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In this paper, we propose a conceptual approach to assign a "mathematical meaning" to the non-local function χ (r , r ′) . Mathematical evaluation of this kernel remains difficult since it is a function depending on six Cartesian coordinates. The idea behind this approach is to look for a limit process in order to explore mathematically this non-local function. According to our approach, the bra ⟨ χ r ′ ξ | is the linear functional that corresponds to any ket | ψ ⟩ , the value ⟨ r ′ | ψ ⟩ . In condensed writing ⟨ χ r ′ ξ | ⟨ r | ψ ⟩ = ⟨ r ′ | ψ ⟩ , and this is achieved by exploiting the sifting property of the delta function that gives it the sense of a measure, i.e. measuring the value of ψ (r) at the point r ′ . It is worth noting that ⟨ χ r ′ ξ | is not an operator in the sense that when it is applied on a ket, it produces a number ψ (r = r ′) and not a ket. The quantity χ r ′ ξ (r) proceed as nascent delta function, turning into a real delta function in the limit where ξ → 0 . In this regard, χ r ′ ξ (r) acts as a limit of an integral operator kernel in a convolution integration procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coral segmentation poses unique challenges due to its irregular morphology and camouflage-like characteristics. These factors often result in low precision, large model parameters, and poor real-time performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel coral instance segmentation (CIS) network model. Initially, we designed a novel downsampling module, ADown_HWD, which operates at multiple resolution levels to extract image features, thereby preserving crucial information about coral edges and textures. Subsequently, we integrated the bi-level routing attention (BRA) mechanism into the C2f module to form the C2f_BRA module within the neck network. This module effectively removes redundant information, enhancing the ability to distinguish coral features and reducing computational redundancy. Finally, dynamic upsampling, Dysample, was introduced into the CIS to better retain the rich semantic and key feature information of corals. Validation on our self-built dataset demonstrated that the CIS network model significantly outperforms the baseline YOLOv8n model, with improvements of 6.3% and 10.5% in PB and PM and 2.3% and 2.4% in mAP50B and mAP50M, respectively. Furthermore, the reduction in model parameters by 10.1% correlates with a notable 10.7% increase in frames per second (FPS) to 178.6, thus effectively meeting real-time operational requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YOLOv8, as an efficient object detection method, can swiftly and precisely identify objects within images. However, traditional algorithms encounter difficulties when detecting small objects in remote sensing images, such as missing information, background noise, and interactions among multiple objects in complex scenes, which may affect performance. To tackle these challenges, we propose an enhanced algorithm optimized for detecting small objects in remote sensing images, named HP-YOLOv8. Firstly, we design the C2f-D-Mixer (C2f-DM) module as a replacement for the original C2f module. This module integrates both local and global information, significantly improving the ability to detect features of small objects. Secondly, we introduce a feature fusion technique based on attention mechanisms, named Bi-Level Routing Attention in Gated Feature Pyramid Network (BGFPN). This technique utilizes an efficient feature aggregation network and reparameterization technology to optimize information interaction between different scale feature maps, and through the Bi-Level Routing Attention (BRA) mechanism, it effectively captures critical feature information of small objects. Finally, we propose the Shape Mean Perpendicular Distance Intersection over Union (SMPDIoU) loss function. The method comprehensively considers the shape and size of detection boxes, enhances the model's focus on the attributes of detection boxes, and provides a more accurate bounding box regression loss calculation method. To demonstrate our approach's efficacy, we conducted comprehensive experiments across the RSOD, NWPU VHR-10, and VisDrone2019 datasets. The experimental results show that the HP-YOLOv8 achieves 95.11%, 93.05%, and 53.49% in the mAP@0.5 metric, and 72.03%, 65.37%, and 38.91% in the more stringent mAP@0.5:0.95 metric, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

American lobster inhabit the unique, brackish Bras d'Or Lake system, although densities are low compared to areas with similar habitats in the Atlantic Ocean. Nevertheless, lobsters are an important part of local First Nation (Mi'kmaq) food and culture. We used acoustic telemetry and habitat mapping, combined with local Mi'kmaw knowledge, to document the movements and habitat use of adult lobsters within a section of the Lake. Movement patterns of acoustically tagged individual lobsters were analyzed with both resource selection functions and integrated step selection functions using data obtained from a high-resolution VEMCO Positioning System within a restricted bay in the Bras d'Or Lake. The resource selection function suggested stronger selections of substrates that contained a combination of soft and hard sediments. While the integrated step selection functions found substantial individual variability in habitat selections, there was a trend for lobsters to exhibit more resident behaviour on the combined soft/hard substrates despite the