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1. At a higher degree of abstraction, there is the question of common characteristics of the two systems

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840, Economic history and conditions, HC10-1085
Abstract

It is a pleasure to introduce the discussion about the book ‘Engaging with János K o r n a i ’s Scholarship’, which gives a glimpse of the variety of topics in his extensive life work. I shall focus on a theme that is underlined in the title and runs across most contributions, the system paradigm. Kornai’s contribution is essential and unique here. It combines history and theory, in the perspective of ‘histoire raisonnée’ that Schumpeter saw in Marx. It is centered on economic systems, but the question of the role of polity in these economic systems has been broadened in recent works.

Published
2020

2. A message from Bernard Chavance

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
Economic theory. Demography, HB1-3840, Economic history and conditions, HC10-1085
Abstract

Bernard Chavance Paris Diderot University közgazdaságtan professzora. Több könyvet publikált az összehasonlító gazdaságtan és intézmények témakörében, különösen a szocialista rendszer és a poszt-szocialista átalakulás területén. 1992- ben Economic Reforms in the East: From the 1950s to the 1990s című könyvét több nyelvre lefordították. Kutatóként az 1980-as évek első felében találkozott Kornai János gondolataival, amikor a szocialista rendszerrel foglalkozott. Elsők között volt, aki Kornai János elméleteit Franciaországban is alkalmazta. A Constraints and Driving Forces in Economic Systems című könyv bemutatóján Kornai János nagy tisztelője, munkásságának egyik legkiválóbb francia képviselője, Bernard Chavance személyesen nem tudott részt venni. Üzenetét egy videófájlban küldte el a résztvevők számára. Az alábbiakban az üzenet szövege olvasható.

Published
2020

3. Formal and Informal Institutional Change : the Experience of Postsocialist Transformation

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
Post-socialist transformation, diversity of trajectories, institutional change, formal rules, informal rules, enforcement, Economics as a science, HB71-74
Abstract

Diversity of trajectories of post-socialist transforming economies is a stylized fact of this experience of system change. The paper explores the relations between change in formal and informal rules in historical perspective, discussing new institutional views about rationality of formal institutions and detrimental inertia of informal institutions. It submits that an open and complex approach of the centrality of formal/informal rules interaction may give a better explanation to the multiplicity of national post-socialist pathways.

Published
2008

7. Piecemeal remarks on János Kornai’s life-work

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
capitalism, inequalities, Kornai, values, democracy, Social Sciences
Abstract

On the occasion of Amartya Sen’s discussion of “Marx after Kornai” (Sen, 2021), the note evokes two questions in the work of János Kornai. The first is his attitude to normative assessment in conditions of conflict or tension between values, the second is his relation to Marx, with specific remarks about capitalism, inequalities and democracy.

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9. Ownership Transformation and System Change in China

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
Institutional change, Economic system, Ownership, Property rights, Privatization, National champions, Social Sciences
Abstract

Compared to other post-socialist economies, the evolution of ownership forms during system change appears quite original in China. A first diversification occurred during the 1980s, with the enlargement of « non-state » (private, foreign) ownership forms ; concurrently usus and fructus rights were redistributed within unchanged legal forms of collective and state ownership. During the 1990s a wide-scale privatization process was launched both in the collective industrial sector and in the state sector. Since the 2000s, a mixed system stabilized where non-state forms predominate from a quantitative point of view, while the state sector takes the form of large business groups in the strategic sectors. The entangled character of both private and state ownership, and the connexion of these two sectors with the Party, make up the base of an original type of party-state (mixed) capitalism.

