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The commercialization of water‐splitting technology strongly relies on the stable and high‐performance electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER‐OER). In this work, the nickel dopants in IrRu alloyed electrocatalyst for acidic water splitting activity are investigated. The incorporation of nickel dopants induces more oxygen atoms coordinating with Ir/Ru facilitating the formation of *OOH species via nucleophilic attack by H2O. Additionally, a fast surface reconstruction is achieved due to the electrochemical dissolution of Ni dopants; as a result, more oxygen species are incorporated, evidenced by in situ Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Therefore, the mass activity for Ni@IrRu is enhanced by threefold than commercial IrO2 in acidic OER catalysis. Moreover, the nickel dopants balance the hydrogen binding strength; as a result, only 609 mV overpotential is demanded to reach 1 A cm−2 in acidic HER catalysis. The polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) test indicates only 1.87 V is required to attain 2 A cm−2, 160 mV lower than Pt/C‐IrO2 revealing its potential application in PEMWE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of single atoms (SAs) as trifunctional electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction, oxygen reduction, and oxygen evolution reactions (NRR, ORR, and OER) is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we devise one‐pot synthesized palladium SAs stabilized on nitrogen‐doped carbon palladium SA electrocatalyst (Pd‐SA/NC) as efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst for NRR, ORR, and OER. Pd‐SA/NC performs a robust catalytic activity toward NRR with faradaic efficiency of 22.5% at −0.25 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), and the relative Pd utilization efficiency is enhanced by 17‐fold than Pd‐NP/NC. In addition, the half‐wave potential reaches 0.876 V versus RHE, amounting to a 58‐time higher mass activity than commercial Pt/C. Moreover, the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 is as low as 287 mV for Pd‐SA/NC, outperforming the commercial IrO2 by 360 times in turnover frequency at 1.6 V versus RHE. Accordingly, the assembled rechargeable zinc‐air battery (ZAB) achieves a maximum power density of 170 mW cm−2, boosted by 2.3 times than Pt/C–IrO2. Two constructed ZABs efficiently power the NRR‐OER system to electrochemically generate ammonia implying its superior trifunctionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-image forming effects of electric light can be employed to address problems related to individuals' productivity in isolated and confined extreme environments (ICEs). A systematic review and meta-analysis, registered at PROSPERO (Registration ID: CRD 42022326269), were conducted to thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of the daytime artificial light intervention on alertness, cognition, and mood using psychological, cognitive performance, and physiological multimodal measures. Twenty-eight studies were identified after an extensive search scope of major electronic databases including Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Results revealed that the use of daytime light interventions significantly improved alertness and cognition, and reduced the alpha wave of electroencephalogram, whereas no significant difference was observed for mood. Subgroup analyses by intervention attribute suggested that light parameters and time characteristics affected the efficacy of diurnal light intervention with varying degrees. Future work investigating the correlation between the two variables is needed to further our understanding of the impact of daytime electric light on human responses. This study and its methodology can be useful for researchers as they establish lighting design guidelines capable of improving human functions in ICEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of computer information technology has increased the complexity of the human–computer interface, especially in supervision tasks. It is difficult for users to pay attention to multiple information and make decisions in real-time, which needs higher requirements for the design of a human–computer interface. The research designs a novel adaptive human–computer interface using the Adaptive Interface Design (AID) framework: Combining the real-time user attention and system state as the input layer of AID; Building a hybrid entropy attention allocation model as the decision layer of AID; Adjusting the real-time saliency of the information in the interface as the output layer of AID. The comparative experiments in supervision tasks are conducted to test the performance of the users in the designed adaptive interface and traditional interface. The results show that the designed adaptive human–computer interface can effectively improve the supervisors' performance and reduce the risk of system failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of repairing the surface of products in aviation, aerospace, and other fields by spraying, accurate 3D cumulative-coating modeling is an important research issue in spraying-process simulation. The approach to this issue is a 3D cumulative-coating model based on inclined spraying. Firstly, an oblique spraying layer cumulative model was established, which could quickly collect the coating thickness distribution data of different spray distances. Secondly, 3D cumulative-coating modeling was conducted with the distance between the measuring point and the axis of the spray gun and the spraying distance between the measuring points as the input parameters, and the coating thickness of the measuring point as the output parameter. The experimental results show that the mean relative error of the