fact these sediments provided little in the way of obvious shelters for the animals. Adult lobsters at this site have very little risk of predation, which presumably allows them to freely exhibit exploratory behaviours and reduce their association with substrates that provide shelters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government, characterized by the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) tools for delivering services to citizens, offers numerous synergies and advantages to governments and communities. However, there are a number of difficulties that prevent the successful implementation of e-government. This study delves into the identification and critical examination of the key variables influencing the adoption of e-government in Somalia while evaluating the barriers that need to be overcome for its successful implementation. The research focuses on data collected from the Benadir Regional Administration (BRA) in Mogadishu, Somalia, serving as a comprehensive case study. Data was obtained from a representative sample of 370 staff members, drawn from a total population of 5,000 registered staff, utilizing Slovin's formula for random sampling. Data analysis was conducted through multiple linear regressions using SPSS version 26. The findings of this study reveal the most prominent challenges and factors influencing the implementation of e-government in Somalia. There are three independent variables: technological factors, political factors, and social factors. The technological results revealed that technological factors had a substantially positive link with e-government, with a p-value (0.000) of less than 5% at the significant level, and regarding political characteristics, the result shows a positive association, with a p-value of 0.000. While social factors have implications, this variable has a modest positive relationship with e-governance, as its p-value is 0.192. It is advised that Somali governments take advantage of the benefits of e-government by addressing these difficulties collaboratively, taking into account the sensitivity of particular socioeconomic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women often use sports bras when doing physical activities, but most women have recently shown interest in using sports bras as everyday bras. Therefore, this study used pressure analysis to identify a suitable sports bra that generates less pressure at the shoulder strap for all breast sizes. Among fashion design and engineering students, an interview was conducted at Zhejiang Sci-Tech University. Based on this random survey, women found more comfort in using sports bras as everyday bras, but the shoulder strap and waistband prevented them from doing it regularly. Therefore, this study emphasized only the shoulder straps because it was the most uncomfortable feature among others. More attention needs to be made to the strap width and neckline when selecting a sports bra because when it comes to females with breast sizes 34C and 36C, encapsulation types with cross-back designs are suitable. However, we noticed that the shoulder straps should be widened based on breast size. The encapsulation type with a racer back is recommended for women with breast size 38C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For external beam radiotherapy using photons or particles, upright patient positioning on a rotating, robotic chair (a gantry-less system) could offer substantial cost savings. In this study, we considered the feasibility of upright breast radiotherapy using a robotic radiotherapy chair, for (i) a cohort of 9 patients who received conventional supine radiotherapy using photons for a diagnosis of primary breast cancer, plus (ii) 7 healthy volunteers, selected to have relatively large bra cup sizes. We studied: overall body positioning, arm positioning, beam access, breast reproducibility, and comfort. Amongst the healthy volunteer cohort, the impact of specialised radiotherapy bras upon inframammary skinfolds (ISF) was also determined, for upright treatment positions. In conclusion, upright body positioning for breast radiotherapy appears to be comfortable and feasible. Of the 9 patients who received conventional, supine radiotherapy (mean age 63.5 years, maximum age 90 years), 7 reported that they preferred upright positioning. Radiotherapy bras were effective in reducing/eliminating ISF for upright body positions, including for very large breasted volunteers. For upright proton radiotherapy to the breast, beam access should be straightforward, even for arms-down treatments, as enface field directions are typically used. For photon radiotherapy, additional research is now required to investigate beam paths and whether, for certain patients, additional immobilisation will be required to keep the contralateral breast free from exposure. Future research should also investigate arm supports custom-designed for upright radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A state-specific multireference coupled-cluster (MRCC) method based on Arponen's bivariational principle is presented, the bivar-MRCC method. The method is based on single-reference theory and therefore has a relatively straightforward formulation and modest computational complexity. The main difference from established methods is the bivariational formulation, in which independent parameterizations of the wave function (ket) and its complex conjugate (bra) are made. Importantly, this allows manifest multiplicative separability of the state (exact