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10. Piecemeal remarks on János Kornai’s life-work

Author

Bernard Chavance

Subjects
capitalisme, démocratie, democracy, capitalismo, Microbiology, valeurs, inégalités, inequalities, valores, Kornai, democracia, values, capitalism, desigualdades
Abstract

On the occasion of Amartya Sen’s discussion of “Marx after Kornai” (Sen, 2021), the note evokes two questions in the work of János Kornai. The first is his attitude to normative assessment in conditions of conflict or tension between values, the second is his relation to Marx, with specific remarks about capitalism, inequalities and democracy. À l’occasion de la discussion par Amartya Sen de “Marx après Kornai” (Sen, 2021), cette note évoque deux thèmes dans l’œuvre de János Kornai. Le premier est son attitude à l’égard de l’évaluation normative face aux conflits ou tensions entre valeurs, le second est sa relation à Marx, avec des observations sur le capitalisme, les inégalités et la démocratie. Con ocasión de la discusión hecha por Amartya Sen de « Marx después de Kornai » (Sen 2021), esta nueva obra evoca dos temas en la obra de János Kornai. Es primer lugar es su actitud con respecto a la evaluación normativa frente a los conflictos o tensiones entre valores, y el segundo es su relación con Marx haciendo observaciones sobre el capitalismo, las desigualdades y la democracia.

Published
2022

11. The Transformation Of Communist Systems : Economic Reform Since The 1950s

Author

Bernard Chavance, Charles Hauss, Mark Selden, Bernard Chavance, Charles Hauss, and Mark Selden

Subjects
Cultural pluralism--Communist countries, Political culture--Communist countries, Legitimacy of governments--Communist countries
Abstract

In the confrontation between the two main economic systems that has marked the twentieth century, capitalism has been declared the winner–by default– over its adversary, socialism. Today, establishing a market economy has become the primary goal of the formerly socialist countries. The history of economic reform helps explain this remarkable turning point. Attempts to improve the old centralized system by expanding enterprise autonomy (in Poland, the Soviet Union, and East Germany) and more radical reforms that limited the role of central planning (in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and China) encountered social and political obstacles or had unexpected and undesired effects. During the 1980s, the idea of a socialist market economy, which had been seen as a'third way'between capitalism and centralized socialism, was abandoned as economists gradually came to support a free market rather than the dogma of planning. Through a comparative and historical analysis of change in socialist and post-socialist systems, this timely and original book clarifies the policies and pitfalls in this extraordinary transition. Bernard Chavance provides a succinct introduction and analysis of the politics and economics of Eastern Europe from the creation of the Stalinist system in the Soviet Union through what he argues have been three major waves of reform since the 1950s to the dismantling of most socialist governments in the 1990s. Exploring the link between the one-party regime and the growing rigidity of socialist economic systems, the author analyzes the failure of both incremental and radical reforms to adapt to new economic challenges, thus leading to the ultimate collapse of communist regimes in Europe.

Published
2019

12. Institutions and ‘Science’: The Contest about Pluralism in Economics in France

Author

Agnès Labrousse, Bernard Chavance, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur les Institutions, l'Industrie et les Systèmes Économiques d'Amiens - UR UPJV 3908 (CRIISEA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur les Institutions, l'Industrie et les Systèmes Économiques d'Amiens (CRIISEA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Research evaluation, Pluralism in economics, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Mainstream economics, CONTEST, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, research evaluation, 0502 economics and business, 050602 political science & public administration, Economics, Mainstream, heterodox economics, 050207 economics, Heterodox economics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A14 - Sociology of Economics, 05 social sciences, JEL: I - Health, Education, and Welfare/I.I2 - Education and Research Institutions/I.I2.I23 - Higher Education • Research Institutions, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 0506 political science, JEL: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches/B.B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches/B.B5.B50 - General, Pluralism (political theory), Political economy, Political Science and International Relations, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics/A.A2.A23 - Graduate, pluralism, France, JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching
Abstract

For a long time, France was a country in which various approaches to economics coexisted. This pluralism began to dwindle in the mid-1990s. Since then, France has witnessed the increasing and now overwhelming domination of mainstream economics. This article, drawing on a study of the evolution of the recruitment of professors of economics in France, documents the situation and links the observed trends to the changing institutions governing the discipline (a centralized system evolving under the influence of international norms and instruments). It is demonstrated that far from being fair and neutral devices, the rules and instruments governing economics—notably the ranking lists of economic journals—incorporate specific worldviews strongly biasing the assessment of research toward the mainstream. This article documents the tentative use of ‘voice and exit’ by the French Association of Political Economy to reform the economics discipline. Furthermore, it discusses the arguments proclaimed by Jean ...

