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Garcinia lanceifolia Roxb. (Rupohi thekera), an underutilized minor fruit from Assam, holds significant potential as it exhibits substantial traditional medicinal properties. However, its preservation and utilization remain limited, necessitating effective processing techniques. This study aimed to compare the impact of tray drying and freeze drying on the physico-chemical, antioxidant, and functional properties of G. lanceifolia. Fresh fruits were processed using both methods, followed by detailed analyses of nutritional composition, phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, and functional properties. Freeze drying resulted in greater retention of moisture (12.42 ± 0.81%), protein (4.44 ± 0.19%), carbohydrate content (8.29 ± 0.31 g/100 g), and reducing sugar (1.95 ± 0.12%), along with prominent color quality, while no significant difference in ash content was found for either drying method employed. Phytochemical extraction using different solvents (water, n-hexane, 80% methanol, 80% ethanol, and 80% acetone) revealed that freeze-dried samples extracted with acetone had the highest total phenolic content (634.00 ± 1.73 mg GAE/100 g), while methanol extraction yielded the highest total flavonoid content (382.33 ± 1.52 mg QE/100 g). Tray drying, on the other hand, exhibited superior DPPH and FRAP when subjected to ethanol extract (80.24 ± 0.42% and 83.83 ± 0.46 mg/100 g, respectively) and metal chelation capacity (23.69 ± 2.09%). Additionally, functional properties, such as glucose adsorption capacity and α-amylase inhibition, were found to vary between drying techniques, with freeze-dried samples showing better glucose adsorption and tray-dried samples demonstrating greater α-amylase inhibition. FTIR analysis highlighted distinct structural attributes of bioactive compounds retained through both methods. The findings underscore the potential of freeze drying for nutrient preservation and tray drying for cost-effective applications, paving the way for the industrial valorization of G. lanceifolia as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant growth is expected to surpass other significant causes of death as one of the top reasons for dismalness and mortality worldwide. According to a World Health Organization (WHO) study, this illness causes approximately between 9 and 10 million instances of deaths annually. Chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery are the three main methods of treating cancer. These methods seek to completely eradicate all cancer cells while having the fewest possible unintended impacts on healthy cell types. Owing to the lack of target selectivity, the majority of medications have substantial side effects. On the other hand, nanomaterials have transformed the identification, diagnosis, and management of cancer. Nanostructures with biomimetic properties have been grown as of late, fully intent on observing and treating the sickness. These nanostructures are expected to be consumed by growth in areas with profound disease. Furthermore, because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties, which incorporate nanoscale aspects, a more prominent surface region, explicit geometrical features, and the ability to embody different substances within or on their outside surfaces, nanostructures are remarkable nano-vehicles for conveying restorative specialists to their designated regions. This review discusses recent developments in nanostructured materials such as graphene, dendrimers, cell-penetrating peptide nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, lipid nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and nano-omics in the diagnosis and management of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to investigate the calcium bioavailability and the influence of substituting synthetic calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with grouper bone nano‐calcium (GBN), and medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) with long‐chain triglyceride (LCT) in the diet of ovariectomized rats maintained for 8 weeks. Twenty rats were randomly divided into four distinct groups: (1) The OX‐C group: AIN‐93M standard + synthetic CaCO3; (2) the OX‐D group: AIN‐93M standard + no calcium; (3) the OX‐1 group: AIN‐93M standard + GBN; and (4) the OX‐2 group: AIN‐93M with MCT as lipid source + GBN. The test parameters conducted encompassed the evaluation of the rat's body weight, levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase in rat blood serum, examination of the microstructure of rat tibiae by histomorphometry and femora bones by means of 3D micro‐CT image analysis, and assessment of the strength of rat femora bones by the three‐point bending. The results indicated that the GBN calcium diet groups (OX‐1 and OX‐2) were successful substitutes for synthetic CaCO3 of the OX‐C group. GBN calcium diet groups have shown superiority in terms of trabeculae thickness (Tb.Th), bone volume (BV/TV), bone mineral density (BMD), and particularly in bone strength evaluations. The GBN calcium diet groups exhibited serum calcium, serum phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels that were comparable to those of synthetic CaCO3 calcium. As the calcium‐deficient group, OX‐D revealed a much lower and distinct performance than other groups. This research demonstrated that MCT exhibit comparable performance to LCT; however, it did not establish that substituting LCT for MCT was superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess match time