158 results on '"Ben-Hur, M."'
Search Results
2. Heat-induced changes in soil water-extractable organic matter characterized using fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopies coupled with dimensionality reduction methods
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Lado, M., Sayegh, J., Gia Gadñay, A., Ben-Hur, M., and Borisover, M.
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- 2023
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3. New modelling approach to optimize rainwater harvesting system for non-potable uses and groundwater recharge: A case study from Israel
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Nachson, U., Silva, C.M., Sousa, V., Ben-Hur, M., Kurtzman, D., Netzer, L., and Livshitz, Y.
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- 2022
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4. Reducing salinity of treated waste water with large scale desalination
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Shtull-Trauring, E., Cohen, A., Ben-Hur, M., Tanny, J., and Bernstein, N.
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- 2020
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5. Teratogenic and anticonvulsant effects of zinc and copper valproate complexes in zebrafish
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Grünspan, Lauren D., Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Baggio, Suelen, dos Santos, Paulo R., Dumas, Françoise, Rico, Eduardo P., de Oliveira, Diogo L., and Moura, Sidnei
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- 2018
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6. Evaluation of zinc effect on cadmium action in lipid peroxidation and metallothionein levels in the brain
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Braga, Marcos M., Dick, Tuiskon, de Oliveira, Diogo L., Scopel-Guerra, Adriele, Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Souza, Diogo O., and da Rocha, João Batista T.
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- 2015
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7. Anxiolytic effects of diphenyl diselenide on adult zebrafish in a novelty paradigm
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Ibrahim, Mohammad, Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Moro, Luana, de Assis, Adriano M., Rosemberg, Denis B., de Oliveira, Diogo L., Rocha, Joao B.T., Schwab, Ricardo S., Schneider, Paulo Henrique, Souza, Diogo O., and Rico, Eduardo P.
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- 2014
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8. Evaluation of zinc effect on cadmium action in lipid peroxidation and metallothionein levels in the brain
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Marcos M. Braga, Tuiskon Dick, Diogo L. de Oliveira, Adriele Scopel-Guerra, Ben Hur M. Mussulini, Diogo O. Souza, and João Batista T. da Rocha
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Cadmium ,Zinc ,Metallothionein ,δ-Aminolevulinate dehydratase ,Food intake ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known hepato- and nephrotoxic pollutant and zinc (Zn) metalloproteins are important targets of Cd. Hence, the administration of Zn may mitigate Cd toxic effects. However, the interaction of Cd and Zn has been little investigated in the brain. Previously, we reported a protective effect of Zn on mortality caused by Cd in rats. Here, we tested whether the protective effect of Zn could be related to changes in brain Zn-proteins, metallothionein (MT) and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratse (δ-ALA-D). Male adult rats were daily administered for 10 days with Zn (2 mg kg−1), Cd (0.25 and 1 mg kg−1) and 0.25 mg kg−1 of Cd plus Zn and 1 mg kg−1 of Cd plus Zn. The body weight loss, food intake deprivation, and mortality occurred in 1 mg kg−1 of Cd, but Zn co-administration did mitigate these effects. The brain Zn content was not modified by treatment with Cd, whereas cerebral Cd levels increased in animals exposed to Cd. The administration of 0.25 mg kg−1 of Cd (with or without Zn) induced lipid peroxidation and decreased MT concentration, but 2 mg kg−1 of Zn and 1 mg kg−1 of Cd did not change these parameters. Brain δ-ALA-D was not modified by Cd and/or Zn treatments. Since the co-administration of Zn did not attenuate the changes induced by Cd in the brain, our results suggest that the protective effect of Zn on impairments caused by Cd in animal status is weakly related to a cerebral interaction of these metals.
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- 2015
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9. Effects of land use on structure and hydraulic properties of Vertisols containing a sodic horizon in northern Ethiopia
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Shabtai, I.A., Shenker, M., Edeto, W.L., Warburg, A., and Ben-Hur, M.
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- 2014
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10. Sodium and chloride exclusion and retention by non-grafted and grafted melon and Cucurbita plants
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Edelstein, M., Plaut, Z., and Ben-Hur, M.
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- 2011
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11. Water salinity and sodicity effects on soil structure and hydraulic properties
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Edelstein, M., Plaut, Z., and Ben-Hur, M.
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- 2010
12. BasicS, an Euphresco International Network on Renewable Natural Substances for Durable Crop Protection Products
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Marchand1, P.A., Yann, D., Luca, R., Simona Marianna Sanzani, Nico, H., Ewa, M., John, G., Sergio Ruffo Roberto, Ben-Hur, M., Dandan, X., Xiaomeng, G., Nikolaos, T., Yeimmy, Y., Peralta, R., Roman, P., Erzsebet Monika Karaffa, Youssef, K., Mehdi, H., Antonio, I., Alessandra Di Francesco, Giacinto Salvatore Germinara, Toffolatti, S.L., Filomena, S., Clemencia, C., Monica, M., Nicola, M., Silvia, B., Porfirio Gutierrez Martinez, Jolanta, K., Luis, G., Teresa, G., Mohamed Bechir Allagui, Pervin Kinay Teksur, Marwa, M., Baldissera, G., and Gianfranco, R.
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Basic substances ,biocontrol agents ,biopesticides ,Settore AGR/12 - Patologia Vegetale ,international project - Published
- 2021
13. Boron and salinity effects on grafted and non-grafted melon plants
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Edelstein, M., Ben-Hur, M., Cohen, R., Burger, Y., and Ravina, I.
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- 2005
14. Homocysteine alters glutamate uptake and Na+,K+-ATPase activity and oxidative status in rats hippocampus: protection by vitamin C
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Machado, Fernanda R., Ferreira, Andréa G. K., da Cunha, Aline A., Tagliari, Bárbara, Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Wofchuk, Susana, and Wyse, Angela T. S.
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- 2011
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15. Seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in the adult zebrafish: a detailed behavioral characterization.