in the extended bivar-MRECC version of the method and approximate otherwise), and additive separability of the energy, while preserving polynomial scaling of the working equations. A feature of the bivariational principle is that the formal bra and ket references can be included as bivariational parameters, which eliminates much of the bias toward the formal reference. A pilot implementation is described, and extensive benchmark calculations on several standard problems are performed. The results from the bivar-MRCC method are comparable to established state-specific multireference methods. Considering the relative affordability of the bivar-MRCC method, it may become a practical tool for non-experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Komfa is a Guyanese practice involving elaborate rituals dedicated to "the Seven Nations" of ancestor-spirits who re/present colonial British demography. Komfa's Spanish nation is most frequently understood as presenting queer subjecthood through overtly sexualized and (trans)gendered performances. To Guyanese, "Spanish" generally refers to Venezuelans. Pre- and post-emancipation histories of mobility within the borderlands of Guyana and Venezuela illuminate how Komfa practitioners embrace ambiguities of "noncompliant" genders and sexualities. Devotees who embody Spanish spirits tend to be transgender, identify as gay or antiman , and/or share intimate relations with partners of the same sex. Many also engage in sex labor. Such orientations, identifications, and occupations performed during trance possession and "secular" contexts of daily life may be re-valued through Komfa, providing non-conforming Guyanese with a refuge from societal discriminations through which they transform conceptions of selfhood by embracing the agencies and lived experiences of "non-Guyanese" within a symbolic economy of erotic alterity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between affect space and bra design factors based on the observer's vision judgment. Design/methodology/approach: First, using two dimensions of attractiveness and satisfaction to define the bra emotion space based on literature. Then, the mapping relation between bra design factors and emotional space is analyzed in visual perception. Finally, the model of bra emotion recognition based on design factors is established using the neural network BRP. Findings: Users' emotions stimulated by bras can be automatically recognized based on their visual design factors. (1) attractiveness and satisfaction which are used to define bra emotions space show a linear correlation between each other in the human visual domain. (2) The design factors that cause attractiveness can also cause satisfaction. However, the factors that stimulate satisfaction do not necessarily attract users' interest, such as the ratio, location of embellishments, hollowed, core decoration and contour lines. Practical implications: The analysis of bra emotion space may help designers to understand the relationship between bra visual appearance and emotion, and ask them to pay attention to empathic design factors. With the provided results, designers can also carry out and evaluate emotional bra design with high attractiveness and satisfaction. Originality/value: This paper discusses the emotional attributes of bra visual design factors based on bra emotion space and explores the methods of bra emotion design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to establish a system for measuring breast underling pressure, evaluate the degree of sustained underling pressure, and verify basic data on the breast lifting distance to improve it. We measured the lifting distance and force at which 24 adult women felt comfortable when their breasts were lifted with an uncovered cloth. The results revealed that the larger the breast size, the greater the pull-up distance and the wider the lifting distance perceived as comfortable. The validity of the measurement method in this study was determined to be useful for the measurement of breast ptosis pressure and breast ptosis position because the measurement was performed at least three times per participant, and the error was small. In the future, we would like to clarify the type of brassiere that supports the breast and gives women a sense of comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present material analyzes the Roman Glass discoveries from the relatively unknown Roman camp from Rupea-Ungra, Brașov County. During the 2022 archaeological campaign conducted by members of the Institute of Archaeology in Iași, some 42 glass fragments were uncovered, mostly in the area of the second-phase stone wall. Among the most interesting finds, we can mention a fragment of a Hofheim Cup, fragments of prismatic bottles, colorless moldblown beakers and numerous fragments of window-panes. All these finds are common for the military environment during the 2nd-3rd centuries AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassiere straps are commonly perceived as one of the most irritating and uncomfortable components of a brassiere, especially for women with heavier breasts. This study aimed to design and developed auxetic structures to enhance the ergonomics of intimate apparel. The brassiere straps were developed by using textured polyester and nylon yarns with auxetic weave structures in two different widths. Tests were conducted to evaluate Poisson's ratio, tensile strength, and pressure distribution properties and overall ergonomics of developed straps. Subjective