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2. Five-year follow-up of children with perinatal HIV-1 infection receiving early highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author

Author:, Chiappini, Galli, E, Tovo, L, Gabiano, Pa, Lisi, C, Bernardi, C, Vigano, S, Guarino, A, Giaquinto, A, Esposito, C, Badolato, S, R, Bari, Di, Rosso, C, Genovese, R, Masi, O, Mazza, M, A, Martino, De, Italian Register for HIV Infection Other Partecipants: Osimani, M., Cordiali, P, Mattia, De, Manzinonna, D, M, Ruggeri, C, Masi, M, Miniaci, M, Specchia, A, Ciccia, F, Lanari, M, Baldi, M, Battisti, F, Bertulli, L, Dessì, C, Pintor, C, Dedoni, C, Fenu, M, Cavallini, Ml, Anastasio, R, Magnolia, E, Sticca, Mg, Pomero, M, Bezzi, G, Fiumana, T, Bonsignori, E, F, Gaudio, De, Gervaso, M, Cecchi, P, Viscoli, Mt, Cosso, C, Timitilli, D, Stronati, A, Plebani, M, Semino, A, Tei, M, Giacomet, F, Pivetti, V, Salvini, V, Zuccotti, F, Giovannini, Gv, Ferraris, M, Liprieri, G, Moretti, R, Cellini, C, Cano, M, Paolucci, Mc, Bruzzese, P, Giannattasio, E, Tarallo, A, Tancredi, L, Pennazzato, F, Rampon, M, O, Dalle, Nogare, Sanfilippo, Er, Romano, A, Saitta, M, Dodi, I, Bandello, M, Maccabruni, A, Felici, L, Consolini, Rita, Chiappini E., Galli L., Tovo PA., Gabiano C., Lisi C., Bernardi S., Viganò A., Guarino A., Giaquinto C., Esposito S., Badolato R., Di Bari C., Rosso R., Genovese O., Masi M., Mazza A., de Martino M., Specchia F., Molesini M., Chiappini, E., Galli, L., Tovo, P. -A., Gabiano, C., Lisi, C., Bernardi, S., Vigano, A., Guarino, A., Giaquinto, C., Esposito, S., Badolato, R., Di Bari, C., Rosso, R., Genovese, O., Masi, M., Mazza, A., and De Martino, M.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Follow-Up Studie, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Pharmacotherapy, Medical microbiology, Interquartile range, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, medicine, Humans, HIV Infection, lcsh:RC109-216, Child, Pregnancy, business.industry, Anti-HIV Agent, Infant, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, hiv children, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Child, Preschool, Tropical medicine, Immunology, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, business, Viral load, Research Article, Follow-Up Studies, Human
Abstract

Background Early highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), started within the first months of age, has been proven to be the optimal strategy to prevent immunological and clinical deterioration in perinatally HIV-infected children. Nevertheless, data about long-term follow-up of early treated children are lacking. Methods We report data from 40 perinatally HIV-infected-children receiving early HAART, with a median follow-up period of 5.96 years (interquartile range [IQR]:4.21–7.62). Children were enrolled at birth in the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children. Comparison with 91 infected children born in the same period, followed-up from birth, and receiving deferred treatment was also provided. Results Nineteen children (47.5%) were still receiving their first HAART regimen at last follow-up. In the remaining children the first regimen was discontinued, after a median period of 3.77 years (IQR: 1.71–5.71) because of viral failure (8 cases), liver toxicity (1 case), structured therapy interruption (3 cases), or simplification/switch to a PI-sparing regimen (9 cases). Thirty-nine (97.5%) children showed CD4+ T-lymphocyte values>25%, and undetectable viral load was reached in 31 (77.5%) children at last visit. Early treated children displayed significantly lower viral load than not-early treated children, until 6 years of age, and higher median CD4+ T-lymphocyte percentages until 4 years of age. Twenty-seven (29.7%) not-early treated vs. 0/40 early treated children were in clinical category C at last follow-up (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that clinical, virologic and immunological advantages from early-HAART are long-lasting. Recommendations indicating the long-term management of early treated children are needed.