courses on hydration, wellness, and sleep as well as the interrelationship between these variables in youth national soccer players. Materials and Methods: Under‐17 and under‐19 youth national soccer players (age range: 16.96 ± 1.17 years) completed a perceptual wellness questionnaire, self‐reported their sleep, and carried out hydration assessments each morning during a period of competitive match play. Results: Players reported having significantly more sleep leading into the day of a match (MD) compared to both the evening after a match (MD‐2; p < 0.001; CI = 7.972 and 8.212) and the evening before a match (MD‐1; p < 0.001; CI = 7.996 and 8.174). Furthermore, players reported better health and wellbeing scores on MD compared to both MD‐1 (p < 0.001; CI = 19.231 and 19.692) and MD‐2 (p < 0.001; CI = 18.911 and 19.489). When self‐reported sleep was correlated with the individual components of health and wellbeing, it was highlighted that there were significant effects for fatigue (r = 0.304, p < 0.001; CI = 0.250 and 0.383), mood (r = 0.170, p < 0.001; CI = 0.112 and 0.243), general muscle soreness (r = 0.225, p < 0.001; CI = 0.162 and 0.306), and stress (r = 0.203, p < 0.001; CI = 0.147 and 0.274). Conclusion: It is important to consider sleep strategies to mitigate the potential impact of lack of sleep following match play. Self‐reported sleep seems to be appropriate for estimating individual components of health and wellbeing, and therefore may be a suitable replacement for perceptual wellness questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Refeeding syndrome is a complication developed by children being managed for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). It is caused by changes in electrolyte balance once high‐caloric feeding is reinitiated. Phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium are the main electrolytes affected when it occurs. However, hypophosphatemia is the hallmark of the diagnosis of refeeding syndrome. WHO recommends inpatient management of patients with complicated SAM with initially F75 which is low in calories and later transitioned to RUTF which is high in calories but also has a higher phosphorus content. Objective. This study aims to determine the incidence and factors associated with refeeding syndrome in the transition phase when treating children aged 6 to 59 months with severe acute malnutrition at the Mwanamugimu Nutritional Unit, Mulago. Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study at the Mwanamugimu Nutritional Unit of Mulago National Referral Hospital. A total of 150 children between 6 and 59 months with SAM were enrolled into the study. We measured serum electrolytes (phosphorus, sodium, and potassium) at admission, initiation of RUTF, and 48 hours after transition. The refeeding syndrome was diagnosed by a drop in serum phosphorus of more than 0.3 mmol from baseline. The data were analyzed using STATA 17.0. Incidence of refeeding syndrome was determined as the proportion of participants whose serum phosphorus declined by more than 0.3 mmol from baseline. For factors associated, a multivariate‐modified Poisson regression analysis reporting relative risk was performed with a 0.2 level of significance at bivariate and 0.05 at multivariate analyses. Results. Of the 150 children recruited, 35 were lost to follow‐up and 115 children had their data analyzed. Of the 115 participants in the study, 40 developed refeeding syndrome indicating a cumulative incidence of 34.8% with a 95% CI of 26.5–44%. A low baseline serum sodium (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99, and P value: 0.038) and having edematous malnutrition (RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81–0.99, and P value; 0.042) at admission were found to be significant (P < 0.05) risk factors of refeeding syndrome. Conclusion. The cumulative incidence of RFS of 34.8% is very high. RFS is found to be associated with low baseline sodium and pedal edema. Children with a low baseline sodium and edema should undergo a cautious transition of feeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary protein plays a crucial role in the modulation of several physiological processes to sustain health and well‐being. There is robust evidence of enhanced muscle protein synthesis, improved physical fitness, body composition, and performance contributed by protein supplementation combined with exercise among trained individuals or athletes. Evidence of the efficacy of such intervention on healthy adults having a sedentary lifestyle is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of 12 g of additional protein in the form of a protein supplement compared to a placebo combined with a simple exercise program on plasma amino acid level, body composition, and muscle strength among healthy Indian adults having a relatively sedentary lifestyle. This double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted on sedentary healthy adults 20–45 years of age, with a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 27.9 kg/m2. Eighty‐two participants were randomized into either the protein (intervention) or placebo (control) group. The exercise regime was the same for both groups. Out of 82 randomized participants, 58 completed the intervention. Blood tests were conducted for the amino acid OMICS measurement followed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition and isokinetic dynamometry for muscle strength. A significant improvement was observed in the lean mass (kg) and appendicular muscle mass (AMM) adjusted for weight in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The muscle strength and contractile quality were comparable in the 2 groups. Plasma BCAA showed a significant negative association with body fat % (r = −0.43, p < 0.05 for the intervention group and r = −0.33, p = 0.07 for the control group) and a positive association with lean body mass % (r = 0.56, p < 0.01 in the intervention group vs r = 0.29, p = 0.10 in the control group) in the intervention group compared to control. In conclusion, this study highlighted the value of incorporating a lifestyle intervention including protein supplementation with simple exercises to optimize body composition in sedentary healthy individuals. This trial is registered with CTRI/2018/12/016777. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This cross‐sectional survey study aimed to examine the association between vegetarian diet consumption and sleep quality, academic performance, and health‐related quality of life among female undergraduate college students. Method. A sample of 158 undergraduate female college students was recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data collection utilized reliable and validated English‐language instruments including the Vegetarian Quality of Life Questionnaire (VEGQOL), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and health‐related quality of life scale (HRQoL). The data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate descriptive statistics. Results. Vegetarians exhibited a significantly lower BMI compared to nonvegetarians (F (1, 156) = [6.09], p = 0.015). Those strictly adhering to a vegan diet (48.79 ± 9.41) had the lowest vegetarian quality of life among all participants following various forms of a vegetarian diet (F (3, 68) = [2.78], p = 0.04). The majority of female college students reported good to excellent general health (91.7%), with 53.2% perceiving their sleep quality as fairly good. However, the mean PSQI global score of 8.04 (±3.35) indicated poor sleep quality. No significant association was found between diet type (vegetarian vs. nonvegetarian) and academic performance (cGPA) (χ2 (4, N = 158) = 2.92, p = 0.57). There was no significant relationship between diet types and academic performance, HRQoL, and sleep quality. Conclusion. Despite a significant association between vegetarian diet and lower BMI, surprisingly, no substantial relationships were identified between diet type and academic performance, HRQoL, and sleep quality. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on the potential impacts of a vegetarian diet on various facets of female college students' well‐being and highlight the need for further exploration in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based proteins have gained popularity in the food industry as a good protein source. Among these, chickpea protein has gained significant attention in recent times due to its high yields, high nutritional content, and health benefits. With an abundance of essential amino acids, particularly lysine, and a highly digestible indispensable amino acid score of 76 (DIAAS), chickpea protein is considered a substitute for animal proteins. However, the application of chickpea protein in food products is limited due to its poor functional properties, such as solubility, water-holding capacity, and emulsifying and gelling properties. To overcome these limitations, various modification methods, including physical, biological, chemical, and a combination of these, have been applied to enhance the functional properties of chickpea protein and expand its applications in healthy food products. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively examine recent advances in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) protein extraction techniques, characterizing its properties, exploring post-modification strategies, and assessing its diverse applications in the food industry. Moreover, we reviewed the nutritional benefits and sustainability implications, along with addressing regulatory considerations. This review intends to provide insights into maximizing the potential of Cicer arietinum protein in diverse applications while ensuring sustainability and compliance with regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), recognized as a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter within the brain, serves a crucial role in the aging process and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Research has demonstrated the beneficial effects of GABA, particularly for elderly individuals. Given that elderly individuals often encounter challenges with swallowing food, beverages designed to address dysphagia represent a preferable option for this demographic. Among the different processing techniques, the germination process triggers biochemical changes, leading to an increase in certain nutrients and bioactive compounds (e.g., GABA). Therefore, we attempted to develop a novel functional beverage utilizing germinated brown rice enriched with GABA and studied its nutritional and bio-functional characterization. The optimal conditions (X1, X2, X3 and X4.) were determined: powdered sugar (40 g), chocolate powder (20 g), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5 g), GBR (220 g), and water (440 mL). The results of storage studies indicated that the germinated-brown-rice-based beverage exhibited favorable nutritional attributes, including increased γ-oryzanol (52.73 ± 1.56%), total phenolic content (26.68 ± 1.56 mg GAE/100 g), niacin (5.17 ± 0.14%), and GABA (42.12 ± 0.63 mg/100 g) levels. Additionally, the