analysis was also performed by conducting wear trials. The development of polyester straps yielded excellent results compared to nylon. In the subjective analysis, the selected polyester sample consistently performed better than others, significantly enhancing ergonomics comfort, fit, and psychological comfort according to respondents' preferences. Based on the results, Auxetic structure can be a better alternative for brassiere straps in active wear to avoid related health problems and to improve women's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image super-resolution is a visual task that reconstructs low-resolution images into high-resolution ones. Currently, many researchers favor applying Transformer-based methods to image super-resolution tasks, which have yielded promising results. However, due to the need to capture long-range dependencies across the entire image, existing research on Vision Transformers (ViT) for super-resolution reconstruction incurs high computational costs, thereby increasing system overhead. Additionally, some researchers have proposed methods based on manually sparse attention mechanisms. However, these approaches, which acquire receptive fields in a manner similar to traditional convolutions, do not fully exploit the advantages of Transformers in extracting global information, resulting in suboptimal reconstruction performance. To leverage the Transformer's ability to capture long-range dependencies, this paper introduces a novel network called RASHAT. In RASHAT, we propose an Adaptive Sparse Hybrid Attention Block (ASHAB). This module introduces a Bi-level Routing Attention(BRA), incorporating both Channel Attention(CA) and Switch Window Multi-head Self-attention((S)W-MSA). These components are designed to capture long-range dependencies, global context, and local dependencies within the image. Additionally, the model employs an Overlapping Cross-Attention Block(OCAB) to enhance information interaction between neighboring pixels. During model training, we introduce a novel composite loss function that combines frequency domain loss with pixel loss, further improving model performance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that benefiting from the sparse attention provided by the Bi-Level Routing Attention (BRA), RASHAT achieves similar performance to the current state-of-the-art results (20.8M) with significantly fewer parameters (11.6M). These results hold across multiple commonly used datasets. • Designed an image super-resolution network based on hybrid attention. • Implement adaptive sparse attention with BRA to capture long-distance dependencies. • Using ASHAB to simultaneously capture global, local, and long-range dependencies. • propose and use a hybrid loss function to obtain frequency domain supervision. • Our method achieves similar performance to SOTA with fewer parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asian women have smaller breast sizes and greater breast density, which suggests specific research on their breast kinematics and biomechanics. To investigate vertical breast displacement of Asian women among exercise modalities (rope skipping, walking, jogging, running) in different support conditions (wearing everyday bra or sports bra), and assess the motion between different parts of the breast, seven participants were selected to participate in this study. Five infrared markers were placed on each of their left breasts, and a three-dimensional motion capture system (NDI Optotrak Investigator) was used to collect the data on vertical breast displacement during walking (5 km/h), jogging (7.5 km/h), running (10 km/h) and rope skipping (2 Hz). No significant difference was found in the vertical displacement of different parts of the breast in the two bra conditions. Also, there was significant difference in vertical breast displacement among rope skipping, jogging and running. Breast size did not significantly affect its vertical displacement. The smaller, denser breast appears to reach a threshold of vertical displacement that is similar at high severities of dynamic exercises (jogging, running and rope skipping). The results might be useful for designing special sports bras for Asian women with small breasts or rope skipping participants to improve the shock absorption function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cases of sexual assault, the interpretation of biological traces on clothing, and particularly undergarments, may be complex. This is especially so when the complainant and defendant interact socially, for instance as (ex-)partners or by co-habitation. Here we present the results from a study where latent male DNA on female worn undergarments is recovered in four groups with different levels of male-female social interaction. The results conform to prior expectation, in that less interaction tend to result in less male DNA on undergarments. We explore the use of these experimental data for evaluative reporting given activity level propositions in a mock case scenario. We show how the selection of different populations to represent the social interaction between complainant and defendant may affect the strength of the evidence. We further show how datasets of limited size can be used for robust activity level evaluative reporting. • Prevalence of male DNA on female worn brassieres and underpants was studied. • Four different living situations of female volunteers are compared. • As expected more male DNA is found in closer female-male interaction • Individual