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Asim Roy,1 Diane Ito,2 Susan Morris,3 Shawn Candler,4 Judi Profant,3 Charles Bae5 1Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute, Dublin, OH, USA; 2Stratevi LLC, Santa Monica, CA, USA; 3Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, USA; 4Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 5Penn Sleep Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USACorrespondence: Asim Roy, Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute, 4975 Bradenton Avenue, Dublin, OH, 43017, USA, Tel +1 614-766-0773, Fax +1 614-766-2599, Email aroy@sleepmedicine.comPurpose: Real-world data regarding divided nightly dosing of oxybate and individualized prescribing in patients with narcolepsy are limited. Study objectives were to understand oxybate prescribing practices, including optimizing dose regimens and adjusting dosing per occasional changes in patients’ routines, and physician recommendations for representative patient scenarios.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional, web- and audio-based survey of physicians treating ≥ 2 patients with narcolepsy, prescribed nightly oxybate (sodium oxybate) dosing for ≥ 6 months, was conducted. Physicians were surveyed on patients’ usual oxybate dosing regimens, frequency of and reasons for oxybate dosing-related discussions, and preferred methods for and perceptions of adjusting oxybate dosing. Physicians provided dosing-related guidance for 4 representative scenarios.Results: Participating physicians (N=25) were neurologists (52%), psychiatrists (44%), and neuropsychiatrists (4%). Individualized oxybate prescribing practices were reflected by the variability of physicians’ reporting of the percentage of their patients being prescribed once-nightly, twice-nightly, and thrice-nightly dosing regimens. Most physicians (68%) reported discussing adjusting individualized treatment to accommodate occasional changes to patients’ routines; the most common reasons were consuming contraindicated beverages (alcohol; 65%) and travel (59%). Adjusting total nightly dose (68%) and dose timing (68%) were preferred adjustment methods. Most physicians (88%) felt the ability to individualize oxybate dosing was important and had a positive impact on ability to provide care. For each representative scenario, physicians provided several dose-adjustment recommendations, and physician responses encouraged patient participation in treatment decision-making.Conclusion: Physicians provided guidance supportive of oxybate dose adjustments to accommodate occasional changes in patients’ routines, and perceived individualized dosing as important in providing care.Plain Language Summary: Why was the research needed?Narcolepsy is an uncommon condition that causes individuals to feel sleepy throughout the day. Other symptoms may include sudden muscle weakness. There is no cure for narcolepsy, but there are several treatments, including medicines known as oxybates. This study focused on how doctors use oxybate to treat patients with narcolepsy.How was the research done?This study was an online survey of doctors who were treating 2 or more patients with narcolepsy. Patients had been taking oxybate for at least 6 months. The survey asked doctors about their patients’ normal oxybate usage, how often and why they discussed oxybate treatment, and which ways oxybate treatment was usually adjusted.What are the results?Twenty-five doctors took part in this study. Most doctors said they discuss personalized treatment to help with occasional changes in their patients’ daily lives. The most common reasons for making treatment changes were consuming alcohol and travel. The most common changes were total nightly amount and timing of oxybate. Most doctors said the ability to personalize oxybate treatment is important and has a positive impact.What does the research mean?This study provides valuable knowledge on real-world oxybate treatment patterns and the conditions when doctors make clinical decisions about treating patients with narcolepsy.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: sodium oxybate, low-sodium oxybate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium oxybates, prescribing patterns, personalized dosing

Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBITs) serve as efficient tools for producing and studying highly charged ions. In response to the diagnostic requirements of upcoming magnetic confinement fusion devices, a medium-energy atomic spectra research platform based on a compact EBIT is developed. This platform achieves a central magnetic field of up to 1.0 T, with electron beam currents reaching 20 mA and electron energies up to 30 keV, similar to the electron temperature on fusion reactors. The developed atomic spectra platform successfully provided spectral data for elements such as argon, xenon, iron, and tungsten. This platform stands as a valuable asset for advancing research in nuclear fusion, particularly concerning impurity spectroscopic diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma toroidal rotation acceleration in the co-current direction introduced by the n = 1 (toroidal mode number) static resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) has been observed in the EAST tokamak. It strongly depends on the RMP coil configuration, which is manifested by its dependence on δ ϕ U L (phase difference between upper and lower coils) and RMP current. Modeling results from NTVTOK based on the linear plasma response modeled by MARS-F shows that the Neoclassical Toroidal Viscosity (NTV) torque is in the co-current direction because of the dominant contribution from electrons with the condition that the electron normalized collisionality is much lower than that of ions in this experiment. The modeled dependence of core integrated NTV torque modulated by the magnitude of core magnetic perturbation on δ ϕ U L is consistent with the experimental observations. Threshold condition related to normalized collisionality to achieve the transition from rotation braking to acceleration is obtained in the NTV modeling and agrees well with experimental observations. It is shown in the modeling that the discharges with rotation acceleration are located at the regime that electron contribution to NTV is dominant and the torque is in co-current direction, while others with rotation braking are located at the regime that ion contribution to NTV torque is dominant and the torque is in countercurrent direction. Though the modeling results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental results, there is quantity difference between the modeled NTV torque based on linear plasma response and the experimental values. Possible reason is that the 3D fields are underestimated by linear modeling, particularly in the case of RMP field penetration, as demonstrated by the RMP current threshold for the rotation acceleration observed in the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various effects of temperature on the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, thermodynamic and upper critical field of the [Nb.sub.3]Sn strands are being discussed. The results show that the surface barrier is responsible for the asymmetry shown in the magnetic relaxation rate for flux entry and exit.

