about −3.17 eV. The difference of the end groups in the imines in each case did not affect redox properties. Generally, both oxidation and reduction are easier after TiO2 addition and it also changes the HOMO–LUMO levels of imines. Moreover, changes in the characteristic bands for imines in the region 1500–1700 cm−1 observed as a drastic decrease of intensity or even disappearance of bands in the imine : TiO2 mixture suggest the formation of a complex (C=N)–TiO2 . Organic devices with the configuration of ITO/TiO2 /SAIx (or SAIx : TiO2 )/Au were fabricated and investigated in the presence and absence of visible light irradiation with an intensity of 93 mW cm−2 . In all imines and complexes with TiO2 , the generation of the photocurrent indicates their use as photodiodes and the best result was observed for SAI3 : TiO2 complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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27. Study of TiO2 in anatase form on selected properties of new aliphatic-aromatic imines with bent shape towards organic electronics.
- Author
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Rozycka, Anna, Iwan, Agnieszka, Filapek, Michal, Gorska, Natalia, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Dabczynski, Paweł, Rysz, Jakub, Pociecha, Damian, Hreniak, Agnieszka, and Marzec, Monika
- Subjects
TITANIUM dioxide ,ALIPHATIC compounds ,IMINES ,ORGANIC electronics ,BENZYLIDENE compounds ,CONDENSATION reactions - Abstract
Two bent-shaped imines (9E)-N-(3-((E)-(4-hexadecylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-hexadecylbenzenamine (SL1) and (10E)-N-(3-((E)-(4-(perfluorooctyl)phenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-(perfluorooctyl)benzenamine (SL2) were prepared by condensation reaction in
N,N -dimethylacetamide to study their thermal, structural and electrochemical properties, as well as their mixtures with titanium dioxide. Chemical structure, temperature and TiO2 influences on the phase transition temperatures, enthalpy, texture and molecular dynamics of both imines were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarising optical microscopy and Fourier transform middle-infrared absorption spectroscopy during heating and cooling. Changes in the surface morphology of the imines and their mixtures with TiO2 were registered by atomic force microscopy. X-ray study showed the tendency to form lamellas in the case of SL2 as an effect of the presence of two terminal perfluorinated alkyl chains connected to a polar mobile aromatic core, which resulted in microsegregation. Additionally, TiO2 influences the energy gap and HOMO-LUMO levels of imines as was detected by cyclic voltammetry. Finally, devices with two types of architectures, such as ITO/TiO2 /SL1(or P3HT)/Au and ITO/TiO2 /SL1:P3HT/Au were constructed and investigated under irradiation intensity of 97.7 mW/cm2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Thermal, structural and electrochemical properties of new aliphatic-aromatic imine with piperazine moieties blended with titanium dioxide.
- Author
-
Różycka, Anna, Fryń, Patryk, Iwan, Agnieszka, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Filapek, Michal, Górska, Natalia, Dąbczyński, Paweł, Rysz, Jakub, Pociecha, Damian, Hreniak, Agnieszka, and Marzec, Monika
- Subjects
PIPERAZINE ,ALIPHATIC amines ,TITANIUM dioxide ,CYCLIC voltammetry ,X-ray diffraction - Abstract
A new piperazine imine, (7E)-N-((4-((E)-(4-hexadecylphenylimino)methyl) piperazin-1-yl)methylene)-4-dodecylbenzenamine, has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,4-piperazinedicarboxaldehyde with 4- hexadecylaniline. The imine was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform middle-infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Thermal properties of imine was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry method during first and second heating scan at 10 and 20 °C/min. Texture of imine was investigated by polarized optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, imine was blended with titanium dioxide in anatase form and fully characterized by the same methods. Piperazine imine and its mixture with titanium dioxide exhibited only a transition from crystal to isotropic state. Imine exhibits two-step reduction wave attributed to one-electron transfer in each step as was found by cyclic voltammetry. Both titanium dioxide and poly(3-hexylthiophene) change the electrochemical properties of piperazine imine, however, in different ways. Studied imine blended with titanium dioxide exhibited higher value of energy band gap than pure piperazine imine and lower E
g than pure poly(3-hexylthiophene). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. An atomistic insight into light-sensitive polymers with methylstilbene building blocks.