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Ben Hur M Mussulini, Carlos E Leite, Kamila C Zenki, Luana Moro, Suelen Baggio, Eduardo P Rico, Denis B Rosemberg, Renato D Dias, Tadeu M Souza, Maria E Calcagnotto, Maria M Campos, Ana M Battastini, and Diogo L de Oliveira
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a common convulsant agent used in animal models to investigate the mechanisms of seizures. Although adult zebrafish have been recently used to study epileptic seizures, a thorough characterization of the PTZ-induced seizures in this animal model is missing. The goal of this study was to perform a detailed temporal behavior profile characterization of PTZ-induced seizure in adult zebrafish. The behavioral profile during 20 min of PTZ immersion (5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM) was characterized by stages defined as scores: (0) short swim, (1) increased swimming activity and high frequency of opercular movement, (2) erratic movements, (3) circular movements, (4) clonic seizure-like behavior, (5) fall to the bottom of the tank and tonic seizure-like behavior, (6) death. Animals exposed to distinct PTZ concentrations presented different seizure profiles, intensities and latencies to reach all scores. Only animals immersed into 15 mM PTZ showed an increased time to return to the normal behavior (score 0), after exposure. Total mortality rate at 10 and 15 mM were 33% and 50%, respectively. Considering all behavioral parameters, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM PTZ, induced seizures with low, intermediate, and high severity, respectively. Pretreatment with diazepam (DZP) significantly attenuated seizure severity. Finally, the brain PTZ levels in adult zebrafish immersed into the chemoconvulsant solution at 5 and 10 mM were comparable to those described for the rodent model, with a peak after a 20-min of exposure. The PTZ brain levels observed after 2.5-min PTZ exposure and after 60-min removal from exposure were similar. Altogether, our results showed a detailed temporal behavioral characterization of a PTZ epileptic seizure model in adult zebrafish. These behavioral analyses and the simple method for PTZ quantification could be considered as important tools for future investigations and translational research.
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- 2013
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16. Soil structure changes: aggregate size and soil texture effects on hydraulic conductivity under different saline and sodic conditions
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Ben-Hur, M., Yolcu, G., Uysal, H., Lado, M., and Paz, A.
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Soil permeability -- Research ,Salinity -- Environmental aspects ,Soil structure -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Earth sciences ,Research ,Environmental aspects - Abstract
Hydraulic conductivity of soil is strongly dependent on soil structure, which can be degraded during wetting and leaching. It was hypothesised that this structural degradation is dependent on initial aggregate size distribution and soil texture. The general aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aggregate sizes and soil textures, and their interactions, on the structural degradation and saturated hydraulic conductivity ([K.sub.s]) of smectitic soils under different saline and sodic conditions. The studied soils were clay and loamy sand soils with low (~4.5) or high (~10) exchangeable sodium percentages (ESP), and with aggregate sizes in the ranges: (i), Introduction Soil hydraulic conductivity (K), which determines the ability of soil to conduct water, is an important parameter governing the soil phase of the hydrological cycle, affecting solute transport and [...]
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- 2009
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17. Efficacy of dry granular anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) on infiltration, runoff and erosion
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Abrol, V., Shainberg, I., Lado, M., and Ben-Hur, M.
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- 2013
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18. Impairment of the organization of locomotor and exploratory behaviors in bile duct-ligated rats.
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Renata Leke, Diogo L de Oliveira, Ben Hur M Mussulini, Mery S Pereira, Vanessa Kazlauckas, Guilherme Mazzini, Carolina R Hartmann, Themis R Silveira, Mette Simonsen, Lasse K Bak, Helle S Waagepetersen, Susanne Keiding, Arne Schousboe, and Luis V Portela
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) arises from acute or chronic liver diseases and leads to several problems, including motor impairment. Animal models of chronic liver disease have extensively investigated the mechanisms of this disease. Impairment of locomotor activity has been described in different rat models. However, these studies are controversial and the majority has primarily analyzed activity parameters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate locomotor and exploratory behavior in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats to explore the spatial and temporal structure of behavior. Adult female Wistar rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL rats) or the manipulation of common bile duct without ligation (control rats). Six weeks after surgery, control and BDL rats underwent open-field, plus-maze and foot-fault behavioral tasks. The BDL rats developed chronic liver failure and exhibited a decrease in total distance traveled, increased total immobility time, smaller number of rearings, longer periods in the home base area and decreased percentage of time in the center zone of the arena, when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the performance of the BDL rats was not different from the control rats for the elevated plus-maze and foot-fault tasks. Therefore, the BDL rats demonstrated disturbed spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities as a consequence of altered spatio-temporal organization of behavior.
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- 2012
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19. Clay mineralogy, ionic composition, and pH effects on hydraulic properties of depositional seals
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Lado, M., Ben-Hur, M., and Shainberg I.
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Hydrogen-ion concentration -- Analysis ,Clay minerals -- Analysis ,Sedimentation and deposition -- Analysis ,Electrolytes -- Analysis ,Soil mechanics -- Analysis ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Formation of a depositional seal is common in soils subjected to rainfall or sprinkler or surface irrigation; however, studies on its hydraulic properties are scarce. In this study, the effects of clay mineralogy, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrolyte concentration, and pH on the hydraulic properties of depositional seals were investigated. A silt loam packed in columns was leached with 5 g [L.sup.-1] suspensions of reference montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite with various ESPs (0-100), electrolyte concentrations ( Abbreviations: ESP, exchangeable sodium percentage; SAR, sodium adsorption ratio
- Published
- 2007
20. Differences in spatio-temporal behavior of zebrafish in the open tank paradigm after a short-period confinement into dark and bright environments.
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Denis B Rosemberg, Eduardo P Rico, Ben Hur M Mussulini, Angelo L Piato, Maria E Calcagnotto, Carla D Bonan, Renato D Dias, Rachel E Blaser, Diogo O Souza, and Diogo L de Oliveira
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The open tank paradigm, also known as novel tank diving test, is a protocol used to evaluate the zebrafish behavior. Several characteristics have been described for this species, including scototaxis, which is the natural preference for dark environments in detriment of bright ones. However, there is no evidence regarding the influence of "natural stimuli" in zebrafish subjected to novelty-based paradigms. In this report, we evaluated the spatio-temporal exploratory activity of the short-fin zebrafish phenotype in the open tank after a short-period confinement into dark/bright environments. A total of 44 animals were individually confined during a 10-min single session into one of three environments: black-painted, white-painted, and transparent cylinders (dark, bright, and transparent groups). Fish were further subjected to the novel tank test and their exploratory profile was recorded during a 15-min trial. The results demonstrated that zebrafish increased their vertical exploratory activity during the first 6-min, where the bright group spent more time and travelled a higher distance in the top area. Interestingly, all behavioral parameters measured for the dark group were similar to the transparent one. These data were confirmed by automated analysis of track and occupancy plots and also demonstrated that zebrafish display a classical homebase formation in the bottom area of the tank. A detailed spatio-temporal study of zebrafish exploratory behavior and the construction of representative ethograms showed that the experimental groups presented significant differences in the first 3-min vs. last 3-min of test. Although the main factors involved in these behavioral responses still remain ambiguous and require further investigation, the current report describes an alternative methodological approach for assessing the zebrafish behavior after a forced exposure to different environments. Additionally, the analysis of ethologically-relevant patterns across time could be a potential phenotyping tool to evaluate the zebrafish exploratory profile in the open tank task.
