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Ultrafine-grained (UFG) high-Mn austenitic steel exhibited unusual discontinuous yielding on its stress-strain curve, characterized by a yield drop followed by a stress plateau, indicative of Lüders deformation. Utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) technique, a strain-localized region known as a Lüders band was observed to propagate during Lüders deformation. Following microstructural observations using state-of-the-art techniques such as in-situ synchrotron XRD measurement during the tensile test and ex-situ S/TEM and SEM-ECCI, dislocation multiplication, rather than twinning, was theoretically identified as the primary deformation mechanism responsible for the unusual Lüders deformation in UFG high-Mn austenitic steel.

The Internet of Things (IoT) network infrastructures are becoming more susceptible to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks because of the proliferation of IoT devices. Detecting and predicting such attacks in this complex and dynamic environment requires specialized techniques. This study presents an approach to detecting and predicting DDoS attacks from a realistic multidimensional dataset specifically tailored to IoT network environments, named DDoSNet. At the beginning of the data preprocessing phase, the dataset must be cleaned up, missing values must be handled, and the data needs to be transformed into an acceptable format for analysis. Several preprocessing approaches, including data-cleaning algorithms and imputation methods, are used to improve the accuracy and dependability of the data. Following this, feature selection uses the African Buffalo Optimization with Decision Tree (ABO-DT) method. This nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm imitates the behaviour of African buffalos to determine which traits are the most important. By integrating ABO with the decision tree, a subset of features is selected that maximizes the discrimination between regular network traffic and DDoS attacks. After feature selection, an echo-state network (ESN) classifier is employed for detection and prediction. A recurrent neural network (RNN) that has shown potential for managing time-series data is known as an ESN. The ESN classifier utilizes the selected features to learn the underlying patterns and dynamics of network traffic, enabling accurate identification of DDoS attacks. Based on the simulations, the proposed DDOSNet had an accuracy of 98.98 %, a sensitivity of 98.62 %, a specificity of 98.85 %, an F-measure of 98.86 %, a precision of 98.27 %, an MCC of 98.95 %, a Dice coefficient of 98.04 %, and a Jaccard coefficient of 98.09 %, which are better than the current best methods.

Background and Aims: Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as a supplemental tool for training in high stake situations like COVID-19. The aim of this study is to meet the global requirements of knowledge on ventilatory management, prepare and to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching module for non-anesthesiology trainees on COVID-19 patients. Methods: Quasi experimental cross sectional pilot study was conducted with a sample of twenty-six trainees. A teaching module was prepared and validated which consisted of lectures, audio-video sessions, demonstrations with hands-on training, debriefing, analytical-phase and reflection. Pre and Post evaluations from student t-test and direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) were used for knowledge and skill assessment respectively and feedback obtained from Likert's score. Results: Pre- and Post-tests had a mean score of 7.42 ± 2.12 and 14.92 ± 2.9 respectively (P value 0.00001). DOPS included 16 point score, in which 23 trainees (88.4%) met the expectations and above expectations as per training objectives. A five-point Likert's score feedback revealed satisfactory and highly satisfactory scores of 100% (ABG), 96.1% (mechanical ventilation), and 84.6% (ventilation in COVID-19 patients). Overall satisfaction for the workshop among respondents was 100 per cent. Confidences of handling scores were 84.5% (interpreting ABG), 65.3% (maneuvering mechanical ventilation), and 96.15% (intubation in COVID-19 patients). Conclusion: A planned teaching module in ventilation management helps to train non-anaesthesiologists more effectively as a part of COVID-19 preparedness. Simulation with debriefing based training to the medical fraternity is the best alternative in the present pandemic and it will also ensure the safety of health care professionals.

Melioidosis which is known to be endemic in South-east Asia and Northern Australia is a treatable infection and is more common than currently appreciated. It is now expanding rapidly to other regions of the world predominantly in the Indian subcontinent. The key for successful management of this disease lies in facilitating rapid and accurate diagnosis by expert personnel and timely selection of adequate sensitive antibiotics. We present here a series of three cases of melioidosis involving lung and pleura along with clinico radiological and treatment details. [J Med Allied Sci 2019; 9(1.000): 36-39]

Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease involving multiple organs. Most commonly affected organs are lungs, followed by skin, lymph nodes. Hematological manifestations of sarcoidosis are uncommon and may include hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, peripheral lymphopenia but severe thrombocytopenia is very rare. Our patient presented with petechial rash, papular skin lesions and had severe thrombocytopenia. Skin biopsy showed granulomatous inflammation without necrosis with good clinical, radiological and hematological response to oral prednisolone. [J Med Allied Sci 2018; 8(2.000): 94-97]

