Search

This study explored the learner autonomy of Thai EFL undergraduates in English language learning and the extent to which they conducted learner-learner interaction, learnerinstructor interaction, learner-content interaction, and overall interaction. Moreover, the study investigated whether there was a significant difference in overall interaction for different learner autonomy levels. The sample included 83 English major freshmen enrolling in an online English Phonetics course at a public university in Bangkok, Thailand. The data were collected through an online learner autonomy and interaction questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey tests were utilized to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the participants possessed a high level of overall learner autonomy. While they had a high level of ability to learn English autonomously, they had a moderate level of responsibility for their learning process. Further, the participants had a high level of overall interaction. Although they had a high level of learner-content and learner-instructor interaction, they possessed an average level of learner-learner interaction. The participants with a low learner autonomy level had significantly lower overall interaction scores than those with a moderate or high level of learner autonomy.

Pre-service teachers' ability to construct and conduct assessment has been a point of emphasis for decades, and rightfully so. It is crucial that they acquire the necessary knowledge and abilities in their language assessment course during their pre-service teacher education to effectively assess students in their future professional routines. The purpose of this research was to determine if and how pre-service English teachers' (PSETs) satisfaction with their language assessment course corresponded with their level of readiness. 51 out of 56 PSETs participated since they met the two requirements (passing the language assessment course and enrolling in TAP). The Fulcher (2012) language assessment literacy questionnaire was adapted and disseminated. The questions were organized into four categories for the purpose of analysis: overarching principles and concepts in linguistic assessment; designing language assessment; scoring test items and analyzing test results. Results demonstrated that LAL satisfaction was not congruent with assessment readiness. There was a "neutral" level of satisfaction among participants (51.5 percent), but they were nearly set to begin practicing assessment at their TAP (78.5 percent). Additionally, included are statistics that are specific to each of the four categories found in the questionnaire. In particular, the study suggests that training in evaluating open-response questions and analyzing test items warrants expansion. Additional research could fill in the gap between LAL satisfaction and the PSETs by examining the relationship between the two.

Waste management is a significant issue in Indonesia, and awareness and actions across all sectors, including school students, play a critical role. This study investigates the impact of educational interventions on students' awareness and actions regarding waste management and its potential as a source of environmentally friendly energy. The research used a quasi-experimental design, specifically a non-equivalent control group, involving a sample of 44 tenth-grade students in Bandung who were studying environmental change. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data were gathered via a questionnaire. Results indicate that the intervention significantly improved students' awareness of utilizing waste as an eco-friendly energy source (p = 0.009 < α = 0.05), although it did not significantly influence their actions to apply this knowledge (p = 0.201 > α = 0.05). This study provides an initial perspective on the potential of STEM-ESD project-based learning to enhance students' awareness and practical engagement in sustainable waste management practices.

Animal owners often overlook helminthiasis because it does not cause specific clinical symptoms in mild infections. This study aimed to analyze the medical records of helminthiasis in cats and determine the knowledge of animal owners about helminthiasis through questionnaires at Mayda Animal Care and iVet Clinic Dramaga, Bogor. A cross-sectional study was used to analyze medical record data and then compared using descriptive methods with a secondary data approach. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-square test. The findings of helminthiasis cases in cats at Mayda Animal Care during January–December 2022 amounted to 102 cases, while at iVet Clinic Dramaga, there were 50 cases. Based on the Chi-square test, this study reported a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between age and the level of action and education with the level of understanding of animal owners on helminthiasis at Mayda Animal Care and iVet Clinic Dramaga, Bogor.