beverage demonstrated notable antioxidant activity (74.23 ± 2.37 µmol TE/100 g), suggesting potential health-promoting effects. Sensory evaluation revealed satisfactory acceptability among consumers, highlighting its palatability. Overall, this study elucidates the development of a novel functional beverage utilizing germinated brown rice enriched with GABA, offering promising nutritional and bio-functional characteristics for health-conscious consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ayurvedic medical system uses fruits of the Benincasa hispida plant to treat mental diseases, including schizophrenia. The goal of the current study was to assess the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit's ability to relieve stress and anxiety induced in zebrafish models using neuropharmacological evaluation, which included determining behavioral parameters in tests such as the T-maze, open tank test (OTT), and light–dark preference test (LDPT). After measuring the zebrafish survival rate for 96 h, the LC50 was found to be 5 µg. AChE (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory activity and the status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and LDH) were also used to evaluate the toxicity. Furthermore, the administration of the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit increased the frequency of entry and duration of time spent in the bright section, suggesting a noteworthy reduction in levels of stress and anxiety. Additionally, the antistress and antianxiety activity was confirmed by the docking studies' mechanism of action, which involves the AChE receptor binding stability of the homogalactaconan molecule found in the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that the aqueous extract of B. hispida fruit is a viable therapeutic molecule for the creation of novel drugs and the treatment of stress since it has the therapeutic advantage of reversing the negative effects of stress and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the quality characteristics of pasteurized and thermosonicated bor-thekera (Garcinia pedunculata) juices (TSBTJs) during storage at 4 °C for 30 days. Various parameters, including pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble content (TSSs), antioxidant activity (AA), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), ascorbic acid content (AAC), cloudiness (CI) and browning indexes (BI), and microbial activity, were analyzed at regular intervals and compared with the quality parameters of fresh bor-thekera juice (FBTJ). A multi-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to model and optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of bor-thekera juice. The impacts of storage time, treatment time, and treatment temperature on the quality attributes were also explored. The TSBTJ demonstrated the maximum retention of nutritional attributes compared with the pasteurized bor-thekera juice (PBTJ). Additionally, the TSBTJ exhibited satisfactory results for microbiological activity, while the PBTJ showed the highest level of microbial inactivation. The designed ANN exhibited low mean squared error values and high R2 values for the training, testing, validation, and overall datasets, indicating a strong relationship between the actual and predicted results. The optimal extraction parameters generated by the ANN included a treatment time of 30 min, a frequency of 44 kHz, and a temperature of 40 °C. In conclusion, thermosonicated juices, particularly the TSBTJ, demonstrated enhanced nutritional characteristics, positioning them as valuable reservoirs of bioactive components suitable for incorporation in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The study underscores the efficacy of ANN as a predictive tool for assessing bor-thekera juice extraction efficiency. Moreover, the use of thermosonication emerged as a promising alternative to traditional thermal pasteurization methods for bor-thekera juice preservation, mitigating quality deterioration while augmenting the functional attributes of the juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walnuts are consumed worldwide as healthy food and are rich in functional components. There are several species of walnuts including Japanese native walnuts. It is well known that native walnuts contain more phytochemicals than cultivated ones. Therefore, the composition of the beneficial components found in native walnuts is of scientific interest. This review aimed to summarize the recent findings and potential uses of native walnuts, including their (1) use as food, (2) functional components (general composition, fatty acids, peptides, phytosterols, tocopherols, polyphenols, and other components), and (3) health-related prospects. Through this review, unexpectedly, we found that even though many are interested in the health benefits of Japanese native walnuts, which have functional components much differ to cultivated species, there is limited information on their contents. This review suggests a need to clarify the detailed amounts of these components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walnuts are rich sources of lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and are expected to promote health. There are two Japanese native walnut species: Oni walnut (Juglans ailanthifolia Carr.) and Hime walnut (Juglans subcordiformis Dode.). However, despite the fact that these Japanese native walnuts have long been consumed in local cuisine, their nutritional composition is largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of