Abstract Application of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to in situ observation will be essential in the current and emerging data-driven materials science by taking STEM’s high affinity with various analytical options into account. As is well known, STEM’s image acquisition time needs to be further shortened to capture a targeted phenomenon in real-time as STEM’s current temporal resolution is far below the conventional TEM’s. However, rapid image acquisition in the millisecond per frame or faster generally causes image distortion, poor electron signals, and unidirectional blurring, which are obstacles for realizing video-rate STEM observation. Here we show an image correction framework integrating deep learning (DL)-based denoising and image distortion correction schemes optimized for STEM rapid image acquisition. By comparing a series of distortion corrected rapid scan images with corresponding regular scan speed images, the trained DL network is shown to remove not only the statistical noise but also the unidirectional blurring. This result demonstrates that rapid as well as high-quality image acquisition by STEM without hardware modification can be established by the DL. The DL-based noise filter could be applied to in-situ observation, such as dislocation activities under external stimuli, with high spatio-temporal resolution.

Ultrafine-grained (UFG) high-Mn austenitic steel exhibited unusual discontinuous yielding on its stress-strain curve, characterized by a yield drop followed by a stress plateau, indicative of Lüders deformation. Utilizing the digital image correlation (DIC) technique, a strain-localized region known as a Lüders band was observed to propagate during Lüders deformation. Following microstructural observations using state-of-the-art techniques such as in-situ synchrotron XRD measurement during the tensile test and ex-situ S/TEM and SEM-ECCI, dislocation multiplication, rather than twinning, was theoretically identified as the primary deformation mechanism responsible for the unusual Lüders deformation in UFG high-Mn austenitic steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurocognitive decline and depression are the most common unaddressed but noticeable adverse consequences linked with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which can affect work performance, social functioning, and quality of life. It is significant to explore both cognition and mood disorders in OSA, as there is adequate evidence in the literature supporting the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the management. Aims and Objectives: The aim was to assess the neurocognitive profile and depression in patients with OSA in our center. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary care center between January 2017 and January 2018. A total of 92 patients with an established diagnosis of OSA (by polysomnography) were included in the study. All patients were given questionnaires for the assessment of neurocognitive function and depression scoring. Results: Out of 92 OSA patients, 29 (31.5%) had normal cognition, 43 (46.7%) had mild cognitive impairment (CI), and 20 (21.7%) had major CI. Out of twenty patients with major CI, major attention deficit was observed in 17 (85%), memory impairment in 16 (80%), verbal fluency was affected in 13 (65%), deficit in language skills was observed in 7 (35%), and visuospatial abilities were affected in 17 patients (85%). Out of 92 OSA patients, 21 (22.8%) had depression and 71.4% of them were females. Conclusions: OSA is an independent risk factor for both depression and neurocognitive decline. It is highly recommended that patients with OSA should be screened for both, so as to provide better clinical outcomes.