- Author
-
Bandeira, Nuno A. G., Tylkowski, Bartosz, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Giamberini, Marta, and Bo, Carles
- Subjects
PHOTOISOMERIZATION ,MOLECULAR capsules ,IRRADIATION ,ISOMERIZATION ,PHOTOACTIVATION ,ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy - Abstract
Controlled release of photosensitive systems is widely studied because of its numerous applications. However, just a few descriptions of the mechanism of this phenomenon have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of a real system based on light-sensitive α-methylstilbene-based copolyester microcapsules with vanillin as an upload under UV irradiation. For this purpose we aimed to elucidate some of the structural features of the chains by means of quantum chemical calculations applying periodic boundary conditions. Additionally, the excitation energy of an approximated model was used to verify the influence of large size and various functionalities of attached groups on the system. From the optimized structure of trans and cis isomers, it was proved that trans-to- cis isomerization can be responsible for a main chain length reduction by 20% in comparison to the initial state, thus confirming the experimental findings. Moreover, the major influence of double bonds on photoactivity of the system was justified by comparison of the calculated UV-visible spectra of both forms with empirically obtained data which were in good agreement. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Synthesis and characterization of a new family of photoactive liquid crystalline polyesters based on α-methylstilbene.
- Author
-
Tylkowski, Bartosz, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A, Ambrogi, Veronica, Lederer, Albena, Patroniak, Violetta, and Giamberini, Marta
- Subjects
LIQUID crystals ,POLYESTERS ,E/Z photoisomerization ,POLYMERS ,MONOMERS - Abstract
A liquid crystal polyester and two liquid crystal copolyesters containing α-methylstilbene moieties and aliphatic or aromatic spacers in the backbone were synthesized in good yields, with the aim of using them for photosensitive microcapsule preparation. The synthesized polymers were fully characterized with respect to thermal stability, type of mesophase, molecular weight and E-Z photoisomerization. Combination of monomers with different structures allowed adjustment of the polymer characteristics such as degree of crystallinity and glass transition temperature, as verified using X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Quantitative
1 H NMR and UV-visible experiments were performed in order to investigate E-Z photoisomerization after photoirradiation at 364 nm. Finally, a membrane based on one of these polymers was prepared and it was found that its wettability increased on photoirradiation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
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31. Conversion of Radiophotoluminescence Irradiation into Electricity in Photovoltaic Cells. A Review of Theoretical Considerations and Practical Solutions.
- Author
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Iwan, Agnieszka, Pellowski, Witalis, and Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A.
- Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC cells ,ELECTRICITY ,IONIZING radiation ,PHOTON emission ,ELECTRIC charge ,SCINTILLATION counters ,SCINTILLATORS - Abstract
This review presents the current state of the knowledge regarding the use of radioactive sources to generate photonic light in scintillators as converters of ionizing radiation to electricity in photovoltaic cells. The possibility of using the phenomenon of the excitation of light photons in the scintillation materials during the interaction with particles and photons of ionizing radiation was analyzed in detail. The light photons obtained in such a way can generate an electric charge in photovoltaic cells. The whole process can be named as a nuclear cell (nuclear battery). Theoretically, the use of such physical phenomena seems to be an ideal practical solution to meet the energy needs of the modern world. However, there are many physical and technical problems that limit its widespread use in practical applications. In an ideal system, the ionizing radiation sources can emit the radiation for billions of years, and the energy of particles and photons from the radiation can be converted into photons in the scintillation material, with energy suitable to generate a photoelectric effect in a photovoltaic cell. Such a cascade sequence of different physical phenomena allows, from a theoretical point of view, for the creation of a virtually inexhaustible source of electricity. This review of historical and current literature reports aims to bring closer the idea of "energy perpetuum mobile", which has troubled many scientists around the world for centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Bi-Triggering Energy Harvesters: Is It Possible to Generate Energy in a Solar Panel under Any Conditions?
- Author
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A.