This ponder points to decide the impact of work inspiration and work environment on the work fulfillment of instructors at SMAN 19 Surabaya. This think about employments a quantitative approach with essential information collected through survey procedures with a Likert scale on a test of 58 respondents. In expansion to the essential information, auxiliary information were too gotten, to be specific information given by the company. The information gotten was at that point analyzed utilizing Halfway Slightest Square (PLS) and the comes about appeared that by and large work fulfillment is impacted by work inspiration and work environment factors and the rest by other factors exterior the investigate show. The comes about appeared that work inspiration contains a positive and critical effect on work fulfillment, and the work environment incorporates a positive and noteworthy impact on the work fulfillment of instructors at SMAN 19 Surabaya. Keywords: Work Motivation; Work Environment; Job Satisfaction

An emphasis on the elements of prosody was crucial for achieving full proficiency in a spoken language. The research focused on prosody, which included components such as stress, intonation, pauses, and mora. This study aimed to evaluate the proficiency of Arabic teachers at Government Aided Religious Schools (SABK) in Selangor, Malaysia, regarding their understanding and instructional abilities in prosody, particularly in speaking skills. The study sample consisted of 152 Arabic teachers working at SABK in Selangor, Malaysia. The questionnaire was evaluated by four reviewers, and the results indicated a high level of reliability, as evidenced by Cronbach Alpha values of 0.91 for prosody teaching strategies and 0.90 for prosody knowledge. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were performed on the acquired data. The research data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20. The results of the data analysis showed that both the prosody knowledge (mean: 3.76, S.D.: 0.465) and the prosody teaching strategies (mean: 3.69, S.D.: 0.484) were at a relatively high level. According to Pearson's correlation analysis, there was a significant positive correlation (r=0.530) between the prosody teaching strategy and the prosody knowledge. Simultaneously, knowledge of prosody played an important role in applying prosody strategies effectively, contributing about 28.1 percent (r₂=0.281). Proficiency in Arabic prosody aided teachers in creating effective ways for two-way interaction inside the classroom. Students greatly benefited from this situation in terms of improving their communication skills, as it made class communication more effective. The Arabic language curriculum needed to provide teachers with training in prosody teaching strategies to enhance two-way communication in the classroom.

This study examined the impact of a gratitude (shukr) group intervention on the well-being of college students. We hypothesised that participation in the intervention would increase feelings of well-being. A single-group quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures was employed. A convenience sample of 95 s-year college students consented to participate—the intervention, conducted over four weeks between November and December 2023, involved weekly gratitude group sessions. The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) was used to assess well-being before and after the intervention. Descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were conducted to analyse the data. Qualitative data from participants' reflection reports were also thematically analysed for supportive evidence. Results indicated that post-test well-being scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores (p

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a lifetime developmental disorder usually identified by social interaction impairment, communication deficits, and repetitive behavior. The cases of children detected with ASD are rising globally, including Malaysia. Parents, as the prime caregiver to these children, face numerous challenges due to what is entailed in taking care of their children. This paper describes a case study where we examined the views and experience of three mothers, each of whom has an ASD child. Data were gathered through face-to-face semi-structured interviews, after which they were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The mothers narrated that the challenges they encountered include the difficulty they had in initially accepting their child's diagnosis; labelling and discrimination; phase-based temporal challenges; endless physical, emotional, and mental sacrifices; finding the strength and patience to deal with the situation; academic vs. non-academic struggles, as well as their own coping mechanisms. This paper concludes with the need to provide support for parents-especially mothers-to enable them to overcome their challenges and focus on the development of their autistic children.

Lean is a process improvement approach to improve organization's efficiency by identifying and eliminate non-value-added activities, while Six Sigma is a methodology focused on reduction of process variation. The integration of both, namely Lean Six Sigma (LSS) drives organization on waste elimination, variation reduction and value creation, which ultimately enhancing organizational performance. LSS has been viewed by prior scholars as one of effective approach for business improvement regardless of manufacturing or services industry. However, the research of LSS in education sector, particularly for business school is relatively lacking. Hence, this research aimed to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) for LSS within a business school in Malaysia. The research also aimed to explore the relationship between the LSS, CSFs, and organization performance. There were six CSFs identified from literature review, while organization performance is assessed via the concept of system theory. The research was quantitative based with the lecturers in the business school as the targeted population. Questionnaire was distributed based on stratified sampling plan with 69 responded. Descriptive and Pearson correlation analysis result revealed that lecturers within the business school perceived that all the six LSS CSFs as "very important", and strongly correlated with organization performance, except CSF "project selection and prioritization". As implication, finding from this research suggested that the adaption of LSS between manufacturing and education sectors shared the commonality in term of CSF. However, the business school should look into project proposal from the lecturers' perspective as an alternate source of process improvement opportunity.