Coxsackievirus group B (CVB) is a member of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. CVB infection has been implicated as a major etiologic agent of viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, meningitis, and pancreatitis among children and young adults. Until date, no antiviral agent has been licensed for the treatment of Coxsackievirus infection. In an effort to identify antiviral agents against diseases caused by the CVB, we found that ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate (EHX), a volatile compound present in fruits and food additives, is a potent antiviral compound. In this study, we demonstrated that EHX treatment significantly inhibits CVB replication both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EHX possesses antiviral activity at 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.2 μM and 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) of 25.6 μM, yielding a selective index (SI) value as high as 20.8. Insights into the mechanism of antiviral activity of EHX showed that it acts at the step of viral RNA replication. Since EHX has received approval as food additives, treatment of CVB-related infections with EHX might be a safe therapeutic option and may be a promising strategy for the development of semi-synthetic antiviral drugs for viral diseases.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-35 accounts for up 10% of cervical cancers in Sub-Saharan Africa. We herein assessed the genetic diversity of HPV35 in HIV-negative women from Chad (identified as #CHAD) and HIV-infected men having sex with men (MSM) in the Central African Republic (CAR), identified as #CAR. Ten HPV35 DNA from self-collected genital secretions (n = 5) and anal margin samples (n = 5) obtained from women and MSM, respectively, were sequenced using the ABI PRISM® BigDye Sequencing technology. All but one HPV35 strains belonged to the A2 sublineage, and only #CAR5 belonged to A1. HPV35 from #CAR had higher L1 variability compared to #CHAD (mean number of mutations: 16 versus 6). L1 of #CAR5 showed a significant variability (2.29%), suggesting a possible intra-type divergence from HPV35H. Three (BC, DE, and EF) out of the 5 capsid loops domains remained totally conserved, while FG- and HI- loops of #CAR exhibited amino acid variations. #CAR5 also showed the highest LCR variability with a 16bp insertion at binding sites of the YY1. HPV35 from #CHAD exhibited the highest variability in E2 gene (P<0.05). E6 and E7 oncoproteins remained well conserved. There is a relative maintenance of a well conserved HPV35 A2 sublineage within heterosexual women in Chad and MSM with HIV in the Central African Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A lot of people come to us complaining about erectile dysfunction. These days, even those under the age of 30 frequently deal with the problem of early onset hypertension and diabetes. Material and Methods: The study comprised 70 consecutive patients who were referred from several departments, including general medical outpatient, psychiatry, diabetology, and urology. This study was conducted at the Department of Radiology, Sri Balaji Medical College. Renigunta, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India between March 2023 to Jan 2024. Every patient complained of erectile dysfunction for at least half a year. A thorough clinical history and basic blood chemistry were performed on each subject. Results: These are a few instances of venous and arterial insufficiency patterns associated with erectile dysfunction. The individuals' ages ranged from 22 to 65 years old, with a mean age of 44. The average score of the 70 subjects on the SHIM questionnaire was 14.6. About 30% of the participants had no identified risk factors, despite the fact that diabetes and hypertension were the primary causes in the great majority of instances. Out of 70 participants, 56 responded normally to sildenafil and 59 to papaverine. Papaverine found that 21 individuals taking sildenafil had erectile dysfunction, compared to 18 who did not. Conclusion: Tab. Sildenafil significantly increases blood flow to the penile vasculature, according to the study, suggesting it may be useful as an erectogenic agent in penile Doppler studies when paired with self-tactile stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review gives an insight into high-entropy alloys (HEAs) as a new possible binder material for the tungsten carbides, heavy tungsten alloys, and titanium carbo-nitride (Ti(C,N)) based cermet composites. The existing binder materials (for instance, Co, Ni, etc.), produced by powder metallurgy methods, have limited tool bits performance and short service life while mining applications; however, replacing existing binders with more accurate binder material is still a great challenge for researchers. Therefore, the present review is explicitly and precisely dedicated to the finding of the HEAs-based binder materials for the WC hard metals, heavy tungsten alloys, and Ti(C,N) cermet composites to produce high-performance drill bits associated with higher service life in the mining and cutting operations by improving the mechanical properties and tribo-corrosion performance. In this review, the performance of the HEAs over conventional binder materials has been compared and discussed concerning hardness, fracture toughness, oxidation, and tribo-corrosion resistance. The HEA-based binders showed low transformation kinetics and a lack of solubility as compared to the conventional binder. Hence, after optimising the composition, microstructures, properties, and costs of the HEAs-based binder materials, it can be estimated that in the upcoming year, the HEAs-based binder may replace the conventional binder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipomas are common benign neoplastic mesenchymal tumours arising from adipose tissue anywhere in the body. Giant intra-thoracic lipoma extending across the anterior mediastinum into bilateral pleural spaces causing compression of the underlying lung resulting in respiratory embarrassment is rarely seen and reported. Giant lipomas of thorax require surgical excision as they continue to grow and cause compressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Tatikonda. Mouli, Anjani. Davuluri, Sana. Vijaya, Avala. Priyanka, Sushant. Mishra Background and Aims: Simulation is one of the important learning tools when it comes to skill acquisition and as [...]

Meckel's diverticulum is the commonest congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. Hemorrhage, obstruction and inflammation are the three main categories of complications resulting from Meckel's diverticulum. Spontaneously perforation of Meckel's diverticulum is very rare and mimics acute appendicitis. We report a case of 26 year-old male,who presented since 5 days worsening abdominal pain predominantly in the right iliac fossa associated with high grade fever. On physical examination his abdomen was distended with guarding and rigidity. A provisional diagnosis of appendiculaire peritonitis was made. Our patient had an emergency laparotomy, where a perforated Meckel's diverticulum and advanced peritonitis were discovered. A diverticulectomy with ileostomy were performed. Heterotopic mucosa of diverticulitis was confirmed on histopathology. The patient made an uneventful recovery postoperatively and ileostomy reconstruction was done two months later.This case report is an interesting and unusual case of Meckel's diverticulum complications and highlights the importance of considering Meckel's diverticulum as a differential diagnosis in every patient presenting with acute abdomen.