total lipids, and fatty acid composition including polyunsaturated fatty acids, in the kernels of Oni walnut and Hime walnut. In addition, we assessed various aspects related to their nutritional and functional values, by measuring the total protein, amino acids, minerals, and total polyphenols. The concentrations of the measured compounds in the two native species were compared with those in the English walnut (Juglans regia L.), a globally recognized cultivar, and its counterpart cultivated in Japan, Shinano walnut (Juglans regia L.). The results showed that Oni walnut and Hime walnut contained significantly higher protein and minerals and lower lipid content than conventional cultivars. However, both Oni and Hime walnuts contained higher ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in total fatty acids. This study offers novel insights into the nutritional components of Oni and Hime walnuts, contributing to a deeper understanding of their nutritional value and potential applications as unique native walnut species. The findings of this study highlight the relationship between the different types of walnut species and their nutritional composition, and the value of native walnuts used in local cuisine, and will lead to new developments in functional foods from walnut species consumed around the world. It will contribute to the development of functional and processed foods by increasing the production of native walnut species, which are rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals and by using them in local cuisines and health-promoting foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of aberrant cells outgrowing their normal bounds, which can subsequently infect other body parts and spread to other organs—a process known as metastasis—is one of the significant characteristics of cancer. The main reason why cancer patients die is because of widespread metastases. This abnormal cell proliferation varies in cancers of over a hundred types, and their response to treatment can vary substantially. Several anti-cancer drugs have been discovered to treat various tumors, yet they still have harmful side-effects. Finding novel, highly efficient targeted therapies based on modifications in the molecular biology of tumor cells is essential to reduce the indiscriminate destruction of healthy cells. Exosomes, an extracellular vesicle, are promising as a drug carrier for cancer therapy due to their good tolerance in the body. In addition, the tumor microenvironment is a potential target to regulate in cancer treatment. Therefore, macrophages are polarized toward M1 and M2 phenotypes, which are involved in cancer proliferation and are malignant. It is evident from recent studies that controlled macrophage polarization might contribute to cancer treatment, by the direct way of using miRNA. This review provides an insight into the potential use of exosomes to develop an 'indirect', more natural, and harmless cancer treatment through regulating macrophage polarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgreens, a hypothesized term used for the emerging food product that is developed from various commercial food crops, such as vegetables, grains, and herbs, consist of developed cotyledons along with partially expanded true leaves. These immature plants are harvested between 7–21 days (depending on variety). They are treasured for their densely packed nutrients, concentrated flavors, immaculate and tender texture as well as for their vibrant colors. In recent years, microgreens are on demand from high-end restaurant chefs and nutritional researchers due to their potent flavors, appealing sensory qualities, functionality, abundance in vitamins, minerals, and other bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, tocopherol, carotenoids, folate, tocotrienols, phylloquinones, anthocyanins, glucosinolates, etc. These qualities attracted research attention for use in the field of human health and nutrition. Increasing public concern regarding health has prompted humans to turn to microgreens which show potential in the prevention of malnutrition, inflammation, and other chronic ailments. This article focuses on the applications of microgreens in the prevention of the non-communicable diseases that prevails in the current generation, which emerged due to sedentary lifestyles, thus laying a theoretical foundation for the people creating awareness to switch to the recently introduced category of vegetable and providing great value for the development of health-promoting diets with microgreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of germinated seeds and microgreens derived from Perilla frutescens var. crispa f. viridis, hypothesizing that microgreens would exhibit higher concentrations of nutrients and bioactive compounds compared to their precursors. Perilla frutescens was chosen for its popularity and wide use in Asian cuisine. A series of analytical methods was employed to quantify and qualify various components. The findings indicate that germinated seeds exhibit significantly higher quantities of lipids, proteins, sugars, free amino acids, and minerals, whereas microgreens possess significantly high concentration of vitamins and polyphenols. These results provide valuable insights into the nutritional differences between germinated seeds and microgreens, highlighting their distinct contributions to diet. Specifically, incorporating germinated seeds can enhance macronutrient intake, while microgreens can boost antioxidant intake. These findings can inform