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Introduction: Blood pressure measurement has a great implication in medicine. Every medical personnel should have a sound knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement among first and second year medical students of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by Department of Physiology of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences from June to December 2021 after receiving the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee with registration number 394. One hundred ninety-seven students from first and second year were included in the study using whole sampling technique. Data was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and Statistical Package for Social sciences version 16.0. Descriptive statistics like frequency, percentage for binary data and mean, standard deviation for continuous data were calculated. Results: Among 197 students from first and second year, 175 (88.83%) had satisfactory knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement with score≥8 in Objective Structured Practical Examination. Eighty five (85.86%) students from first year and 90 (91.84%) students from second year had scores ≥8, hence had satisfactory knowledge on blood pressure measurement. A total of 18 (18.18%) first year students achieved a score of 10, while 24 (24.49%) students of the second year scored 12, which were the modal score. Conclusions: The proportion of first and second year students having satisfactory knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement is higher in our study.

Introduction: The traditional teaching-learning process should reform to improve the academic performance and understanding of the students. This study aimed to determine the perceptions of second-year medical students towards early clinical exposure about their approach to educating pregnant women on the physiology of pregnancy. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a mixed-method design comprising both quantitative and qualitative components among second-year medical students of a medical college in Nepal from September 2019 to September 2020. After ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 207), 40 students included through the convenience sampling method. These students were subjected to early clinical exposure in the form of educating pregnant women on physiological changes during pregnancy. Data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Results: Among 34 responses, majority of the students 29 (85.28%) (73.36-97.20 at 95% Confidence Interval) were motivated to learn the physiology of pregnancy after the activity; 15 (44.11%) strongly agreed and 14 (41.17%) agreed to this statement. Thirty-two students (94.11%) claimed that the activity improved their understanding of the physiology of pregnancy. The majority of the students expressed that this approach is pragmatic which ignited more curiosity regarding the subject matter. Conclusions: The majority of the students had satisfactory perceptions regarding their early clinical exposure which was similar to standard data and they expressed that they would like to have similar activities in the future.

Introduction: In ABO system, O blood group is universal blood donor group. Knowing one's blood type is important for prevention of transfusion mis-match between recipients and donors. The aim of this study is to find out the proportion of O blood group among medical students in a medical college of Nepal. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical students at Department of Clinical Physiology of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences from June 2014 to April 2019 after taking ethical from the Institutional Review Committee. This study was conducted among 739 students by using convenient sampling method. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 software. Based on red blood cells agglutination, blood types were determined. Results: O blood group among the medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences was found to be 247 (33.4%) at 95% Confidence Interval (29.99-36.81). O positive and O negative blood groups were seen in 241 (32.6%) and 6 (0.8%) respectively. Blood group O was found to be more common among male and female i.e. 163 (32.73%) and 84 (34.85%) respectively. Out of seven main ethnic groups, blood groups O was found to be more in Brahmin/Chhetri 174 (35.1%), Dalit 5 (38.5%), Janajati 17 (34.7%), and others 8 (36.4%). Conclusions: Universal blood group O is more common among medical students of Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences which is similar to the studies done in other institutions.