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- 2011
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21. Soil Microvariation as a Source of Variability in the Wild: The Case of Secondary Metabolism in Origanum dayi Post
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Amzallag, G. N., Larkov, O., Ben Hur, M., and Dudai, N.
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- 2005
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22. Growth management of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) under Mediterranean conditions
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Dudai, N., Putievsky, E., Chaimovitch, D., and Ben-Hur, M.
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Mediterranean region -- Natural resources ,Vetiver -- Growth ,Growth (Plants) -- Management ,Company growth ,Company business management ,Environmental issues - Abstract
To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.10.014 Byline: N. Dudai (a), E. Putievsky (a), D. Chaimovitch (a), M. Ben-Hur (b) Keywords: Vetiver; Mediterranean region; Soil conservation; Runoff Abstract: In spite of the advantages of Vetiver grass in light of environmental aspects, this plant is not used in the Mediterranean region. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to elucidate growth parameters and establishment of Vetiver under Mediterranean conditions suitable for its various environmental applications; and (ii) to develop management practices for growing vetiver under Mediterranean conditions. In greenhouse experiments conducted under controlled conditions it was found that, in general, increasing the minimum/maximum temperatures to 21-29[degrees]C significantly increased plant height. In the Mediterranean region, this range of air temperatures is obtained mainly during the summer, from June to September. For air temperatures up to 15-23[degrees]C the effect of day length on plant height was insignificant, whereas in air temperature >15-23[degrees]C, the plant heights under long day conditions were significantly higher than under short day. The number of sprouts per plant increased exponentially with increasing air temperature, and was not significantly affected by the day length at any air temperature range. In open fields, the heights of irrigated vetiver plants were significantly higher than those of rain-fed plants. It was concluded that, once they were established, vetiver plants could survive the dry summer of the Mediterranean region under rain-fed conditions, but they would be shorter than under irrigation. Cutting or burning of the plant foliage during the spring did not improve the survival of vetiver during the dry summer. In order to obtain fast growth of vetiver and to increase the possibility of its using the rainwater, the plants should be planted in the winter, during February and March. However, under this regime, the vetiver plant cannot be used as a soil stabilizer during the first winter, because the plant is still small. In contrast, under irrigation it is advantageous to plant vetiver at the beginning of the summer; the plant then has sufficient time to grow and develop before the beginning of the winter, so that its effect as a soil stabilizer in the following wet winter could be maximal. It was found that vetiver could grow in a wide range of substrates, such as: sandy soil, loamy sand, clay soil, crushed limestone, sandy clay loam, and tuff/peat mixture. Author Affiliation: (a) Section of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, ARO, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel (b) Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, the Volcani Center, ARO, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel Article History: Received 5 March 2005; Revised 21 July 2005; Accepted 6 October 2005 Article Note: (footnote) [star] Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 102/2005 series.
- Published
- 2006
23. Soil-plant system response to pulsed drip irrigation and salinity: bell pepper case Study
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Assouline, S., Moller, M., Cohen, S., Ben-Hur, M., Grava, A., Narkis, K., and Silber, A.
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Growth (Plants) -- Research ,Soils, Salts in -- Research ,Sweet peppers -- Research ,Trickle irrigation -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
High-frequency drip irrigation supplies water and nutrients at a rate that is close to plant uptake, thus enhancing growth and production. In light of water scarcity in arid regions, marginal water is increasingly considered as a resource for agricultural production. The objective of this study was to investigate the combined effects of pulsed irrigation and water salinity on the response of the soil--plant system. As a test crop, bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was cultivated in a screenhouse and drip irrigated daily (D) and at high frequency (P) with saline (S) and fresh (F) water. Simultaneous monitoring of meteorological, physiological, soil physical, plant and soil chemical, and yield data was performed during the experiment. Most physiological parameters were negatively affected by high water salinity. No consistent effect of the irrigation frequency was found on the overall season, although pulsed irrigation led to higher plant weight and leaf area at the early stages of plant growth. The distinct patterns of soil water content for the two irrigation frequencies are presented. Salinity in the root zone was higher under pulsed irrigation, an observation that is supported by measured leaf chloride content and tensiometer readings indicating that the once daily application may have more efficiently removed salts from the top soil. Yield, fruit weight, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were highest under once daily irrigation with fresh water. High-frequency irrigation led to higher Mn concentrations in leaves and fruits and increased concentrations of Cl, N, and P in leaves, confirming earlier conclusions on improved P mobilization and uptake under pulsed irrigation.
- Published
- 2006
24. Runoff and interrill erosion in sodic soils treated with dry PAM and phosphogypsum
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Tang, Z., Lei, T., Yu, J., Shainberg, I., Mamedov, A.I., Ben-Hur, M., and Levy, G.J.
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Soil conservation -- Methods ,Soil conservation -- Analysis ,Polyacrylamide -- Usage ,Gypsum -- Usage ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Seal formation at the soil surface during rainstorms reduces rain infiltration and leads to runoff and erosion. An increase in soil sodicity increases soil susceptibility to crusting, runoff, and erosion. Surface application of dissolved polyacrylamide (PAM) mixed with gypsum was found to be very effective in decreasing seal formation, runoff, and erosion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of surface application of dry granular PAM (20 kg [ha.sup.-1]) mixed with phosphogypsum (PG) (2 and 4 Mg [ha.sup.-1]) and that of PG alone on the infiltration rate (IR), runoff, and wash erosion from four smectitic soil types (ranging in clay content between 10 and 62% and sodicity level between exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP] 2 and 20) exposed to simulated distilled water rainstorms. Increasing ESP from 5 to 20 in the loamy sand decreased final IR from 14 to 2 mm [ha.sup.-1] and increased runoff and wash erosion in the control; similar trends but of different magnitude were noted in the other soil types. Spreading PAM mixed with PG or PG alone was effective in maintaining final IR > 12 mm [ha.sup.-1], low runoff, and wash erosion levels compared with their control. Use of PAM mixed with PG resulted in higher final IR and lower runoff levels than PG alone in all four soils studied. Conversely, with respect to soil erosion, PAM mixed with PG was more effective than PG alone in reducing wash erosion from the loamy sand and clay and had comparable effects on soil loss in the loam. It was concluded that for rain-fed agriculture, spreading of dry granular PAM mixed with PG was more effective than PG alone in reducing runoff and erosion in soils varying in texture and sodic conditions.
