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Aims:This research was carried out on eight-year-old trees of the Mondial Gala (Malus domesticaBorkh) cultivars grafted on the M9 rootstock in order to determine its performance in the Mediterranean region with subtropical climatic conditions in Mersin, Turkey.Methods and Results:In the study, the experiment was conducted in the orchard of private sector at Erdemli/Mersin. Mondial Gala which eight years, planted with planting spaces of 1x3 m flowering times, yield and fruit quality parameters were investigated.Conclusions:According to the results, first flowering was observed on April 1, full flowering on April 10 and end of flowering on April 17, and fruits were harvested at the end ofJuly. The fruit weight (average 223.2 g), the yield per tree (average 22.6 kg), and yield per trunk cross-sectional area was observed as 0.56 kg/cm2at the end of the eighth year. Observed values indicated that Mondial Gala summer apple cultivars were found to be promising for early apple growing in the higher parts of subtropical ecological conditions of Turkey.Significance and Impact of the Study:Phenological and pomological features of ‘Mondial Gala’ apple cultivar were evaluated at high altitudes of Mersin with subtropical climates of Turkey., Amaç:M9 üzerine aşılı 3x1m aralıklarla dikilmiş 8 yaşlı Mondial Gala (Malus domesticaBorkh) çeşidinin Mersin (Türkiye) ilinde, subtropik iklim şartlarındaki performansının saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin/erdemli ilçesinde özel sektöre ait bahçede çalışma yürütülmüştür. 1x3 m dikim mesafesiyle dikilmiş 8 yaşındaki Mondial Gala elma çeşidininçiçeklenme zamanı, verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Genel Yorum: Mondial Gala çeşidininilk çiçeklenme 1 Nisan, tam çiçeklenme 10 Nisan ve çiçeklenme sonu 17 Nisan olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Meyveler Haziran’ın sonunda hasat edilmiştir. Ağaç başına verim 22.6 kg ve gövde kesit alanına düşen verim 0.56 kg/cm2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama meyve ağırlığı ise 223.2 g olarak saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin Akdeniz Bölgesinin yüksek kısımlarında ekonomik olarak yetiştirilebileceği göstermiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi:Türkiye’nin subtropik iklim kuşağında bulunan Mersin ilçesinde yüksek rakımda bulunan Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlemek.

Amaç:M9 üzerine aşılı 3x1m aralıklarla dikilmiş 8 yaşlı Mondial Gala (Malus domesticaBorkh) çeşidinin Mersin (Türkiye) ilinde, subtropik iklim şartlarındaki performansının saptanması amacıyla yürütülmüştür.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Mersin/erdemli ilçesinde özel sektöre ait bahçede çalışma yürütülmüştür. 1x3 m dikim mesafesiyle dikilmiş 8 yaşındaki Mondial Gala elma çeşidininçiçeklenme zamanı, verim ve meyve kalite özellikleri araştırılmıştır.Genel Yorum: Mondial Gala çeşidininilk çiçeklenme 1 Nisan, tam çiçeklenme 10 Nisan ve çiçeklenme sonu 17 Nisan olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Meyveler Haziran’ın sonunda hasat edilmiştir. Ağaç başına verim 22.6 kg ve gövde kesit alanına düşen verim 0.56 kg/cm2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Ortalama meyve ağırlığı ise 223.2 g olarak saptanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin Akdeniz Bölgesinin yüksek kısımlarında ekonomik olarak yetiştirilebileceği göstermiştir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi:Türkiye’nin subtropik iklim kuşağında bulunan Mersin ilçesinde yüksek rakımda bulunan Mondial Gala elma çeşidinin fenolojik ve pomolojik özelliklerinin belirlemek., Aims:This research was carried out on eight-year-old trees of the Mondial Gala (Malus domesticaBorkh) cultivars grafted on the M9 rootstock in order to determine its performance in the Mediterranean region with subtropical climatic conditions in Mersin, Turkey.Methods and Results:In the study, the experiment was conducted in the orchard of private sector at Erdemli/Mersin. Mondial Gala which eight years, planted with planting spaces of 1x3 m flowering times, yield and fruit quality parameters were investigated.Conclusions:According to the results, first flowering was observed on April 1, full flowering on April 10 and end of flowering on April 17, and fruits were harvested at the end ofJuly. The fruit weight (average 223.2 g), the yield per tree (average 22.6 kg), and yield per trunk cross-sectional area was observed as 0.56 kg/cm2at the end of the eighth year. Observed values indicated that Mondial Gala summer apple cultivars were found to be promising for early apple growing in the higher parts of subtropical ecological conditions of Turkey.Significance and Impact of the Study:Phenological and pomological features of ‘Mondial Gala’ apple cultivar were evaluated at high altitudes of Mersin with subtropical climates of Turkey.