cumulative model of the oblique spraying layer is less than 4.1% in the case of a 170~290 mm spraying distance and that the model is applicable in the range of −80~80 mm, indicating that the data on the oblique spraying coating proposed in this paper is accurate and fast. The accuracy of the 3D cumulative-coating model proposed in this paper is 1.2% and 21.5% higher than that of the two similar models, respectively. Therefore, the approach of 3D cumulative-coating modeling based on inclined distance spraying is discovered, demonstrating the advantages of fast and accurate modeling and enabling accurate 3D cumulative-coating modeling for spraying process simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we propose a facile method for fast synthesis of Ag nanowires by an ultrasonication-mediated galvanic replacement reaction between Ag+ and raspberry-like Cu nanoparticles at room temperature. The structural and morphological properties of the obtained Ag nanowires were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and selected area electron diffraction techniques. The diameter and length of the obtained Ag nanowires were in the range of 60–90 nm and 25–55 μm, respectively. By coating Ag nanowire dispersions on polyethylene terephthalate substrates, the prepared flexible films had a transmittance of about 80% at 550 nm and sheet resistance of about 15 Ω sq−1. It was noteworthy that the flexible transparent conductive films could tolerate multiple bendings at different angles and maintained good conductivity even after 10 000 repeated bendings. Because of the comprehensive performance and simple preparation method of Ag nanowires, we envision that the development of such a promising route for high-quality Ag nanowires could have broad applications in the field of flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water splitting, an efficient technology to produce purified hydrogen, normally requires high cell voltage (>1.5 V), which restricts the application of single atoms electrocatalyst in water oxidation due to the inferior stability, especially in acidic environment. Substitution of anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) effectually reduces the overall voltage. In this work, the utilization of iridium single atom (Ir‐SA/NC) as robust hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR electrocatalyst in 0.5 m H2SO4 electrolyte is reported. Mass activity of Ir‐SA/NC is as high as 37.02 A mgIr−1 at overpotential of 50 mV in HER catalysis, boosted by 127‐time than Pt/C. Besides, Ir‐SA/NC requires only 0.39 V versus RHE to attain 10 mA cm−2 in HzOR catalysis, dramatically lower than OER (1.5 V versus RHE); importantly, a superior stability is achieved in HzOR. Moreover, the mass activity at 0.5 V versus RHE is enhanced by 83‐fold than Pt/C. The in situ Raman spectroscopy investigation suggests the HzOR pathway follows *N2H4→*2NH2→*2NH→2N→*N2→N2 for Ir‐SA/NC. The hydrazine assisted water splitting demands only 0.39 V to drive, 1.25 V lower than acidic water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dendrite growth and parasitic reactions with liquid electrolyte are the two key factors that restrict the practical application of the lithium metal anode. Herein, a bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide based single-ion polymer artificial layer for a lithium metal anode is successfully constructed, which is prepared via blending the as-prepared copolymer of lithiated 4, 4′-dicarboxyl bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether on the surface of lithium foil. This single-ion polymer artificial layer enables compact structure with unique continuous aggregated Li+ clusters, thus reducing the direct contact between lithium metal and electrolyte simultaneously, ensuring Li+ transport is fast and homogeneous. Based on which, the coulombic efficiency of the Li|Cu half-cell is effectively improved, and the cycle stability of the Li|Li symmetric cell can be prolonged from 160 h to 240 h. Surficial morphology and elemental valence analysis confirm that the bis(benzene sulfonyl)imide based single-ion polymer artificial layer effectively facilitates the Li+ uniform deposition and suppresses parasitic reactions between lithium metal anode and liquid electrolyte in the LFP|Li full-cell. This strategy provides a new perspective to achieve a steady lithium metal anode, which can be a promising candidate in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the sealing performance of the multistage liquid-sealing impellers of a turbopump. To achieve this purpose, the influence of each structural parameter in the impeller on the pressurization coefficient φ2 and the leakage flow rate Q was analyzed based on response surface methodology, taking the maximum pressurization coefficient φ2 and the minimum leakage flow rate Q as the optimization objectives. We obtained satisfactory ranges for parameters φ2 and Q. A set of parameter combinations was selected as the optimization scheme using the Box–Behnken method for the optimal solution design. The numerical simulation results show that to keep φ2 and Q in the better range, the value ranges of groove width b, groove depth h and groove number z should be (12.8–14 mm), (4.5–5.6 mm) and (23.5–28), respectively. Compared with the original model, the optimized version has an average increase of about 2.5% in pressurization coefficient φ2 at each rotation speed, an average of about 8.2% reduction in the leakage flow rate Q in the leakage state and an average increase in the reverse flow rate Q by about 6.7% in the negative pressure sealing state, indicating better sealing. By comparing pressure data at the experimental monitoring points, the proposed method was verified to have a high degree of confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]