Background: A centrally limited radiological pattern, marked by mucosal thickening in the central sinonasal cavity with relatively unaffected surrounding sinuses, has been linked to allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, a comparison between allergic and non-atopic CRS patients is lacking. The role of anatomical variations in the ostiomeatal complex also remains unclear. Methods: Adult CRS patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema, and positive allergy tests were recruited. CRS patients without atopic disease and negative allergy tests were controls. CT scans were evaluated for the centrally limited radiologic pattern. Anatomical variations in the ostiomeatal complex were also examined. Results: The study included 15 allergic CRS and 17 non-atopic CRS participants. Allergic CRS patients showed a higher prevalence of centrally limited sinus disease compared to non-atopic CRS patients (50% vs. 14.7%, p < 0.01). No anatomical variations were conclusively linked to allergy status or the centrally limited sinus disease. Conclusion: Centrally limited sinus disease on radiology is associated with underlying allergy in CRS but should not be the primary diagnostic tool. Anatomical variants did not clearly relate to allergy status or the radiologic pattern but this requires further studies.

The rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have significantly increased global wastewater generation, particularly in industrial parks. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) near these parks are crucial for promoting sustainable practices. Instead of discharging treated wastewater, reclaiming and reusing it can minimise the water footprint. However, there has been insufficient evaluation of wastewater reclamation potential within existing STPs. This study integrates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with spatial analysis to assess the suitability of STPs for wastewater reclamation and reuse in Peninsular Malaysia's industrial parks. Factors considered include STP design capacity, wastewater quality, proximity to industries, non-domestic water tariffs and geographical features. AHP analysis assigned weights to these factors, achieving a consistency ratio of less than 0.10. The resulting suitability map categorises STPs into five levels, showing that 64 % of the land area and 40.5 % or 2922 of STPs have very low reclamation potential due to inadequate wastewater management infrastructure. In contrast, only 0.1 % of the land and 0.2 % or 17 of STPs out of approximately 7208 STPs exhibit high reclamation potential. A holistic approach is essential to evaluate multiple factors, enabling operators to identify suitable STPs for reclamation and ensuring regional water security.

The purpose of the study was to examine level of digital citizenship skills among undergraduate students at the Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Malaysia. The study focused on three sub-variables of digital citizenship skills; online wellbeing, online learning and online safety. The paper present report from a questionnaire conducted on 1000 students from nine different faculties. Items for each variable were constructed based on literature highlights related to digital citizenship framework and through experts' validation. A descriptive statistic was used in determined the level of digital citizenship skills among the undergraduate students. The findings of the study showed that the level of digital citizenship skills of students is at a high level. This study expected to help stakeholders to further emphasize the study of digital citizenship and digital citizenship education in Malaysia in more detail.

This research aims to explore and understand the potential relationship between self-efficacy and students' self-directed learning at the Elementary School level. The research design employed is quantitative associative research with a correlational design. A total of 80 students from three elementary schools were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling without specific divisions. Unlike previous studies that tend to discuss self-efficacy and independent learning in general terms, this study offers a specific approach focusing on the subject of Social Studies (IPS). Social Studies was chosen due to its significant role in developing students' understanding of history, geography, and the social and cultural dynamics that shape their identity. The results of the analysis using T-tests and correlation tests indicate a significant correlation, providing evidence of a tangible relationship between the levels of self-efficacy and self-directed learning among students in the subject of Social Sciences (IPS). The implications of this research go beyond understanding this relationship, offering potential contributions to educational practices. The findings can serve as a reference for educators and educational practitioners to better understand how to enhance students' self-efficacy and self-directed learning. Furthermore, this research provides a foundation for taking further actions to address issues related to self-efficacy and self-directed learning in the elementary education environment. Therefore, it is hoped that this research will provide substantial benefits for educational development, especially in enhancing the effectiveness of student learning at the Elementary School level in the subject of Social Sciences (IPS).