- Published
- 2006
25. Effects of effluent irrigation on seal formation, infiltration, and soil loss during rainfall
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Lado, M., Ben-Hur, M., and Assouline, S.
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Sewage irrigation -- Research ,Sewage irrigation -- Environmental aspects ,Soil chemistry -- Research ,Soil erosion -- Research ,Soil science -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The use or effluent for irrigation could affect tile chemical and hydraulic properties of soils due to its high salt and organic matter (OM) content, and, consequently, the rainfall--infiltration--runoff--erosion relationships during the subsequent rainy season. This study investigates the effects of long-term effluent irrigation on soil chemical properties, seal formation, infiltration, and soil loss under rainfall. Simulated rainfall (85 mm) was applied to (i) air-dried or (ii) prewetted clay and sandy soils front plots that had been irrigated with fresh water (FW) or efflueut for >10 yr. Effluent irrigation increased the total OM content and tile exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soils. The cumulative infiltration in FW- and effluent-irrigated clay soils was 6.5 and 5.6 mm, respectively, in the initially dry soils, and 52.3 and 51.5 mm, respectively, in the prewetted soils. In the FW- and effluent-irrigated sandy soils, the corresponding values of cumulative infiltration were 79.5 and 44.7 mm, and 85.0 and 56.3 mm, respectively. In the sandy soil, the higher sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values in the leachate of effluent-irrigated soil led to greater clay dispersion, which enhanced seal formation, reduced infiltration, and increased soil loss. In the clay soil, slaking was the main process involved in seal formation, neglecting the possible deleterious effect or effluent irrigation. When slaking was prevented, the SAR values in the leachate of the effluent-irrigated soil decreased during rainfall and were similar to those of the FW-irrigated soil at the end of the applied rainfall amount. This was probably due to the exchange of adsorbed Na with soluble Ca, which minimized the differences in clay dispersion, infiltration, and soil loss. Therefore, in the clay soil, aggregate slaking might be the main process involved in seal formation and affecting infiltration and erosion. These results show that the effect of effluent irrigation on infiltration, runoff, and soil loss depends on the soil type (amount of clay and CaC[O.sub.3]) and the dominant mechanisms of seal formation. Therefore, to prevent a possible deleterious effect on soil structure, it is necessary to identify sensitive areas and soils before the application of effluents for irrigation.
- Published
- 2005
26. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate stability, seal formation, and erosion
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Lado, M., Ben-Hur, M., and Shainberg, I.
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Soils -- Properties ,Soil erosion -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Previous studies about the effect of antecedent moisture content (AMC) on seal formation have shown contradictory results. We hypothesize that this controversy is related to differences in slaking during wetting. The objectives were to analyze the effects of: (i) clay content on aggregate stability and slaking; (ii) clay content and slaking on seal formation and interrill erosion under various wetting rates (WR) and AMC under simulated rain. Aggregate stability was determined on six smectitic soils from Israel with clay content from 80 to 630 g [kg.sup.-1]. In the rain simulator, soils with 230, 410 and 620 g [kg.sup.-1] clay were prewetted with WR = 1 and 5 mm [h.sup.-1] to AMC = 0.25 and 0.5 of field capacity (FC), prior to the application of 80 mm of rain. Aggregate stability and slaking by fast WR increased with increase in clay content. In soils with 230 and 410 g [kg.sup.-1] clay, raindrop impact was enough to disintegrate the aggregates and sealing was not affected by WR and AMC. Conversely, in the soil with 620 g [kg.sup.-1] day, seal formation increased with slaking caused by fast wetting. Thus, final infiltration rate of the clay soil with AMC = 0.5 FC and WR = 1 mm [h.sup.-1] was 11.1 mm [h.sup.-1] compared with 6.0 mm [h.sup.-1] in the air-dry soil (fast wetting by rain). The effects of WR and AMC on soil loss were similar to their effect on runoff but more pronounced. The relation between wetting process and clay content should be considered when predicting soil erosion in smectitic soils.
- Published
- 2004
27. Organic matter and aggregate size interactions in infiltration, seal formation, and soil loss
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Lado, M., Paz, A., and Ben-Hur, M.
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Soils -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the effect of soil organic matter (OM) contention the mechanisms that form a seal, and (ii) the OM content and aggregate size interactions in seal properties, infiltration rate (IR), and soil loss. Two samples of sandy loam (Humic Dystrudept) designated low-OM soil (2.3% by weight OM) and high-OM soil (3.5% OM) were studied. Aggregate sizes
- Published
- 2004
28. Organic matter and aggregate-size interactions in saturated hydraulic conductivity
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Lado, M., Paz, A., and Ben-Hur, M.
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Soil structure -- Research ,Soil permeability -- Research ,Humus -- Research ,Earth sciences - Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the interaction between organic matter (OM) content and aggregate size on the mechanisms that degrade the soil structure and on the saturated hydraulic conductivity ([K.sub.s]). Two samples of sandy loam (Humic Dystrudept) containing 2.5 and 3.5% OM, referred to as low-OM soil and high-OM soil, respectively, were collected from adjacent fields. Dry samples were sieved to obtain aggregate sizes of 93 and 2.9% and
- Published
- 2004
29. Soluble and solid organic matter effects on atrazine adsorption in cultivated soils
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Ben-Hur, M., Letey, J., Farmer, W.J., Williams, C.F., and Nelson, S.D.