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR energy , *SOLAR panels , *ENERGY harvesting , *DYE-sensitized solar cells , *SILICON solar cells , *HYBRID solar cells , *PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems - Abstract
In this review, the concept of a hybrid solar cell system, called all-weather solar cells, a new view on energy harvesting device design, is introduced and described in detail. Additionally, some critical economical, technological, and ecological aspects are discussed. Due to drastic global climate changes, traditional energy harvesting devices relying only on solar energy are becoming less adaptive, hence the need for redesigning photovoltaic systems. In this work, alternative energy harvesting technologies, such as piezoelectric and triboelectric devices, and photoelectron storage, that can be used widely as supporting systems to traditional photovoltaic systems are analysed in detail, based on the available literature. Finally, some examples of all-weather solar cells composed of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and silicon solar cells, often modified with graphene oxide or phosphors materials, as new perspective trends in nanotechnology are presented. Two types of solar cell triggers are analysed: (i) solar cells working during day and night (DSSC with phosphors materials), and (ii) solar cells working under sun and rain conditions (piezoelectric and triboelectric silicon or DSSC solar cells). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Iodide Electrolyte-Based Hybrid Supercapacitor for Compact Photo-Rechargeable Energy Storage System Utilising Silicon Solar Cells.
- Author
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Skunik-Nuckowska, Magdalena, Rączka, Patryk, Lubera, Justyna, Mroziewicz, Aleksandra A., Dyjak, Sławomir, Kulesza, Paweł J., Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Iwan, Agnieszka, and Lufrano, Francesco
- Subjects
ENERGY storage ,SILICON solar cells ,ACTIVATED carbon ,SUPERCAPACITOR electrodes ,CARBON electrodes ,ELECTRONIC systems ,IODIDES ,AQUEOUS electrolytes - Abstract
The one of the most important issues in constructing light-harvesting photovoltaic (PV) systems with a charge storage element is its reliable and uninterrupted use in highly variable and weather-dependent conditions in everyday applications. Herein, we report the construction and applicability evaluation of a ready-to-use portable solar charger comprising a silicon solar cell and an enhanced energy hybrid supercapacitor using activated carbon electrodes and iodide-based aqueous electrolyte to stabilise the PV power under fluctuating light conditions. The optimised electrode/electrolyte combination of a supercapacitor was used for the construction of a 60 F/3 V module by a proper adjustment of the series and parallel connections between the CR2032 coin cells. The final photo-rechargeable device was tested as a potential supporting system for pulse electronic applications under various laboratory conditions (temperature of 15 and 25 °C, solar irradiation of 600 and 1000 W m
−2 ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Crystal Structure Determination of 4-[(Di-p-tolyl-amino)-benzylidene]-(5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-imine along with Selected Properties of Imine in Neutral and Protonated Form with Camforosulphonic Acid: Theoretical and Experimental Studies.
- Author
-
Dylong, Agnieszka, Dysz, Karolina, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Przybył, Wojciech, Konieczny, Krzysztof A., Turowska-Tyrk, Ilona, Kaim, Andrzej, and Iwan, Agnieszka
- Subjects
CRYSTAL structure ,TIME-dependent density functional theory ,INFRARED cameras ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,ABSORPTION spectra - Abstract
The crystal structure was determined for the first time for 4-[(di-p-tolyl-amino)benzylidene]-(5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-imine (trans-PPL9) by X-ray diffraction. The imine crystallized in the monoclinic P2
1 /n space group with a = 18.9567(7) Å, b = 6.18597(17) Å, c = 22.5897(7) Å, and β = 114.009(4)°. Intermolecular interactions in the PPL9 crystal were only weak C−H⋯N hydrogen bonds investigated using the Hirshfeld surface. The electronic and geometric structure of the imine were investigated by the density functional theory and the time-dependent density-functional theory. The properties of the imine in neutral and protonated form with camforosulphonic acid (CSA) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, UV–vis and1 H NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical and experimental studies showed that for the 1:1 molar ratio the protonation occured on nitrogen in pyridine in the PPL9 structure, as an effect of Brönsted acid–base interactions. Thermographic camera was used to defined defects in constructed simple devices with ITO/PPL9 (or PPL9:CSA)/Ag/ITO architecture. In conclusion, a thermally stable imine was synthesized in crystalline form and by CSA doping, a modification of absorption spectra together with reduction of overheating process was observed, suggesting its potential application in optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Molecular Mobility in Oriented and Unoriented Membranes Based on Poly[2-(Aziridin-1-yl)ethanol].