female behaviours affect prevalent male DNA more strongly than living conditions. • Small datasets on DNA TPPR can be used to support robust conclusions in activity level evaluative reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auxetic materials, known for their negative Poisson's ratio and unique form-fitting deformation, are proposed in this study for designing bra pads to accommodate different bra cup sizes. The deformation elasticity behaviour of re-entrant auxetic structures with a bow-tie shape, made of silicone elastomer, is systematically analysed for size accommodation and shape conformity, and compared with traditional polyurethane foam and spacer fabric used in bra pads. The results indicate that the auxetic structures exhibit desirable mechanical properties, including superior elasticity and stable deformation under tensile loading. Additionally, these structures facilitate 3D shape conformity to breast shapes, thereby improving overall bra fit. Amongst the 4 different unit cell dimensions studied, the auxetic elastomer with a cell size of 9.14 mm is the most promising candidate, which has superior elasticity, linear expansion, and excellent shape conformity. This auxetic elastomer enables increases in area from an A to D cup thus offering the potential to realize a one-size-fits-more concept. The findings provide the grounds for future research endeavours that aim to develop support in different areas of bras and optimize the arrangement of unit cells to enhance the functional aspects of bras. • Auxetic silicone bra pads can improve bra fit. • Auxetic structures can realize one-size-fits-more concept. • Unit cell dimension is associated with bra pad performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Socially conscious fashion entrepreneurs in the twenty-first century built many of the first visibly queer- and trans-focused fashion brands. In this paper, we critically examine nine of these brands that produced and distributed undergarments or other objects worn near or against the skin, such as binders, packers, underwear, lingerie, and bras. We draw upon oral histories with the brand directors, objects from each company, news articles, and online content. The brands emerged during significant socio-cultural and political changes and simultaneously engaged in dismantling and queering the past oppressive notions of the fashion industry. Unlike mainstream representation that often has positioned fashionable queer people as thin, cisgender, and white, these brands embraced an intersectional and social-justice lens throughout their business processes. The history of these brands demonstrates the interconnected complexity of fashioning queer and trans identities, fashion commodities, and fashion activist philosophies in the twenty-first-century capitalist marketplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship between bra's visual impression and bra parts, and then to explore the application of visual impression in bra design. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, 82 female undergraduates are asked to answered this questionnaire online, which is about the importance of parts in bra design. In the part of data analysis, the method of principal part analysis (PCA) are used to get the relationship between bra's parts, and reduce dimension of factors that influence bra design. After that, those group of features are further discussed from the perspective of visual design. Finally, design an application based on conclusion. Findings: To get the influence features of bra appearance and improve the visual design effect, this paper matches the bra parts with visual features (color, texture, shape and space) and presents four main features of bra design: "color," "visual texture," "design shape" and "spatial expression" together with corresponding bra parts and technique of expression. Moreover, user interface in bra cloud customization is designed. Practical implications: The conclusion, which shows the corresponding relationship between bra visual effect and its basic parts, has an important role in bra visual design. First, it can be useful for design idea with different technique of expression, which may supply a theoretical basis for design. Secondly, the combination of bra parts and visual features can be used to evaluate the appearance. Originality/value: Discussing the bra visual impression based on bra's basic parts and visual features provides a theoretical method for bra design and its appearance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional breast displacement studies included human subjects and maintaining result consistency is restricted by biomechanical limitations. This study proposes an objective approach that investigates the effects of various bra features on breast support during movement by conducting a wear trial with the VICON motion capture system. The vertical breast displacement in five different bra conditions is assessed and compared. Results indicate that the effectiveness of bras depends on the cup material used and design. The foam cups which are low in density and fabricated from soft polyurethane induces less overall breast displacement during movement. Bras of full-cup style also offer better breast movement control with significant vertical breast displacement reduction as compared with the half-cup style. These findings enhance current breast displacement analysis and understanding of bra features associated with changes in the biomechanics of breasts, thereby providing objective