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Soil chemistry -- Research ,Atrazine -- Environmental aspects ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Soil organic matter can be divided into solid (SOM) and water-dissolved (DOM) fractions; both of which can associate with herbicides. The objective was to examine the effects of DOM in applied solutions on atrazine adsorption in soil containing various SOM contents. A sandy loam with low (0.14%, Soil L), medium (1.2%, Soil M), or high (6.7%, Soil H) total organic matter, and artificial soil (Soil A) with no organic matter were used. These soils were treated with several different atrazine concentrations, dried, and extracted with water; the DOM concentrations in these extracts were 0, 10.1, 41.1, and 156.5 mg [L.sup.-1], respectively. These extracts and the untreated soils were used in batch experiment. The distribution coefficients ([K.sub.d]) for atrazine of Soils L, M, and H under mixing with Soil A extract were 0.19, 0.52, 2.51, respectively, indicating that the higher the SOM content, the higher the atrazine affinity to the soil solid phase. The effects of the DOM concentration on atrazine adsorption were estimated from the ratios ([R.sub.d]) between the [K.sub.d] for applied solution with no DOM and those for applied solutions containing DOM. [R.sub.d] > 1 indicates that the DOM decreases the herbicide adsorption. The [R.sub.d] values for Soils L, M, and H, each soil mixed with its extract, were 2.68, 1.93, and 1.07, respectively. In contrast, in the case where the soil was mixed with a solution that contained a higher DOM concentration than the soil extract, an increase in the DOM concentration in the applied solution decreased the [R.sub.d] value. This was probably because of adsorption of DOM-atrazine complexes on the SOM.
- Published
- 2003
30. Effects of water applications and soil tillage on water and salt distribution in a vertisol
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Assouline, S. and Ben-Hur, M.
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Irrigation -- Environmental aspects ,Tillage -- Environmental aspects ,Soil moisture -- Research ,Soil chemistry -- Research ,Runoff -- Prevention ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Under limited water resources, modern irrigation methods tend to save water and improve water and salt regimes within the root zone. This study deals with the combined effects of water application methods and tillage practices on water and salt distributions, runoff production, and soil loss in a field irrigated with moving irrigation systems (MIS). An experiment was conducted in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Sivon) field at Hazorea, Israel, where the main soil type is vertisol (Typic Chromoxerets). Sprinkling (SP) and flooding (FL) MIS, and conventional (CT) and microbasin (MB) tillage, were compared in terms of runoff and soil loss from runoff microplots (5 [m.sup.-2]), soil water content and salinity distribution with depth, yield, and plant height. Under SP conditions, no runoff and soil loss were obtained for either tillage practice. In the FL/CT treatment, the mean runoff and soil loss were about 25% of the irrigation water and 0.59 kg [m.sup.-2]. The FL/MB treatment reduced the runoff and soil loss to 5.8% and 0.02 kg [m.sup.-2], respectively. The soil water contents in the SP treatments were generally lower than in the FL treatments, especially in the 0.1- to 0.6-m soil layer. No significant differences in the soil salinity, plant height, and seed-cotton yield were observed between the treatments. Microbasins tillage reduces water losses under flooding MIS to a point where they become practically similar to those obtained under sprinkler MIS. It can potentially lead to lower water losses if the microbasins storage capacity is matched to the water application rate, to avoid runoff.
- Published
- 2003
31. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing
- Author
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Assouline, S. and Ben-Hur, M.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Indigenous soil and water conservation techniques: effects on runoff, erosion, and crop yields under semi-arid conditions
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Wakindiki, I.I.C. and Ben-Hur, M.
- Subjects
Water conservation -- Methods -- Environmental aspects -- Analysis ,Soil research -- Analysis -- Methods -- Environmental aspects ,Erosion -- Environmental aspects -- Analysis -- Methods ,Runoff -- Environmental aspects -- Methods -- Analysis ,Agricultural industry ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Smallholder farmers in arid and semi-arid regions use indigenous soil and water conservation (ISWC) techniques, such as trash lines and stone lines spaced about 15 m apart across the slope. This work evaluated the effects of size of trash lines and decreasing the space between trash or stone lines to 2 m on runoff, erosion, and corn and cowpea yields. Big trash line (BTL), small trash line (STL), and stone line (SL) techniques, and a control (no ISWC technique) were evaluated in 12 runoff plots (2 by 6 m each) with 10% slope in a semi-arid area in Kenya, during 5 consecutive rainy seasons. The ISWC techniques significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased runoff and soil loss, and increased corn and cowpea yields, compared with the control treatment in most of the rainy seasons. The BTL was, in general, the most effective technique; no consistent differences were found between the STL and SL techniques. In BTL, STL, SL, and control, the seasonal average runoff for each treatment was 25, 31, 29, and 51 mm, respectively; the seasonal average soil loss was 0.23, 0.33, 0.3, and 0.67 Mg/ha, respectively; and the seasonal average biomass (grain and stover of corn and cowpea) was 4.8, 4.0, 4.0, and 2.5 Mg/ha, respectively. The seasonal biomass increased linearly and significantly (P ≤ 0.01) with increasing water infiltration. As more water infiltrated, more water was available for crop production, and the yield was higher. Additional keywords: trash lines, steep land, seal formation., Introduction Runoff and soil erosion are serious and widespread land degradation problems in many parts of the world (Hudson 1992). In Kenya, runoff and soil erosion have been identified as [...]
- Published
- 2002
33. Behavioral effects of taurine pretreatment in zebrafish acutely exposed to ethanol
- Author
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Rosemberg, Denis B., Braga, Marcos M., Rico, Eduardo P., Loss, Cássio M., Córdova, Sandro D., Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Blaser, Rachel E., Leite, Carlos E., Campos, Maria M., Dias, Renato D., Calcagnotto, Maria E., de Oliveira, Diogo L., and Souza, Diogo O.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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34. Soil mineralogy effects on seal formation, runoff and soil loss
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Lado, M and Ben-Hur, M
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Yield and vegetative growth as related to plant water potential of cotton irrigated with a moving sprinkler system at different frequencies and wetting depths
- Author
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Plaut, Z., Ben-Hur, M., and Meiri, A.
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. The effect of polyacrylamide on runoff, erosion, and cotton yield from fields irrigated with moving sprinkler systems
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Levy, G. J., Ben-Hur, M., and Agassi, M.