- Author
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Teruel-Juanes, Roberto, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Badia, Jose D., Juano-Arbona, Victor Sáenz de, Graf, Robert, Reina, Jose A., Giamberini, Marta, and Ribes-Greus, Amparo
- Subjects
- *
ETHANOL , *GLASS transitions , *THERMAL expansion , *DIPYRROMETHANES , *DIELECTRIC relaxation , *COPOLYMERS - Abstract
Unoriented and oriented membranes based on dendronized polymers and copolymers obtained by chemical modification of poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl) ethanol] (PAZE) with the dendron 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate were considered. DSC, XRD, CP-MAS NMR and DETA, contribute to characterize the tendency to crystallize, the molecular mobility of the benzyloxy substituent, the dendritic liquid crystalline group and the clearing transition. The orientation of the mesogenic chain somewhat hindered this molecular motion, especially in the full substituted PAZE. The fragility, free volume and thermal expansion coefficients of these membranes near the glass transition are related to the orientation and the addition of the dendritic groups. PAZE-based membranes combine both order and mobility on a supramolecular and macroscopic level, controlled by the dendritic group and the thermal orientation, and open the possibility of preparing membranes with proper channel mobility that promotes selective ionic transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Photo-Rechargeable Electric Energy Storage Systems Based on Silicon Solar Cells and Supercapacitor-Engineering Concept.
- Author
-
Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, and Iwan, Agnieszka
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY storage , *SILICON solar cells , *SOLAR energy conversion , *SOLAR energy , *ENERGY consumption , *ELECTRONIC control - Abstract
Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage system based on silicon solar cells and supercapacitors. In the first step, based on commercially available elements, we designed a solar charger and simulated its work in idealized conditions. Secondly, we designed appropriate electronic connections and control systems, allowing for the charging–discharging process of the energy storage system. After constructing three type of demonstrators of solar energy charger, we tested it. The novel design allowed us to achieve total available energy from solar panel energy conversion up to 93%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Engineering Concept of Energy Storage Systems Based on New Type of Silicon Photovoltaic Module and Lithium Ion Batteries.
- Author
-
Maleczek, Stanisław, Drabczyk, Kazimierz, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, and Iwan, Agnieszka
- Subjects
ENERGY storage ,BATTERY storage plants ,SILICON solar cells ,MAXIMUM power point trackers ,VOLTAGE-frequency converters ,POWER resources ,ENERGY consumption ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems - Abstract
In recent years, a great importance has been given to hybrid systems of energy generators and energy storages. This article presents the results of our research aimed at checking the possibility of connecting a photovoltaic (PV) module and a lithium-ion battery (LIB), using a simplified control module towards a cheap and efficient system. The photovoltaic modules based on crystalline silicon solar cells, tempered glass as the front layer and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as encapsulation material are the most popular type in the industry. The disadvantage of such module type is the high weight of about 15 kg/m
2 . The weight of PV module used in the presented energy storage system is twice as small. This new type of PV module is based on treated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as back sheet; high transparent foil as front sheet. Changing glass layer to PMMA requires additional modification of the lamination process parameters and EVA polymer type. For this reason, an EVA polymer with reduced crosslinking temperature was used in most cases; the voltage obtained from solar panels is significantly different from the one required by battery system. Hence, voltage converters (step-up or step-down) are needed. The use of a voltage stabilizing converter (which is a kind of electrical buffer) between the solar cell and lithium-ion battery can in some cases replace the battery overcharge protection system. However, an indispensable element is the system protecting the battery from excessive discharge. The voltage converter permits direct connection between the electricity storage and power supply, which current-voltage parameters do not match. The converter's task is to change the value of current and voltage in a way that meets the requirements of the powered receiver, minimizing power losses, increasing the whole system efficiency. Photovoltaic parameters of the energy storage systems were examined in laboratory and real conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polymer-Based Gel Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl) Copolymers.
- Author
-
Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Augustowski, Dariusz, Dziedzic, Justyna, Kwaśnicki, Paweł, Malej, Wacław, and Iwan, Agnieszka
- Abstract
Polymer gel electrolytes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (PAB) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated (PDES-bAP) copolymers were prepared and investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Selected optical and electrochemical properties of all compositions with various ratio from 9:1 to 6:4 were investigated towards DSSC applications. The highest value of power conversion efficiency equal to 5.07% was found for DSSCs containing a PVDF-HPF:PAB (9:1) gel electrolyte. Compositions of electrolytes were additionally tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The influence of the ratio and type of polymers used as an additive to PVDF-HPF on absorption wavelengths, energy gap, and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) levels were investigated. Individual components of DSSCs, such as the TiO2 layer and platinum nanoparticles, were imaged by scanning electron microscope. Finally, a DSSC module with six electrically separated solar cells with a 7 × 80 mm2 active area was constructed based on gel electrolytes and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Selected Electrochemical Properties of 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-Thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) towards Perovskite Solar Cells with 14.4% Efficiency.
