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Byline: P. Parikh, V. Patil, J. Agarwal, P. Chaturvedi, A. Vaidya, S. Rathod, V. Noronha, A. Joshi, A. Jamshed, G. Bhattacharya, S. Gupta, C. Desai, S. Advani, P. Pai, S. [...]

The Central Indian Ocean, namely the Central Indian, Crozet, and Madagascar basins, formed by rifting and subsequent drifting of India (now Capricorn), Antarctica, and Africa (now Somalia). We gathered a comprehensive set of sea surface magnetic anomaly profiles over these basins and revisited location and identification of magnetic isochrons between C34ny (83.0 Ma) and C20ny (42.536 Ma) using the objective analytic signal technique. We present high‐resolution magnetic isochrons for 29 periods based on ~1,400 magnetic anomaly picks. From the conjugate sets of picks, we derive two‐plate finite rotation parameters for both the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia motions. These finite rotations are compared to three‐plate reconstructions of the plate boundaries between the Capricorn, Antarctica, and Somalia plates, constrained by the closure of the Indian Ocean Triple junction. In general, the three‐plate reconstructions slightly overrotate the reconstructed isochrons with respect to the Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia two‐plate reconstructions. Conversely, the two‐plate reconstructions for Somalia‐Antarctica slightly underrotate the isochrons compared to the Capricorn‐Antarctica‐Somalia three‐plate reconstructions. We suspect that the discrepancies between the two‐plate and three‐plate methods result from the recent seafloor deformation in the Capricorn‐India diffuse plate boundary and/or from the contrasted nature and geometry of magnetic isochrons at different spreading rates (i.e., magnetic structure of the three spreading centers). Three‐plate reconstructions better constrain the closure of the triple junction but spread any misfit among all three plate boundaries. When enough quality data are available, two‐plate reconstructions may lead to more realistic plate motion estimates from which additional geological problems can be identified and solved. Key Points: We mapped high‐resolution magnetic isochrons in the Central Indian Ocean between 83.0 and 42.5 MaWe derived two‐plate solutions to the relative motion of Capricorn‐Antarctica and Capricorn‐Somalia plate pairs at higher resolutionTwo‐plate reconstructions may lead to more realistic plate motion estimates when enough quality data are available [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) are important for their antimicrobial activity and are found to be toxic to some microorganisms. To shed light on the mechanism of their activities, the interaction of an imidazolium-based IL 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrfluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) with E. coli bacteria and cell-membrane-mimicking lipid mono- and bilayers has been studied. The survival of the bacteria and corresponding growth inhibition are observed to be functions of the concentration of the IL. The IL alters the pressure-area isotherm of the monolayer formed at an air-water interface by the 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipid. The in-plane elasticity of the lipid layer is reduced as a consequence of the insertion of this IL. The X-ray reflectivity study from a polymer-supported lipid bilayer shows strong perturbation in the self-assembled structure of the bilayer due to the interaction. As a consequence, there is a considerable decrease in bilayer thickness and a corresponding increase in electron density. These results, however, depend on the chain configurations of the lipid molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to multistage grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVSs), complexity in monitoring and controlling scheme in a single-stage GCPVS is much increased, as maximum power point tracking and power sharing with the grid need to be considered simultaneously in the same stage. An eficient technique for performing the aforementioned functions, simultaneously, in a single stage system, by adjustment of the voltage phasor of a voltage source inverter, is presented. Active and reactive powers ow from the inverter is regulated by the adjustment of amplitude and phase angle of the inverter output voltage with respect to the grid voltage. An algorithm is also developed for automatic active and reactive powers sharing for the intended applications in the single stage GCPVSs. A typical 2.8 kWp, 368 V (DC) nominal photovoltaic array based GCPVS is modeled and simulated to analyze proper load matching for different ambient and grid voltage conditions. Performances, like the eficiency of the inverter and the total harmonic distortion of the inverter output voltage and current, are studied, with variations in ambient conditions and the modulation index of a sinusoidal pulse width modulation of the IGBT based inverter. Simulation results have been included to show the feasibility of the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In order to document the understanding of current evidence for the management of triple negative breast cancer and application of this knowledge in daily practice, we