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent disease. We aimed to assess the symptoms that physicians who see patients with AR perceive as the most bothersome in their patients. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study based on an online questionnaire sent to all members of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative. The survey included questions on the physicians' perceptions of patients’ AR symptoms as well as of their own AR symptoms. Results: Among 401 respondents, 155 (38.7%) reported having AR. ARIA members reported nasal symptoms to be the most frequent (89.7%) and bothersome (80.0%) symptoms experienced by themselves. Likewise, nasal symptoms were reported by ARIA members as the most frequent (94.8% in members with AR vs 96.0% in members without AR) and bothersome (57.0% in members with AR vs 67.9% in members without AR) in their patients. We found a significant association (p = 0.001) between physicians’ own symptoms and those perceived as the most bothersome in their patients. Conclusion: Physicians perceive nasal symptoms to be the most frequent and the most bothersome symptoms in AR patients. The physicians' personal experiences with AR may influence their perception of patients’ symptoms.

Researchers have explored various materials and methods to improve the strength and stabilization of peat soil for construction. Deep peat soil's significant compressibility, low bearing capacity, and high creep potential present major challenges in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, the unconfined compression strength (UCS) and oedometer testing were conducted to determine peat strength and compressibility behavior after being stabilized with a bio-cement called vege-grout, derived from fermented vegetable waste. Soil stabilized with 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % vege grout was cured for up to 8 weeks before undergoing UCS testing. The finding showed that, in between 4 and 6 weeks of the curing period, the UCS of the peat stabilized with vege-grout exhibiting substantial mechanical strength at all vege-grout inclusion levels. The results showed optimum strength improvements, with a 449 % increase in UCS at 15 % vege-grout after 8 weeks. At the optimal percentage, vege grout's cementitious properties bind peat particles, densify the matrix, and enhance soil strength and load-bearing capacity. The coefficient of consolidation (Cv) also improved, reducing settlement from 23.34 ± 7.8 m2/year to 7.13 ± 3.5 m2 per year over increasing effective stress. The significant improvement in strength and compressibility of peat after treatment with 15 % vege grout demonstrates the effectiveness of vege grout as a peat stabilizer and highlights its potential as an alternative to chemical stabilizers for foundation applications.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, posing a major threat to morbidity and mortality rates. The molecular mechanisms that drive CRC, particularly the DNA methylation patterns in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes, have attracted considerable attention because of their potential roles in CRC drug resistance, initiation, and progression. This study aimed to investigate the methylation patterns of ABC genes in CRC using a high-throughput microarray technology. Microarray methylation data from CRC and adjacent normal tissues were subjected to preprocessing, differential methylation analysis, and correlation analysis using the MethSurv tool for a detailed study of methylation patterns. The study revealed global hypomethylation of 43 ABC transporters and two pseudogenes in CRC compared to normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified 369 CpG sites as potential biomarkers for CRC diagnosis, with area under the curve values ranging from acceptable to outstanding. Survival analysis demonstrated the correlation between DNA methylation of individual CpG sites and patient survival probability in colon and rectal adenocarcinoma datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study provides insights into the epigenetic landscape of ABC genes in CRC, highlighting their potential roles in drug resistance, disease initiation, and progression. The findings offer opportunities for developing innovative therapeutic approaches and improving patient outcomes in the fight against CRC. Further research is needed to validate these results and investigate the functional implications of ABC gene methylation in CRC pathogenesis and treatment response.

This study aimed to ascertain the effect of firm size and auditor rotation on the audit quality of technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022. This research employed a sample of 10 organizations observed across five periods, meeting the requirements for sample selection. This yields 50 data points. The study utilized purposive sampling, and logistic regression analysis the analytical instrument to examine the hypothesis. This study's findings indicated that the firm's size and the auditors' rotation did not affect the quality of auditors. This implies that the competence of an auditor was not determined by external variables, such as the firm's size or the rotation of auditors.