- Author
-
Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Jewłoszewicz, Beata, Iwan, Agnieszka, Dysz, Karolina, Przybyl, Wojciech, Januszko, Adam, Marzec, Monika, Cichy, Kacper, Świerczek, Konrad, Kavan, Ladislav, Zukalová, Markéta, Nadazdy, Vojtech, Subair, Riyas, Majkova, Eva, Micusik, Matej, Omastova, Maria, Özeren, Mehmet Derya, Kamarás, Katalin, Heo, Do Yeon, and Kim, Soo Young
- Subjects
- *
SOLAR cell efficiency , *SILICON solar cells , *DYE-sensitized solar cells , *SOLAR cells , *PEROVSKITE , *IMPEDANCE spectroscopy , *THERMOGRAPHY , *CYCLIC voltammetry - Abstract
Planar perovskite solar cells were fabricated on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrates, with 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) (bTAThDaz) as hole transport material. This imine was synthesized in one step reaction, starting from commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents. Electrochemical, optical, electrical, thermal and structural studies including thermal images and current-voltage measurements of the full solar cell devices characterize the imine in details. HOMO-LUMO of bTAThDaz were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and energy-resolved electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ER-EIS) and were found at −5.19 eV and −2.52 eV (CV) and at −5.5 eV and −2.3 eV (ER-EIS). The imine exhibited 5% weight loss at 156 °C. The electrical behavior and photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cell was examined for FTO/TiO2/perovskite/bTAThDaz/Ag device architecture. Constructed devices exhibited good time and air stability together with quite small effect of hysteresis. The observed solar conversion efficiency was 14.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Research of Binary and Ternary Composites Based on Selected Aliphatic or Aliphatic–Aromatic Polymers, 5CB or SWCN toward Biodegradable Electrodes.
- Author
-
Fryń, Patryk, Jewłoszewicz, Beata, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Przybył, Wojciech, Gonciarz, Agnieszka, Pich, Robert, Marzec, Monika, and Iwan, Agnieszka
- Subjects
SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes ,FULLERENE polymers ,POLYCAPROLACTONE ,POLYMERS ,GLASS transition temperature ,MELTING points ,INFRARED cameras - Abstract
The main goal of this paper was to study the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of hybrid composites based on biodegradable polymers (L,D-poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone or Ecoflex
® ), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN), and 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB). The biodegradable polymers' binary and ternary compositions were analyzed in detail by ultraviolet and visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy taking into consideration their chemical structure and interactions with 5CB and SWCN. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the created hybrid layers showed thermal stability and changes in glass transition temperature and melting point in comparison to neat polymers, depending on the chemical structure of the polymer used and the type of composition. Morphology of the created layers were investigated by atomic force and polarizing microscopy. The static contact angle measurements of a water drop showed that all of the neat polymer layers were hydrophobic with angle values ranging from 108° to 115°. In addition, in the case of the Ecoflex® layers, both with and without additives, a rapid sorption of the deposited water drop was observed. Finally, a simple device with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7): [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70 BM)/Ag/biodegradable polymer:SWCN architecture was constructed and tested using an infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created hybrid layers. Increasing the SWCN admixture from 0.01 to 0.5% significantly improved the conductivity only in the case of L,D-poly(lactic acid):SWCN (10:0.5), for which above 5 V, a current with a resistance of 3030.7 Ω could be measured. In order to use the created layers as flexible electrodes, the first experiments were carried out with an admixture of SWCN and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as conductive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. PEDOT:PSS in Water and Toluene for Organic Devices—Technical Approach.