Perfluorocompounds (PFCs) used in semiconductor manufacturing are potential contributors to greenhouse gas-driven climate change. PFCs emitted from plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) chamber cleans can be a significant portion of the total PFC emissions for a typical semiconductor fabrication facility. Previous work adopting octafluorocyclobutane (c-[C.sub.4][F.sub.8]) clean chemistries to reduce gas consumption and PFC emissions have been reported on applied materials and novellus PECVD tools. In this study, c-[C.sub.4][F.sub.8] was evaluated as an alternative chamber clean gas on Mattson ASPEN II PECVD tools. A statistical design of experiment (DOE) methodology and tool emission analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry were used to develop a low gas consumption and low PFC emission process. This e-[C.sub.4][F.sub.8] process reduced the clean gas consumption by 65% and PFC emission by 78%, compared to our current [C.sub.2][F.sub.6] clean with no impact on deposited film properties or process repeatability. Index Terms--[C.sub.2][F.sub.6], CAF8, dielectric deposition, Freon, Octafluorocyclobutane, PECVD, Perfluorocompounds, PFC emission reduction, semiconductor fabrication, thin films.

The present work proposes a novel cow-head shaped multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for 5G sub:6 GHz applications, which include N77/N78 (3.3-4.2 GHz/3.3-3.8 GHz) and N79 (4.4-5.0 GHz) bands. The proposed work is designed and developed on a 30x66mm2 size FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss of tangent of 0.002. The proposed design works in the region from 3.3 to 5 GHz, and an isolation above 18 dB is attained. The parametric analysis and surface current distribution are studied for the optimization of parameters, and the coupling between elements is analyzed respectively. The performance of the design is studied in terms of efficiency (⋋ 91:5%), peak gain (3.1-4.6 dBi), and radiation patterns (E & H fields). The diversity parameters (ECC, DG, TARC, CCL, & MEG) are calculated and checked, the same as measured results. Then all the measured results of the fabricated prototype are compared with simulated ones, and they are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coxsackievirus group B (CVB) is a member of the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. CVB infection has been implicated as a major etiologic agent of viral myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, meningitis, and pancreatitis among children and young adults. Until date, no antiviral agent has been licensed for the treatment of Coxsackievirus infection. In an effort to identify antiviral agents against diseases caused by the CVB, we found that ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate (EHX), a volatile compound present in fruits and food additives, is a potent antiviral compound. In this study, we demonstrated that EHX treatment significantly inhibits CVB replication both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, EHX possesses antiviral activity at 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 1.2 μM and 50% cytotoxicity (CC50) of 25.6 μM, yielding a selective index (SI) value as high as 20.8. Insights into the mechanism of antiviral activity of EHX showed that it acts at the step of viral RNA replication. Since EHX has received approval as food additives, treatment of CVB-related infections with EHX might be a safe therapeutic option and may be a promising strategy for the development of semi-synthetic antiviral drugs for viral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente trabajo apoya el diagnóstico preliminar del cáncer del cervix uterino. Detennina elestado (normal, displásico o canceroso) en células individuales de muestras dtalógicas utilizandoun sistema de visión artificial. El reconocimiento del estado en las células del cervix uterino serealiza en dos pasos básicos, a saber: Inicialmente se debe clasificar la célula objeto de análisis,como supeificial, intennedia o parabasal, tomando como base su aspecto (color,forma, tamaño,etc.). Posteriormente, se detecta cuales criterios de malignidad o premalignidad se encuentranpresentes, con el fin de hacer el diagnóstico correspondiente en la muestra.

Purpose: This paper aims to focus on the basic principle of WO3 gas sensors to achieve high gas-sensing performance with good stability and repeatability. Metal oxide-based gas sensors are widely used for monitoring toxic gas leakages in the environment, industries and households. For better livelihood and a healthy environment, it is extremely helpful to have sensors with higher accuracy and improved sensing features. Design/methodology/approach: In the present review, the authors focus on recent synthesis methods of WO3-based gas sensors to enhance sensing features towards toxic gases. Findings: This work has proved that the synthesis method led to provide different morphologies of nanostructured WO3-based material in turn to improve gas sensing performance along with its sensing mechanism. Originality/value: In this work, the authors reviewed challenges and possibilities associated with the nanostructured WO3-based gas sensors to trace toxic gases such as ammonia, H2S and NO2 for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]