conducted an interactive survey of practicing Indian oncologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A core group of academic oncologists devised two hypothetical triple negative cases (metastatic and early breast cancer, respectively) and multiple choice options under different clinical circumstances. The respondents were practicing oncologists in different Indian cities who participated in either an online survey or a meeting. The participants electronically chose their preferred option based on their everyday practice. RESULTS: A total of 152 oncologists participated. Just over half (53.8%) preferred taxane based chemotherapy as first-line chemotherapy in the metastatic setting. In the adjuvant setting, a taxane regimen was chosen by 61%. Over half of respondents (52.6%) underestimated the baseline survival of a patient with node positive triple-negative tumor and 18.9% overestimated this survival compared to the estimate of the Adjuvant! program. DISCUSSION: This data offers insight into the perceptions and practice of a diverse cross-section of practicing oncologists in India with respect to their therapeutic choices in metastatic and adjuvant settings in triple negative breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spun-wrapped yarn samples were prepared from third drawn jute and jute-polyester blended sliver separately (both as core component) in a conventional commercial scale jute spinning machine with the incorporation of different synthetic filaments (as wrapping component) eg, polyester, polypropylene and polyurethane, in front of the front rollers nip with the help of a suitable gadget. Some important physical and surface appearance properties of yarn, namely, hairiness of yarn at different hair-length, diameter, packing coefficient, flexural rigidity, breaking tenacity, breaking elongation, work of rupture, colour strength, whiteness, yellowness and brightness indices have been evaluated. Results reveal that hairiness of spun-wrapped yarn is much lower than the corresponding ordinary jute and jute-polyester blended yarns for all the hair-lengths. Flexural rigidity of spun-wrapped yarn with either 100% jute or jute-polyester blended core is much lower than that of the corresponding ordinary jute yams. Work of rupture of covered yarn has increased notably over ordinary yarn, mainly due to the increase in breaking elongation. Evaluation of surface appearance property reveals that covering with polyurethane did not cause any notable change in natural colour of the jute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium borate (Li2B4O7) and sodium borate (Na2B4O7) mineralize spinel formation from stoichiometric MgO and Al2O3 between 1000° and 1100°C. Mineralization with both compounds is shown to be mediated by B-containing liquids which form glass on cooling. However, the liquid compositions depend on the type of mineralizer and temperature, suggesting that templated grain growth or dissolution–precipitation mechanisms are operating, one dominating over the other under certain conditions. Na2B4O7-mineralized compositions show predominantly templated grain growth at 1000°C, which changes to dissolution–precipitation at 1100°C, whereas Li2B4O7-mineralized compositions show dissolution–precipitation from 1000°C. Li2B4O7 is a stronger mineralizer as spinel formation is complete with 3 wt% Li2B4O7 at 1000°C and with ≥1.5 wt% addition at 1100°C, whereas Na2B4O7-mineralized compositions are found to retain some unreacted corundum even at 1100°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B2O3 mineralizes spinel formation from stoichiometric (1:1 mole ratio) calcined magnesia and alumina. After 3 h at 1100°C, X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the mineralization effect of B2O3 is limited to 1.5 wt% additions with higher B2O3 contents leading to Mg3B2O6 formation and reduced spinel content. Boron nuclear magnetic resonance, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD reveal formation of a boron-containing liquid. Energy dispersive spectroscopy in the TEM and EPMA of the glassy phases formed from solidification of the liquid reveal that initially it is Mg borate, later becoming a magnesia-modified boroaluminate, composition suggesting dissolution–precipitation as opposed to templated growth as the mechanism of this liquid phase mediated mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B2O3 mineralizes spinel formation from stoichiometric (1:1 mole ratio) calcined magnesia and alumina. After 3 h at 1100°C, X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the mineralization effect of B2O3 is limited to 1.5 wt% additions with higher B2O3 contents leading to Mg3B2O6 formation and reduced spinel content. Boron nuclear magnetic resonance, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD reveal formation of a boron-containing liquid. Energy dispersive spectroscopy in the TEM and EPMA of the glassy phases formed from solidification of the liquid reveal that initially it is Mg borate, later becoming a magnesia-modified boroaluminate, composition suggesting dissolution–precipitation as opposed to templated growth as the mechanism of this liquid phase mediated mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]