methods for bra evaluation and a design basis for breast protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the functionality of the product is determined by its structure, namely the textile structure, the constructive solution, the processing technology. The present paper concerns the aspect of the reasoned constructive functional design of the post-operative bra type products. The methods used to refer the matter included researches in the field using the specialized literature, patents, scientific articles, discussions with colleagues and specialists in related fields, as well in the medical field. The paper presents the results of the analysis of constructive statistical parameters of post-mastectomy bra type products, comparative analysis of the values of the constructive parameters of the patterns with the dimensions of the mammary gland and external breast prostheses. The actuality of the theme is determined by the lack of researches that would be the basis of the functional constructive design of the clothing products intended for women with amputations of the mammary glands. The work aims to identify the design method of bra products that allows the adaptation of the construction algorithm to the requirements and the characteristics imposed on the post-operative bra product and the development of the custom design algorithm. For the constructive parameters specific to the studied product, the statistical parameters are calculated. The results obtained are summed up by analyzing them in the form of graphs The study includes the identification of the initial data that need to be included in the design algorithm of the construction of the basic printing for main elements of the post-operative bra. The results of the study, the elaborated design algorithm will be used to elaborate the constructions necessary for further experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports bras have been reported to be a hindrance to the effective workout of females. This study elucidates the pressure distribution in eight different sport bra types of different sizes during shoulder workout activities to address this hindrance. The upper body moves in horizontal, vertical, and circular directions. An observational survey was carried out at the Zhejiang Sci-Tech University gyms, and among 300 females, the majority focused on shoulder workouts. The experiment used pressure sensors to analyze the most significant sports bra for females with a bra size of 34C, 36C, and 38C during three body movements. We conclude the in-depth width of the neckline has an impact on strap comfortability as well as the back design and structure also influence the performance of the back band. Additionally, racerback bras produce less pressure for bra size 34C. In addition, crossing back with thicker and broader straps produces less pressure for females with a bra size of 36C. For bra 38C, a racerback with thicker straps generated less pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of bra cup customization, the matching between bra cup surface and breast shape largely depends on the practical experience of designers. To achieve effective customization, this study proposes an inverse design method. This method prescribes the surface of the main test section and subsequently optimizes the corresponding shape of the bra cup, thus minimizing the supremum of pressure in the target region. The optimization framework is mainly based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm and Kriging surrogate model. The inner surface of the bra cup represents the study model, and the three-dimensional morphology of the bra cup is characterized by the free-form deformation. The result exhibits a reduction of 22.51% in the pressure of the design cup as compared to the body size cup. The developed method can contribute to the engineering and personalized customization of the bra cup, thus further improving the fitting of the bra cup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demographer and historian Hervé Le Bras argues against the concept of the Great Replacement, which claims that the French population is being replaced by migrants from the Middle East and Africa. Le Bras refutes this idea by examining various documents and statistics that have contributed to the notion of the Great Replacement. He shows that France's population is not projected to be replaced in the future and dismantles the statistical and conceptual claims of the Great Replacement. Le Bras acknowledges that the Great Replacement is a cultural phenomenon that reflects French apprehensions and antipathies about the future, but he emphasizes the need to address the real challenges facing the nation. The book highlights the dangers of the Great Replacement discourse and its impact on politics and violence. [Extracted from the article]