- Author
-
Jewłoszewicz, Beata, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof A., Przybył, Wojciech, Iwan, Agnieszka, and Plebankiewicz, Ireneusz
- Subjects
- *
FRONTIER orbitals , *POLYTHIOPHENES , *TOLUENE , *INFRARED cameras , *SPIN coating , *INDIUM tin oxide , *PERMITTIVITY - Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole moments (1.70, 1.69, and 1.66 D) and dielectric constants (33.0, 24.5, and 18.0). Three techniques, i.e., spin coating, doctor blade coating, and spray coating, were employed to created PEDOT:PSS layers on glass, glass/indium tin oxide (ITO), and glass/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with optimized technical parameters for each used equipment. All used PEDOT:PSS water and toluene solutions demonstrated good wetting properties with angles below 30° for all used surfaces. Values of the energy bandgap (Eg) of PEDOT:PSS investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in solution showed increase energy Eg along with addition of alcohol to the mixture, and they were found in the range of 1.20 eV to 2.85 eV. The opposite tendency was found for the Eg value of the PEDOT:PSS layer created from water solution. The storage effect on PEDOT:PSS layers detected by CV affected only the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, thereby causing changes in the energy bandgap. Finally, simple devices were constructed and investigated by infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created PEDOT:PSS layers. Our study showed that a more stable PEDOT:PSS layer without pin-holes and defects can be obtained from water and toluene solutions with isopropanol via the spin coating technique with an optimal speed of 3000 rpm and time of 90 s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. UV–Vis Absorption Properties of New Aromatic Imines and Their Compositions with Poly({4,8-bis[(2-Ethylhexyl)oxy]Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]Dithiophene-2,6-diyl}{3-Fluoro-2-[(2-Ethylhexyl)Carbonyl]Thieno[3,4-b]Thiophenediyl}).
- Author
-
Gonciarz, Agnieszka, Pich, Robert, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Jewloszewicz, Beata, Przybył, Wojciech, Dysz, Karolina, Dylong, Agnieszka, Kwak, Anna, Kaim, Andrzej, Iwan, Agnieszka, Rusin, Jaroslaw, and Januszko, Adam
- Subjects
IMINES ,VIBRATIONAL spectra ,POLYTHIOPHENES ,ABSORPTION spectra ,CHEMICAL structure ,ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy - Abstract
In this paper, four new aromatic imines containing at least one thiazole-based heterocycle were analyzed in detail by UV–Vis spectroscopy, taking into consideration their chemical structures and interactions with PTB7, a known polymeric electron donor widely used in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. It is demonstrated that the absorption spectra of the investigated active compositions can be modified not only by changing the chemical structure of imine, but also via formulations with PTB7. For all investigated imines and PTB7:imine compositions, calibration curves were obtained in order to find the optimum concentration in the composition with PTB7 for expansion and optimization of absorption spectra. All imines and PTB7:imine compositions were investigated in 1,2-dichlorobenzene by UV–Vis spectroscopy in various concentrations, monitoring the changes in the π–π* and n–π* transitions. With increasing imine concentrations, we did not observe changes in absorption maxima, while with increasing imine concentrations, a hypochromic effect was observed. Finally, we could conclude that all investigated compositions exhibited wide absorptions of up to 800 nm and isosbestic points in the range of 440–540 nm, confirming changes in the macromolecular organization of the tested compounds. The theoretical calculations of their vibration spectra (FTIR) and LUMO–HOMO levels by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are also provided. Finally, IR thermal images were measured for organic devices based on imines and the imine:PTB7 composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Influence of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Liquid Crystalline, Structural and Electrochemical Properties of (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-pentylbenzenamine.
- Author
-
Różycka, Anna, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Górska, Natalia, Rysz, Jakub, Marzec, Monika, Iwan, Agnieszka, Pich, Robert, and Januszko, Adam
- Subjects
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TITANIUM dioxide nanoparticles , *LIQUID crystals , *CRYSTAL structure , *ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis , *BENZYLIDENE compounds , *AMINES - Abstract
Organic–inorganic hybrids based on liquid crystalline symmetrical imine (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-pentylbenzenamine (AZJ1) with two aliphatic chains and TiO2 nanomaterials were obtained and investigated taking into account thr crystallographic form of titanium dioxide i.e., anatase versus rutile. The type of TiO2 influences the mesomorphic properties of imine AZJ1, as observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM) techniques. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the interactions of oxygen vacancies located on the TiO2 surface with the studied AZJ1 imine together with studying the influence of temperature. Both imine:TiO2 anatase versus rutile hybrids possessed the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about −5.39 eV (AZJ1:anatase) and −5.33 eV (AZJ1:rutile) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of about −2.24 eV. The presence of TiO2 in each hybrid did not strongly affect the redox properties of imine AZJ1. Organic devices with the configuration of ITO/TiO2/AZJ1 (or AZJ1:TiO2 anatase versus rutile)/Au were fabricated and investigated in the presence and absence of visible light irradiation with a light intensity of 93 mW/cm2. Finally, to analyze defects in the constructed organic devices we used thermal imaging and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The addition of TiO2 in both crystallographic forms has a positive influence on layer-forming properties that manifests itself as a very homogenous heat distribution for the whole sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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44. Hybrid Materials Based on l,d-Poly(lactic acid) and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Flexible Substrate for Organic Devices †.