Published
2018

13. What good are economists if they all say the same thing ? Manifesto for pluralist economics

Author

philippe Batifoulier, Bernard Chavance, Olivier Favereau, Sophie Jallais, Agnès Labrousse, Thomas Lamarche, André Orléan, Bruno Tinel, Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), EconomiX, Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Philosophie, Histoire et Analyse des Représentations Économiques (PHARE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur les Institutions, l'Industrie et les Systèmes Économiques d'Amiens - UR UPJV 3908 (CRIISEA), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques (PJSE), Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne (CES), Association française d'économie politique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Pôle d'Histoire de l'Analyse et des Représentations Économiques (PHARE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université de Paris (UP), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Tinel, Bruno

Subjects
[SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SHS.ECO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The starting point for this book was a letter sent in December 2014 by Jean Tirole to Geneviève Fioraso, who at the time was Secretary of State for Higher Education and Research. In this letter, the French economist threw all the prestigeof his recent Nobel prize behind the sole objective of thwarting a reform that was supported by hundreds of academiceconomists. The sole aim of this eagerly awaited reform was to institute within the French university systema space for the expression of ideas at odds with mainstream economic thought. Jean Tirole’s extraordinary initiative was unexpectedly successful: Geneviève Fioraso decided to withdraw her decree.

Published
2015

14. John Commons's organizational theory of institutions: a discussion

Author

Bernard Chavance, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Typology, Hierarchy, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Institutional economics, Neoclassical economics, 16. Peace & justice, Collective action, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Restraining, Action (philosophy), State (polity), John Commons's organizational theory, 0502 economics and business, Organizational theory, Sociology, 050207 economics, Commons, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Expanding individual action, 050203 business & management, media_common, Law and economics
Abstract

avec un facteur d'impact (ACL); International audience; The paper discusses John R. Commons's original theory of institutions, where the latter are defined as going concerns and their working rules, or collective action restraining and expanding individual action. Such organizational approach of institutions makes important contributions to institutional economics in general, through its notion of a hierarchy of collective action, its threefold typology of transactions, and its holindividualist stance. Commons's genuine advances are counterbalanced by theoretical limits, which illustrate the unfinished character of his attempt to make a contribution to a 'rounded-out theory of Political economy', e.g. the ambiguous place of markets in his theory, the state understood as a model for other going concerns and, distinctly, the restricted definition of institutions as organizations. In some important respects, his theory complements or goes further than other currents of institutional economics; its weak points are sometimes the reverse side of his very contributions.

Published
2012

15. Institutional Economics

Author

Bernard Chavance and Bernard Chavance

Subjects
HB99.5
Abstract

This introduction to institutional economics, follows the history of the field since the early 20th century until the present day. It concentrates on influential authors in the main schools of institutional economics.Institutional economics is defined as economic thought that considers institutions to be relevant for economic theory, and consequently criticizes the neoclassical mainstream for having pushed them out of the discipline; it deals specially with the nature, the origin, the change of institutions, and their effects on economic performance. It is a family of different theories that were initially influential in economics, then lost much of their weight in the middle half of the 20th century, and eventually recovered significant creative vitality and impact in the last twenty years. The book puts the recent developments in historical perspective by showing how important themes like the importance of habits, the role of formal and informal rules, the relation of organizations and institutions, the hierarchy and complementarity of institutions, the evolutionary character of institutional change, have been explored by various authors or schools.

Published
2009

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