Although cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene and protein expression within cell populations has been widely documented, we know little about its biological functions. By studying progenitors of the posterior region of bird embryos, we found that expression levels of transcription factors Sox2 and Bra, respectively involved in neural tube (NT) and mesoderm specification, display a high degree of cell-to-cell heterogeneity. By combining forced expression and downregulation approaches with time-lapse imaging, we demonstrate that Sox2-to-Bra ratio guides progenitor's motility and their ability to stay in or exit the progenitor zone to integrate neural or mesodermal tissues. Indeed, high Bra levels confer high motility that pushes cells to join the paraxial mesoderm, while high levels of Sox2 tend to inhibit cell movement forcing cells to integrate the NT. Mathematical modeling captures the importance of cell motility regulation in this process and further suggests that randomness in Sox2/Bra cell-to-cell distribution favors cell rearrangements and tissue shape conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: With the grid's evolution, the end‐users demand becomes more vital for demand side management (DSM). Accurate load forecasting (LF) is critical for power system planning and using advanced demand response (DR) strategies. To design efficient and precise LF, information about various factors that influence end‐users demand is required. In this paper, the impact of different factors on electrical demand and capacity of climatic factors existence and their variation is discussed and analysed. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is utilized to express the degree of electric demand correlation with metrological and calendar factors. Then, the optimal‐Bayesian regularization algorithm (BRA) based on ANN for LF is presented. The effect of the number of neurons in hidden layers on output is observed to select the most appropriate option. Additionally, heating degree days (HDDs) and cooling degree days (CDDs) indices are investigated to consider the impact of air conditioners' (ACs) loads in different seasons. Case studies on data from Dallas, Texas, USA, are used to demonstrate the influence of various factors on electrical demand. The proposed algorithm's effectiveness for LF and error formulations shows that optimal‐BRA‐enabled LF presents better accuracy than state‐of‐the‐art approaches. Thus, the proposed electric demand prediction strategy could help the system operator know DR potential at different times better, leading to optimal system resources dispatching through DR actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to apply the theory of perceptual image to clothing, study the effect of bra components on the perceptual image of Chinese female consumers aged 18 to 27, explore the relationship between them, promote the computer-aided bra design to be more rapid and accurate and meet consumer's needs better. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, cognitive psychology and mathematical analysis methods were used, and two experiments were conducted. A reaction time experiment was conducted based on 3D virtual bra samples, proving that bra components have an effect on the consumer's perceptual image and obtaining a revised bra component design indicator system by multi-dimensional Scaling (MDS). A projection experiment was conducted to study what kind of relationship exists between the two, and a prediction model was constructed by the quantitative I-class theory. Findings: It is found that bra components have an effect on perceptual image of Chinese female consumers aged 18 to 27. A total of five important components (cup area, center front height, torso width, side wing width and center back shape) that affect the consumer's perceptual image were identified by MDS and references analysis, and then a bra perceptual image space composed of five pairs of words was constructed by subjective evaluation and cluster analysis. What is more, a prediction model was obtained by the quantitative I-class theory; after testing, the model can visually and effectively predict consumer's perceptual image according to bra components indicators, which provide a convenience for the positive design of bras. Research limitations/implications: In this article, the authors just studied bra components, but did not take fabric, color and other factors that also affect the perceptual image into consideration. Further research can use this method to study other important influential factors as well as their comprehensive impact. Also, the subjects are Chinese young women; consumers of other age or from other countries are not involved, and more extensive research can be done in the future. Practical implications: The bra component indicator system can help to build a more systematic and clearer bra design library, which provides convenience for designers to search and use them quickly, improving the efficiency of bra design. The prediction model is also helpful to bra designers and companies. When they already design a bra, they can use this model to predict consumer's perceptual image, thus carry out more accurate market positioning and promotion. When they want to satisfy consumers or design a specific effect, they can also refer to this model to reverse design of components. In general, the outcomes of this paper can help companies to quickly establish a computer-aided bra design system, which is conducive to designers to accurately design and better meet market's needs, and the method is also a good attempt to apply the theory of perceptual image in psychology to clothing and can be extended to other relevant fields in the future. Originality/value: Based on cognitive psychology, this paper attempts to apply the theory of perceptual image in psychology into clothing and takes bra as an example to study the relationship between bra components and consumer's perceptual image. The prediction model constructed here is conducive to the development of bra design and to meet personalized needs of consumers. This method can also be extended to other fields in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]