This study was carried out to determine some pomological and chemical characteristics of Bilecik, Yavuz, Sebin walnut cultivars and Yerli genotype grown in Kırşehir, Turkey. Characteristics of walnut such as nut weight, kernel weight, nut width, nut height and nut diameter and some kernel features were investigated. The results revealed that the average weight of fruit ranged from 17.33 g (Yavuz) to 12.83 g (Sebin), the nut width from 37.63 mm (Yavuz) to 31.33 mm (Yerli), the nut height from 52.25 mm (Yavuz) to 41.07 mm (Yerli), and the kernel percentage from 46.07% (Bilecik) to 49.43% (Yavuz) The highest oil content was detected in Yavuz cultivar (63.20%), while the lowest value was obtained from Bilecik cultivar with 53.90%. Contrary to fat content, the highest protein content was detected in the Bilecik cultivar. When the data obtained are evaluated, it is understood that Yavuz and Şebin walnut varieties are suitable for Central Anatolia conditions.

There are several wild almond species in Turkey included Amygdalus orientalis (Mill.), Amygdalus turcomanica (Lincz.), Amygdalus fenzliana (Fritsch) Lipsky, Amygdalus trichamygdalus (Hand.-Mazz.) Woronow, Amygdalus arabica (Olivier), and Amygdalus webbii (Spach). These species offer a great value for the almond improvement; we studied the pollen viability, germination ratio and pollen yield for seven genotypes of A. orientalis, seven genotypes of A. turcomanica all growing under natural conditions in Southeastern Anatolia (Gaziantep and §anliurfa provinces, Turkey). Almond cultivars (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb) obtained from Pozanti Agricultural Experimental Station, Cukurova University, were also used in the experiment. The pollen viabilities of various almond genotypes were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) tests. At the end, pollen germination ratios were established according to Petri dishes method in vitro conditions (1% agar + 0, 10, 15 and 20% sucrose) while pollen yield was estimated with hemacytometric methods. The results indicated that pollen viability ratios were close to each other in both methods for the genotypes A. orientalis and A. turcomanica. Pollen germination ratios were found to be dependent on the sucrose content as well as on the genotypes used. The pollen of almond cultivars showed similar germination ratios in all of the sucrose concentrations while those pollens of A. orientalis and A. turcomanica genotypes displayed higher germination ratios in 10% sucrose. The number of anthers in one flower was higher in cultivars whereas the number of pollen grains was lower in other almond species. While the number of pollen grains in one flower was relatively high in A. orientalis genotypes, pollen quality was high in all the three species under research. The results suggested that these two species, namely A. orientalis and A. turcomanica could be employed for future almond breeding programs. Hay varias especies de almendros silvestres en Turquía incluidas Amygdalus orientalis (Mill.), Amygdalus turcomanica (Lincz.), Amygdalus fenzliana (Fritsch) Lipsky, Amygdalus trichamygdalus (Hand.-Mazz.) Woronow, Amygdalus arabica (Olivier), y Amygdalus webbii (Spach). Estas especies ofrecen un gran valor para mejoramiento del almendro; se estudió la viabilidad del polen, tasa de germinación, y producción de polen para siete genotipos de A. orientalis y siete genotipos de A. turcomanica cultivados en condiciones naturales en el sudeste de Anatolia (Gaziantep and §anhurfa provinces, Turkey). También se estudiaron cultivares de almendros (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A. Webb) obtenidos desde Pozanti Agricultural Experimental Station, Universidad de Cukurova. Las viabilidades de polen de los diversos genotipos se determinaron por las pruebas 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolium cloruro (TTC) y fluoresceína diacetato (FDA). Las tasas de germinación de polen se establecieron en condiciones de placas Petri (1% agar + 0, 10, 15, y 20% sucrosa) mientras la producción de polen se estimó con métodos hemocitométricos. Las tasas de viabilidad de polen fueron cercanas entre ambos métodos para los genotipos de A. orientalis y A. turcomanica. Las tasas de germinación de polen fueron dependientes del contenido de sucrosa y del genotipo. Los cultivares mostraron tasas de germinación de polen similares en todas las concentraciones de sucrosa mientras el polen de los genotipos A. orientalis y A. turcomanica mostraron mayores tasas de germinación en 10% sucrosa. El número de anteras por flor fue mayor en los cultivares mientras el número de granos de polen fue menor en otras especies de almendro. Mientras el número de granos de polen por flor fue relativamente alto en genotipos de A. orientalis, la calidad del polen fue alta en las tres especies en investigación. Los resultados sugirieron que estas dos especies, A. orientalis y A. turcomanica, podrían ser usadas para futuros programas de mejoramiento de almendros.