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Technical note on local adaptations to soil erosion and low soil moisture in the semiarid Tharaka District, Kenya
- Author
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Wakindiki, IIC, Runguma, D, Ben-Hur, M, and Mochoge, BO
- Abstract
This study explored the local adaptations to soil erosion and low soil water status in the semi arid Tharaka area in Kenya. Personal interviews and non-participant observations were used to solicit information from 137 small-scale farmers. A workshop was held in each of the three village clusters at the beginning and at the end of each rainy (crop) season involving the researchers, farmers, local opinion leaders and agricultural extension agents. The study found out that farmers had developed ingenious indigenous soil and water conservation practices in response to soil erosion and low soil moisture. The main indigenous methods used were intercropping, trash lines, stone bunds, minimum tillage, grass strips, ''fanya juu" terraces and their combinations. The farmers' decision to adapt a particular technique was influenced by the technique's ability to control runoff, associated crop yield increment, farming system, availability of the raw material, and the labour requirement.Keywords: Soil erosion, soil moisture, soil and water conservation, indigenous knowledge, TharakaTanzania J. Agric. Sc. (2000) Vol. 3 No.1, 75-80
- Published
- 2015
38. Effect of soil texture and CaCO3 content on water infiltration in crusted soil as related to water salinity
- Author
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Ben-Hur, M., Shainberg, I., Bakker, D., and Keren, R.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Abstracts of papers presented at the 11th congress of the phytopathological society of Israel February 15–16,1988 Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Author
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Loebenstein, G., Franck, A., Abir, H., Holin, M., Barak, E., Cohen, A., Chalutz, E., Ben-Arie, Ruth, Droby, S., Weiss, Batya, Karni, Leah, Kobiler, Ilana, Bar-Shira, Einav, Barkai-Golan, Rivka, Eyal, Helena, Kadish, D., Samoucha, Y., Bashan, Bilha, Levy, Y., Abadi, Rachel, Benderly, Michal, Meiri, A., Chet, I., Pe’er, Sara, Fahima, T., Katan, J., Henis, Y., Sztejnberg, A., Galper, S., Abo-Foul, S., Mandelbaum, R., Gorodetzki, Barbara, Hadar, Y., Bonne-Nitzani, Elinoar, Kenneth, R. G., Freeman, S., Gamliel, A., Peretz, E., Eshed, Nava, Shimshoni, Gilly, Elad, Y., Yona, I., Pinkas, Y., Yunis, H., Solel, Z., Volpin, Hanne, Zilberstein, Miryam, Ben-Yephet, Y., Szmulewich, Y., Kritzman, G., Kimchi, M., Katan, Talma, Kariv, Arna, Dori, S., Levy, Edna, Zelikovitch, Noga, Frumkin, O., Lisker, N., Wilson, C. L., Kleifeld, Y., Borg, D., Omary, N., Reuveni, R., Hadar, Esther, Ziv, O., Raviv, M., Allingham, Yael, Bar, R., Mahrer, Y., Gelerenter, Ilana, Zeharia, Jehudith, Anikster, Y., Rothchild, Hanna, Manisterski, J., Bar-Tsur, A., Tsror, Leah, Nachmias, A., Kaufman, Z., Livescu, L., Krikun, J., Orenstein, Janette, Perombelon, M., Ben-Hur, M., Tibor, M., Dinoor, A., Prusky, D., Levanony, Hanna, Bashan, Y., Or, R., Siti, E., Bruton, B. D., Jeger, M. J., Tamari, R., Grinstein, A., Frankel, H., Austerweil, Miriam, Rivan, Yehudith, Shtainer, Bracha, Madar, Z., Greenberger, A., Baum, D., Eyal, Z., Danon, Tamar, Hershenhorn, J., Barash, I., Kobiler, D., Jacoby, B., Blumental-Yonassi, Jill, Paster, N., Ben-Ze’ev, I. S., Frank, A., Bar-Joseph, M., and Koltin, Y.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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40. Using grafted vegetables to increase tolerance to salt and toxic elements.
- Author
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Edelstein, M., Cohen, R., Baumkoler, F., and Ben-Hur, M.
- Subjects
VEGETABLES ,HALOPHYTES ,WATER shortages ,SALINE waters ,IRRIGATION ,BORON - Abstract
Semi-arid and arid regions are characterized by water scarcity and long dry summers. To ensure continued food supply and to combat desertification in these regions, marginal waters such as saline water and treated domestic sewage (effluent) are increasingly used for irrigation. These conditions may decrease plant growth and fruit yields of vegetables, which are relatively sensitive to environmental stress, and increase the accumulation in plant shoots of toxic elements which could enter the human food supply. In addition, the use of highly saline water for irrigation may increase the susceptibility of plants to soil and airborne pathogens. Experiments conducted in the field and in greenhouses show that grafting, a horticultural technique whereby tissues from one plant are inserted into those of another so that the two sets of vascular tissues may join, in general increases the tolerance of vegetable plants to salinity, high concentrations of toxic elements, and soilborne diseases. Moreover, the concentrations of toxic elements, such as B, Zn, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Na are lower in the tissues of grafted than in those of nongrafted plants. This difference is most likely a result of exclusion of toxic elements by the rootstock of the grafted plants. It is suggested that grafting could be a useful tool to increase the tolerance of vegetable plants to salt, toxic elements, and soilborne diseases, and to prevent the entry of contaminants and saline elements into the human food supply under arid and semi-arid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Overcoming Salinity Barriers to Crop Production Using Traditional Methods.
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Plaut, Z., Edelstein, M., and Ben-Hur, M.
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AGRICULTURAL productivity ,ARID regions ,CROPS ,GENETIC engineering ,PLANT growth ,MYCORRHIZAL fungi - Abstract
Salinity is a major problem in arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation is essential for crop production. Major sources of salinity in these regions are salt-rich irrigation water and improper irrigation management. The effects of salinity on crops include inhibition of growth and production, and ultimately, death. There are two main approaches to alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on agricultural crops: (i) development of salt-tolerant cultivars by screening, conventional breeding or genetic engineering, and (ii) the traditional approach dealing with treatments and management of the soil, plants, irrigation water, and plant environment. The success of the first approach is limited under commercial growing conditions, because salt-tolerance traits in plants are complex. The present paper reviews, analyzes, and discusses the following traditional approaches: (i) improving the plant environment, (ii) exploiting interactions between plant roots and bacteria and fungi, and (iii) treating the plant directly. With respect to improving the plant environment, we review the possibilities of decreasing salt content and concentration and improving the nutrient composition and concentration in the root zone, and controlling the plant's aerial environment. The interactions between salt-tolerant bacteria or mycorrhizal fungi and root systems, and their effects on salt-tolerance, are demonstrated and discussed. Discussed treatments aimed at alleviating salinity hazard by treating the plant directly include priming of seeds and young seedlings, using proper seed size, grafting onto tolerant rootstocks, applying non-enzymatic antioxidants, plant growth regulators or compatible solutes, and foliar application of nutrients. It can be concluded from the present review that the traditional approaches provide promising means for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on agricultural crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Seizures Induced by Pentylenetetrazole in the Adult Zebrafish: A Detailed Behavioral Characterization.
