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An analytic model for depicting non-Darcian flow caused by pumping in a finite confined aquifer with an outer barrier boundary is established. The model considers the wellbore storage and skin effect. And the semi-analytical solution is derived with the aid of the Izbash’s law-based non-Darcian flow and the method for linearization procedure combined with the Laplace transformation. The new presented solution can reduce to some available solutions for the confined aquifer of unlimited extension. The drawdowns in abstraction well and aquifer are explored. The results suggest that the presence of the no-flux outer boundary makes no difference to the early-time drawdowns, the late-time drawdowns in the unlimited confined aquifer are smaller than those in the finite confined aquifer with a zero-flux outer boundary, and the flow in this finite confined aquifer cannot approach quasi-steady state, especially to a smaller finite outer boundary distance radius. The change of power index n in the non-Darcian flow equation cannot affect the early-time drawdowns in abstraction well, while the drawdowns in aquifer are underestimated for Darcian flow case at early pumping time. The late-time drawdowns in the pumping well and aquifer are significantly overestimated under the assumption of Darcian flow. The early-time drawdowns in abstraction well and aquifer are significantly affected by wellbore storage, and a larger wellbore storage coefficient leads to a smaller drawdown. The skin factor can impact the intermediate-time drawdowns in abstraction well, while the early and intermediate-time drawdowns in aquifer are influenced by skin effect.

The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit yield and fruit quality is very important. To explore the effect of soil nutrients on apple quality we investigated 200 fruit samples from 40 orchards in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. Soil mineral elements and fruit quality were measured. The effect of soil nutrient content on fruit quality was analyzed by artificial neural network (ANN) model. The results showed that the prediction accuracy was highest (R² = 0.851, 0.847, 0.885, 0.678 and 0.746) in mass per fruit (MPF), hardness (HB), soluble solids concentrations (SSC), titratable acid concentration (TA) and solid-acid ratio (SSC/TA), respectively. The sensitivity analysis of the prediction model showed that soil available P, K, Ca and Mg contents had the greatest impact on the quality of apple fruit. Response surface method (RSM) was performed to determine the optimum range of the available P, K, Ca, and Mg contents in orchards In Feng County, which were 10~20 mg.kg-1, 170~200 mg.kg-1, 1000~1500 mg.kg-1, and 80~200 mg·kg-1, respectively. The research also concluded that improving the content of available P and available Ca in orchard soil was crucial to improve apple fruit quality in Feng County, Jiangsu Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]