the development of targeted dietary recommendations, promoting the inclusion of both germinated seeds and microgreens to meet specific nutritional needs and improve health outcomes. • Microgreens and germinated seeds exhibit distinct macro- and micro-nutrient compositions. • Microgreens produced without a growth medium have lower macronutrient content. • Germinated seeds contain only vitamin E, microgreens are rich in polyphenols and other vitamins. • Growth medium used for microgreens significantly influences their nutrient composition. • Carotenoids and polyphenols concentration raises from the gemination to adult plant stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both black (B) and green (G) cardamom are used as flavours during food preparation. This study investigated the responses to B and G in a diet-induced rat model of human metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats were fed either a corn starch-rich diet (C) or a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with increased simple sugars along with saturated and trans fats (H) for 16 weeks. H rats showed signs of metabolic syndrome leading to visceral obesity with hypertension, glucose intolerance, cardiovascular remodelling and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food was supplemented with 3% dried B or G for the final eight weeks only. The major volatile components were the closely related terpenes, 1,8-cineole in B and α-terpinyl acetate in G. HB (high-carbohydrate, high-fat + black cardamom) rats showed marked reversal of diet-induced changes, with decreased visceral adiposity, total body fat mass, systolic blood pressure and plasma triglycerides, and structure and function of the heart and liver. In contrast, HG (high-carbohydrate, high-fat + green cardamom) rats increased visceral adiposity and total body fat mass, and increased heart and liver damage, without consistent improvement in the signs of metabolic syndrome. These results suggest that black cardamom is more effective in reversing the signs of metabolic syndrome than green cardamom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity prevalence continues to be a foremost health concern across the globe leading to the development of major health risk conditions like type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and even cancers. Because of the deprived drug-based management system, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs aiming at satiety and appetite control targets. Among the reported satiety signaling targets, 5HT2C receptor plays a crucial role in decreasing appetite and has become a promising target for the development of anti-obesity drugs. Lorcaserin, a 5HT2C receptor agonist and the only drug available in the market, was designed based on the receptor mechanism of action. Due to limited drug options available and considering the adverse drug effects of Lorcaserin, the development of new drugs which are highly specific toward the 5HT2C target and with lesser side effects is essential. The present study is majorly focused on developing new 5HT2C agonists through computational approaches like screening, docking, and simulation using Phase, QikProp, Glide and Desmond applications of the Schrodinger suite. Screening protocols resulted in eight best hit molecules with affinity for the receptor and among them, five hits displayed binding affinity toward the conserved residue Asp 134 of the receptor. The stability of the five molecules in complex with the 5HT2C receptor was studied through molecular dynamic simulations. Three molecules, ZINC32123870, ZINC40312983 and ZINC32124535, maintained stable interactions with the Asp 134 residue throughout the 50 ns simulation run time. Further, due to the high sequence similarity seen among the receptors of 5HT2 family, the three potential hits were cross validated against other subtypes 5HT2A and 5HT2B of the 5HT2 family to determine the specificity of the molecules against the target. Among the three hits, ZINC32124535 was identified as the best potential hit based on the hydrogen bond interaction percentage with Asp residue [5HT2A (Asp 155:60%); 5HT2B (Asp155: No interaction); 5HT2C (Asp 134:86%)]. The ZINC32124535 molecule produced one salt bridge and hydrogen bond interactions with Asp 134, alike the known drug Lorcaserin. Based on the results, ZINC32124535 was identified as the best potential hit against the 5HT2C receptor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The noteworthy beneficiary to date in nanotechnology is cancer management. Nanorobots are developed as the result of advancements in the nanostructure, robotics, healthcare, and computer systems. These devices at the nanoscale level are beneficial in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of various health conditions notably cancer. Though these structures have distinct potentialities, the usage of inorganic substances in their construction can affect their performance and can cause health issues in the body. To overcome this, naturally inspired substances are incorporated in the fabrication process of nanorobots termed biomimetic nanorobots that can overcome the immunological responses and reduce the side effects with effective functionalization. These biomimetic nanorobots can widen the opportunities in cancer imaging and therapy. Herein, an up-to-date review of biomimetic nanorobots along with their applications in cancer management is provided. Furthermore, the safety issues and future directions of biomimetic nanorobots to achieve clinical translation are also stated.