- Author
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Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Leite, Carlos E., Zenki, Kamila C., Moro, Luana, Baggio, Suelen, Rico, Eduardo P., Rosemberg, Denis B., Dias, Renato D., Souza, Tadeu M., Calcagnotto, Maria E., Campos, Maria M., Battastini, Ana M., and de Oliveira, Diogo L.
- Subjects
- *
CONVULSANTS , *ZEBRA danio , *ANIMAL behavior , *BICYCLIC diazepines , *DEATH (Biology) ,EPILEPSY research - Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a common convulsant agent used in animal models to investigate the mechanisms of seizures. Although adult zebrafish have been recently used to study epileptic seizures, a thorough characterization of the PTZinduced seizures in this animal model is missing. The goal of this study was to perform a detailed temporal behavior profile characterization of PTZ-induced seizure in adult zebrafish. The behavioral profile during 20 min of PTZ immersion (5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM) was characterized by stages defined as scores: (0) short swim, (1) increased swimming activity and high frequency of opercular movement, (2) erratic movements, (3) circular movements, (4) clonic seizure-like behavior, (5) fall to the bottom of the tank and tonic seizure-like behavior, (6) death. Animals exposed to distinct PTZ concentrations presented different seizure profiles, intensities and latencies to reach all scores. Only animals immersed into 15 mM PTZ showed an increased time to return to the normal behavior (score 0), after exposure. Total mortality rate at 10 and 15 mM were 33% and 50%, respectively. Considering all behavioral parameters, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mM PTZ, induced seizures with low, intermediate, and high severity, respectively. Pretreatment with diazepam (DZP) significantly attenuated seizure severity. Finally, the brain PTZ levels in adult zebrafish immersed into the chemoconvulsant solution at 5 and 10 mM were comparable to those described for the rodent model, with a peak after a 20-min of exposure. The PTZ brain levels observed after 2.5-min PTZ exposure and after 60-min removal from exposure were similar. Altogether, our results showed a detailed temporal behavioral characterization of a PTZ epileptic seizure model in adult zebrafish. These behavioral analyses and the simple method for PTZ quantification could be considered as important tools for future investigations and translational research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Changes in Chemical Properties of Semiarid Soils under Long-Term Secondary Treated Wastewater Irrigation.
- Author
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Lado, M., Bar-Tal, A., Azenkot, A., Assouline, S., Ravina, I., Erner, Y., Fine, P., Dasberg, S., and Ben-Hur, M.
- Subjects
IRRIGATION ,SEWAGE ,SOILS ,HUMUS ,BORON - Abstract
The article discusses a study which determined the effects of long-term irrigation with secondary treated wastewater (TWW) on chemical properties of two contrasting soils under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. It was noted that a long-term irrigation with TWW had insignificant effects on total organic matter content and concentrations of dissolved organic matter in both soils. There was also an increase of boron concentration in the upper 1.75-meter layer under TWW irrigation.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Impairment of the Organization of Locomotor and Exploratory Behaviors in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats.
- Author
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Leke, Renata, de Oliveira, Diogo L., Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Pereira, Mery S., Kazlauckas, Vanessa, Mazzini, Guilherme, Hartmann, Carolina R., Silveira, Themis R., Simonsen, Mette, Bak, Lasse K., Waagepetersen, Helle S., Keiding, Susanne, Schousboe, Arne, and Portela, Luis V.
- Subjects
HEPATIC encephalopathy ,BILE ducts ,LABORATORY rats ,EXPERIMENTAL pathology ,COMPARATIVE pathology ,EXPERIMENTAL medicine ,BRAIN damage - Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) arises from acute or chronic liver diseases and leads to several problems, including motor impairment. Animal models of chronic liver disease have extensively investigated the mechanisms of this disease. Impairment of locomotor activity has been described in different rat models. However, these studies are controversial and the majority has primarily analyzed activity parameters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate locomotor and exploratory behavior in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats to explore the spatial and temporal structure of behavior. Adult female Wistar rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL rats) or the manipulation of common bile duct without ligation (control rats). Six weeks after surgery, control and BDL rats underwent open-field, plus-maze and foot-fault behavioral tasks. The BDL rats developed chronic liver failure and exhibited a decrease in total distance traveled, increased total immobility time, smaller number of rearings, longer periods in the home base area and decreased percentage of time in the center zone of the arena, when compared to the control rats. Moreover, the performance of the BDL rats was not different from the control rats for the elevated plus-maze and foot-fault tasks. Therefore, the BDL rats demonstrated disturbed spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activities as a consequence of altered spatio-temporal organization of behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Physical exercise reverses glutamate uptake and oxidative stress effects of chronic homocysteine administration in the rat
- Author
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da Cunha, Maira J., da Cunha, Aline A., Ferreira, Andréa G.K., Machado, Fernanda R., Schmitz, Felipe, Lima, Daniela D., Delwing, Debora, Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Wofchuk, Susana, Netto, Carlos A., and Wyse, Angela T.S.
- Subjects
GLUTAMIC acid ,OXIDATIVE stress ,HOMOCYSTEINE ,SUPEROXIDE dismutase ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,LABORATORY rats - Abstract
Abstract: The influence of physical exercise on the effects elicited by homocysteine on glutamate uptake and some parameters of oxidative stress, namely thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (H
2 DCF) oxidation, as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in rat cerebral cortex were investigated. Wistar rats received subcutaneous administration of homocysteine or saline (control) from the 6th to 29th day of life. The physical exercise was performed from the 30th to 60th day of life; 12h after the last exercise session animals were sacrificed and the cerebral cortex was dissected out. It is shown that homocysteine reduces glutamate uptake increases thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and disrupts enzymatic antioxidant defenses in cerebral cortex. Physical activity reversed the homocysteine effects on glutamate uptake and on antioxidant enzymes activities; although the increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was only partially reversed by exercise. These findings allow us to suggest that physical exercise may have a protective role against homocysteine-induced oxidative imbalance and brain damage to the glutamatergic system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Differences in Spatio-Temporal Behavior of Zebrafish in the Open Tank Paradigm after a Short-Period Confinement into Dark and Bright Environments.