Published
2009

3. LOW PREVALENCE OF SELECTIVE IgA DEFICIENCY IN INFECTED CHILDREN BORN TO HIV-SEROPOSITIVE MOTHERS: AN IN VIVO MODEL FOR SPECULATION ON SELECTIVE IgA DEFICIENCY PATHOGENESIS

Author

Author:, Chiappini, Galli, E, Tovo, L, Gabiano, Pa, Lisi, C, Ferraris, C, Vigano, G, Giaquinto, A, Bernardi, C, Badolato, S, Genovese, R, Salvini, O, Maccabruni, F, Anzidei, A, Rosso, G, Buffolano, R, Cellini, W, Casadei, M, Faldella, Am, Ruggeri, G, Osimani, M, Manzionna, P, Dodi, Mm, Gotta, I, Esposito, C, Gariel, S, D, Martino, De, M, Group Author: Italian Register HIV Infect Children:Osimani, Cordialir, P, Mattia, De, Manzionna, D, Bari, Di, Ruggeri, C, Masi, M, Miniaci, M, Specchia, A, Ciccia, F, Lanari, M, Baldi, M, Sinelli, F, Bennato, M, Dedoni, B, Fenu, M, Cavallini, R, Anastasio, E, Zicchinelli, D, Sticca, M, Pomero, G, Contiero, R, Fiumana, E, Bonsignori, F, Gervaso, P, Innocenti, L, Cecchoi, Mt, Viscoli, C, Ginocchio, F, Nicolini, La, Ciravegna, Bw, Cosso, D, Timitilli, A, Stronati, M, Plebani, A, Bonjanin, J, Porta, A, Principi, N, Giacomet, V, Bianchi, R, Zuccotti, Gv, Giovannini, M, Ferraris, G, Liprieri, R, Moretti, C, Cellini, M, Cano, Mc, Palazzi, G, Bruzzese, E, Giannattazio, A, Tarallo, L, Tancredi, F, D'Elia, R, Rampon, O, Dalle, Nogare, Sanfilippo, A, Romano, A, Saitta, M, Dodi, I, Barone, A, and Consolini, Rita

Published
2008

4. Dissected antiporter modules establish minimal proton-conduction elements of the respiratory complex I.

Author

Beghiah A, Saura P, Badolato S, Kim H, Zipf J, Auman D, Gamiz-Hernandez AP, Berg J, Kemp G, and Kaila VRI

Subjects
Protein Conformation, Proteolipids metabolism, Proton Pumps metabolism, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Escherichia coli metabolism, Escherichia coli genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Static Electricity, Models, Molecular, Protons, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I chemistry, Electron Transport Complex I genetics, Antiporters metabolism, Antiporters chemistry, Antiporters genetics
Abstract

The respiratory Complex I is a highly intricate redox-driven proton pump that powers oxidative phosphorylation across all domains of life. Yet, despite major efforts in recent decades, its long-range energy transduction principles remain highly debated. We create here minimal proton-conducting membrane modules by engineering and dissecting the key elements of the bacterial Complex I. By combining biophysical, biochemical, and computational experiments, we show that the isolated antiporter-like modules of Complex I comprise all functional elements required for conducting protons across proteoliposome membranes. We find that the rate of proton conduction is controlled by conformational changes of buried ion-pairs that modulate the reaction barriers by electric field effects. The proton conduction is also modulated by bulky residues along the proton channels that are key for establishing a tightly coupled proton pumping machinery in Complex I. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence that the individual antiporter modules are responsible for the proton transport activity of Complex I. On a general level, our findings highlight electrostatic and conformational coupling mechanisms in the modular energy-transduction machinery of Complex I with distinct similarities to other enzymes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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7. The preparticipation physical examination.

Author

Lombardo JA and Badolato SK

Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Death, Sudden prevention & control, Physical Examination, Sports
Abstract

For decades the preparticipation physical examination (PPE) has been used to screen athletes prior to sports participation to prevent injury or illness. Evolution of the PPE, it is theorized, originated from the need to identify individuals with conditions that may predispose them to injuries or life-threatening situations. However, the effectiveness, practicality, and worthiness of the examination are a matter of debate. As members of a medical team, physicians are responsible for the health and safety of the athlete. The PPE is the first step in satisfying this responsibility. This article discusses the components of the PPE and presents the evidence-based model of knowledge behind the PPE.

Published
2001
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