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Fryń, Patryk, Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Górska, Natalia, Rysz, Jakub, Krysiak, Piotr, Marzec, Mateusz, Marzec, Monika, Iwan, Agnieszka, and Januszko, Adam
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POLYLACTIC acid , *SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes , *ELECTRODES , *CHLOROFORM , *DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry - Abstract
We report on the application of l,d-poly(lactic acid) (l,d-PLA) with dispersed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCN) as a flexible translucent electrode for organic devices. We used commercially available nanotubes in various weight ratios from 0 to 8% dispersed in chloroform polymeric solution by ultrasonication and were drop cast. The created hybrid materials were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry to determine the influence of SWCN content on the thermal behavior, while polarizing optical microscope was used to find the effect of mechanical deformations on the textures. Drop-cast films were studied by optical transmittance, conductivity, dielectric properties and by thermal imaging under applied potential. Thermal imaging provided evidence of visible voltage-activated conduction. Simple mechanical deformation such as bending with stretching at edge to ca. 90 and elongation test were performed. Moreover, interactions between l,d-poly(lactic acid) and SWCN were investigated by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Finally, we can conclude that the thermographic examination of created films permits fast, simple and inexpensive localization of defects on the surface of l,d-PLA:SWCN film, together with the electrical properties of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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45. In Situ Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for Structural Insight into Cation Non-Ionomeric Polymer Interactions during Ion Transport.
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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Pirone, Domenico, Prats-Reig, Judit, Ambrogi, Veronica, Reina, José Antonio, and Giamberini, Marta
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RAMAN spectroscopy , *CATIONS , *IONOMERS , *POLYMERS , *LIQUID crystals , *POLYETHERS - Abstract
Low-modified liquid-crystalline polyether (CP36), as a model compound, was synthesised with the purpose of preparing a membrane with columnar ionic channels. A free-standing cation permselective biomimetic membrane was successfully prepared and found to have channels made of polymeric columns homeotropically oriented, which was confirmed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. A first insight into a real-time interaction between two selected cations: H+ and Na+, and polyether during transport through the polymeric membrane was demonstrated using joined chronoamperometry and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Raman studies unveiled the possibility for smaller protons to bypass the usual ionic pathway via polyetheric chain and use outer part of ionic channel for conduction thanks to ester bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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46. Degradation of hybrid material l,d-PLA : 5CB : SWCN under the influence of neutral, acidic, and alkaline environments.
- Author
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Fryń P, Lalik S, Bogdanowicz KA, Górska N, Iwan A, and Marzec M
- Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the environment's pH on the degradation of the layers of the ternary composite l,d-PLA : 5CB : SWCN (10 : 1 : 0.5, w/w/w), where l,d-PLA (poly(lactic acid)) is a biodegradable polymer, 5CB is a well-known liquid crystal (4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile), and SWCN are single-walled carbon nanotubes. For this purpose, the samples were stored in air, distilled water, and solutions of 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl, for up to 62 days. Using differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, and infra-red spectroscopy methods it was observed that for both neat l,d-PLA and composite layers there was a poor degradation process after the storage under standard air conditions, distilled water, and 0.1 M HCl solution, while the erosion of the surface layer kept in 0.1 M NaOH solution was revealed just after 6 days. The longer storage in 0.1 M NaOH solution resulted in complete degradation of the l,d-PLA polymer layer, while the composite layer survived for up to 62 days. The solubilization of the polymeric l,d-PLA matrix in the composite after 62 days was so severe that it resulted in the vanishing of thermal effects on the DSC curve except for one that was probably connected with the glass transition of the residual quantity of the polymer that remained in the layer or the isotropisation of 5CB. As a result, we have shown that admixtures of 5CB and SWCN accelerate the degradation of l,d-PLA in the composite layer due to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface in the layer and act as plasticizers. The mechanism of the degradation process is also discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)
- Published
- 2023
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