- Author
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Rosemberg, Denis B., Rico, Eduardo P., Mussulini, Ben Hur M., Piato, Ângelo L., Calcagnotto, Maria E., Bonan, Carla D., Dias, Renato D., Blaser, Rachel E., Souza, Diogo O., and de Oliveira, Diogo L.
- Subjects
ZEBRA danio ,ANIMAL behavior ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,PHENOTYPES ,BRACHYDANIO - Abstract
The open tank paradigm, also known as novel tank diving test, is a protocol used to evaluate the zebrafish behavior. Several characteristics have been described for this species, including scototaxis, which is the natural preference for dark environments in detriment of bright ones. However, there is no evidence regarding the influence of ''natural stimuli'' in zebrafish subjected to novelty-based paradigms. In this report, we evaluated the spatio-temporal exploratory activity of the short-fin zebrafish phenotype in the open tank after a short-period confinement into dark/bright environments. A total of 44 animals were individually confined during a 10-min single session into one of three environments: black-painted, white-painted, and transparent cylinders (dark, bright, and transparent groups). Fish were further subjected to the novel tank test and their exploratory profile was recorded during a 15-min trial. The results demonstrated that zebrafish increased their vertical exploratory activity during the first 6-min, where the bright group spent more time and travelled a higher distance in the top area. Interestingly, all behavioral parameters measured for the dark group were similar to the transparent one. These data were confirmed by automated analysis of track and occupancy plots and also demonstrated that zebrafish display a classical homebase formation in the bottom area of the tank. A detailed spatio-temporal study of zebrafish exploratory behavior and the construction of representative ethograms showed that the experimental groups presented significant differences in the first 3-min vs. last 3-min of test. Although the main factors involved in these behavioral responses still remain ambiguous and require further investigation, the current report describes an alternative methodological approach for assessing the zebrafish behavior after a forced exposure to different environments. Additionally, the analysis of ethologically-relevant patterns across time could be a potential phenotyping tool to evaluate the zebrafish exploratory profile in the open tank task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Hyperhomocysteinemia reduces glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats
- Author
-
Matté, Cristiane, Mussulini, Ben Hur M., dos Santos, Tiago M., Soares, Flávia M.S., Simão, Fabrício, Matté, Aline, de Oliveira, Diogo L., Salbego, Christianne G., Wofchuk, Susana T., and Wyse, Angela T.S.
- Subjects
- *
HOMOCYSTEINE , *INJECTIONS , *NEUROTRANSMITTER uptake inhibitors , *GLUTAMIC acid , *CEREBRAL cortex , *LABORATORY rats - Abstract
Abstract: In the present study we evaluated the effect of acute and chronic homocysteine administrations on glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of rats. The immunocontent of glial glutamate transporter (GLAST) and sodium-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLT-1) in the same cerebral structure was also investigated. For acute treatment, neonate or young rats received a single injection of homocysteine or saline (control) and were sacrificed 1, 8, 12h, 7 or 30 days later. For chronic treatment, homocysteine was administered to rats twice a day at 8h interval from their 6th to their 28th days old; controls and treated rats were sacrificed 12h, 1, 7 or 30 days after the last injection. Results show that acute hyperhomocysteinemia caused a reduction on glutamate uptake in parietal cortex of neonate and young rats, and that 12h after homocysteine administration the glutamate uptake returned to normal levels in young rats, but not in neonate. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia reduced glutamate uptake, and GLAST and GLT-1 immunocontent. According to our results, it seems reasonable to postulate that the reduction on glutamate uptake in cerebral cortex of rats caused by homocysteine may be mediated by the reduction of GLAST and GLT-1 immunocontent, leading to increased extracellular glutamate concentrations, promoting excitotoxicity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Soil mineralogy and slope effects on infiltration, interrill erosion, and slope factor.
- Author
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Ben-Hur, M. and Wakindiki, I. I. C.
- Abstract
Interactions between the effects of soil mineralogy and of slope gradient on seal formation, infiltration rate (IR), runoff, and soil loss were evaluated, and the slope factor ( S
f ) functions for various soils with differing mineralogy were examined. Three different soils, on slopes of 9, 15, 20, and 25%, were subjected to 80 mm of simulated rainfall. The final IR was ≥20.5 mm h−1 in a clayey kaolinitic soil and ≤15 mm h−1 in smectitic soils. The total runoff, as a percentage of rainfall, ranged from 24 to 18%, 65 to 43%, and 50 to 35% from the kaolinitic, clayey smectitic, and sandy loam smectitic soils, respectively. The total soil loss ranged from 0.32 to 0.45 and from 1.14 to 3.93 kg m−2 for the kaolinitic and smectitic soils, respectively. In all three soils, increasing the slope gradient increased the detachment of coarse particles (>0.1 mm) more sharply than that of small particles (<0.1 mm), especially in the smectitic soils. Combining these results with previous findings for six soils indicated that soils could be divided into two groups according to their Sf values: (1) soils that contained smectite and were therefore dispersive and (2) soils that did not contain smectite and were therefore stable. For the former soils the regression Sf = 0.47exp(7.7 sin ) defined the Sf values significantly, whereas for the latter group a linear regression Sf = 0.81 + 1.77 (sin ) was required. It was suggested that the difference in the Sf functions was mainly due to seal formation enhancement by the smectite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Soil Mineralogy and Texture Effects on Crust Micromorphology, Infiltration, and Erosion.
- Author
-
Wakindiki, I.I.C. and Ben-Hur, M.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL mineralogy , *CRUST of the earth , *SOIL infiltration , *EROSION - Abstract
Examines the effect of soil mineralogy and texture on crust micromorphology, infiltration and erosion. Influence of rainfall on the breakdown of soil aggregates; Compaction of soil surface; Types of soil crust.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Water and Salt Distribution in a Field Irrigated with Marginal Water under High Water Table...
- Author
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Ben-Hur, M. and Li, F. H.
- Subjects
- *
IRRIGATION water , *WATER distribution , *SOIL leaching , *WATER table , *SOIL moisture - Abstract
Determine the salt and water distributions and salt leaching in a field irrigated by sprinklers, under nonisotropic and high groundwater level conditions. Electrical conductivity of the irrigation water; Variations in water table level; Steady-state and isotropic conditions; Rise of the saline groundwater in the lower part of the field in winter.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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