Invasive meningococcal disease has high morbidity and mortality, with infants and young children among those at greatest risk. This phase III, open-label, randomised study in toddlers aged 12-23 months evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT), a tetanus toxoid conjugated vaccine against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W and Y, when coadministered with paediatric vaccines (measles, mumps and rubella [MMR]; varicella [V]; 6-in-1 combination vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b [DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib] and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV13])(NCT03205371). Immunogenicity to each meningococcal serogroup was assessed by serum bactericidal antibody assay using human complement (hSBA). Vaccine safety profiles were described up to 30 days post-vaccination. A total of 1183 participants were enrolled. The proportion with seroprotection (hSBA ≥1:8) to each meningococcal serogroup at Day 30 was comparable between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + MMR + V groups (≥92 and ≥96%, respectively), between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib groups (≥90% for both) and between the MenACYW-TT and MenACYW-TT + PCV13 groups (≥91 and ≥84%, respectively). The safety profiles of MenACYW-TT, and MMR + V, DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib, and PCV13, with or without MenACYW-TT, were generally comparable. Coadministration of MenACYW-TT with paediatric vaccines in toddlers had no clinically relevant effect on the immunogenicity and safety of any of the vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of implant prostheses retained by screws and cement (SCPs) by examining the reverse torque values (RTVs) of the abutment screws and the marginal openings of the implant prostheses. Materials and Methods: Two implants (3.8 3 13 mm; Camlog Biotechnologies) were embedded in an acrylic resin block 5 mm apart. Eighteen copies of this resin specimen were fabricated and randomly divided into two groups. Two-unit implant prostheses with two different designsDLpurely cement-retained implant prostheses (group 1) and SCPs (group 2)DLwere made out of type IV gold alloy and placed on the implants. After tightening to about 30 Ncm, the preloading RTVs of the abutment screws were measured. After retightening the abutment screws or cementing the prostheses, followed by cyclic loading, the postloading RTVs of the abutment screws were examined. Also, the marginal openings of the prostheses in the two groups were measured under a stereomicroscope. These measurements were compared statistically. Results: The postloading RTVs and their differences from the preloading RTVs of the abutment screws demonstrated no significant differences between groups (P > .05). Group 2 prostheses showed significantly smaller marginal openings than group 1 prostheses (P < .05). Conclusion: The forces generated when torquing the abutment screw of the SCP did not cause more loosening of the abutment screws than the purely cement-retained implant prosthesis. The SCP showed better marginal adaptation of the cement-retained part than the purely cement-retained implant prosthesis, possibly as a result of the screw-retained abutment seating the restoration. Within the limitations of this in vitro test, the SCP showed no significant difference in RTV of the abutment screw and a smaller marginal gap compared to a purely cement-retained implant prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the antimicrobial activities of an active compound isolated from the culture broth of Amphirosellinia nigrospora JS‐1675 against various plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods and Results: While screening for bioactive secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi, we found that A. nigrospora JS‐1675 showed strong in vitro antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum. One compound (1) was isolated and identified as (4S, 5S, 6S)‐5,6‐epoxy‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one. Growth of most of the tested phytopathogenic bacteria was inhibited by compound 1 and the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) layer except Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. Compound 1 also inhibited the mycelial growth of several plant pathogenic fungi. Both compound 1 and the EtOAc layer reduced bacterial leaf spot disease in detached peach leaves. They also suppressed the development of bacterial wilt on tomato seedlings quite effectively. Conclusions: Amphirosellinia nigrospora JS‐1675 showed antimicrobial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi by producing compound 1. Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first report on the occurrence of compound 1 in A. nigrospora JS‐1675 and its efficacy against plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Their strong disease control efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt suggests that this fungus can be used as a microbial bactericide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were heat-treated at various temperatures in order to minimize particle aggregation, and the mechanical properties in the humid environment was compared and analyzed to prevent the pore formation and achieve an optimal bonding with epoxy resin. As a result, the glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP), with 0.5 wt.% heat-treated HNT at 700 ∘ C, showed the highest moisture absorption resistance, tensile strength and interlaminar shear strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was evaluated by changing the mass loss ratio and the strength maintenance ratios of the fibers after treatment. The fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solutions for different amount of times. The environmental resistance was analyzed by changing the time of treatment in NaOH and HCl solutions. The fibers’ surface corrosion morphologies were analyzed using the optical microscope. The acid resistance was much better than the alkali resistance for the basalt and slag fibers. Nevertheless, the situation for the glass fibers was different: the acid resistance was almost the same as the alkali resistance. Between the two types of aqueous environments evaluated, the alkali solution is the most aggressive to the fibers’ surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]