Search

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (USG) in clinically suspected cases of placenta accreta in previous scar patients taking clinical outcome as Gold standard. Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study. Duration and Place of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from Oct 2016 to Mar 2017. Methodology: This study enrolled pregnant ladies having history of previous one or more caesarean sections, age ranging from 20-40 years and gestational age 37-41 weeks. The ultrasound & magnetic resonance imaging findings were recorded as positive or negative for placenta accreta and then correlated with clinical outcome. Results: The data of 155 patients were analysed. Out of 155, 86 patients were found to be positive on magnetic resonance imaging. Among them, 78 were found to be true positive and 8 were false positive. While among, 69 patients with negative findings on magnetic resonance imaging, 12 were false negative whereas 57 were true negative. Overall diagnostic accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging for placenta accreta was 87.09%, 82.60%, 90.69%, 86.67% & 82.69% respectively. In 82 patients with positive findings on ultrasound, 71 were true positive and 11 were found to be False Positive. While among, 73 ultrasound negative patients, 14 were false negative whereas 59 were true negative. Overall diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of ultrasound for placenta accreta was 83.87%, 86.5%, 80.82%, 83.53% and 84.28% respectively. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging andultrasonography are highly sensitive and accurate..............

Credit supply expansion can affect an economy by increasing productive capacity or by boosting household demand. In this study, we develop a test to determine if the household demand channel is present, and we implement the test using both a natural experiment in the United States in the 1980s and an international panel of 56 countries over the last several decades. Consistent with the importance of the household demand channel, we find that credit supply expansion boosts nontradable sector employment and the price of nontradable goods, with limited effects on tradable sector employment. Such credit expansions amplify the business cycle and lead to more severe recessions.

Data de publicació electrònica: 15-06-2019 This paper studies credit booms exploiting the Spanish matched credit register over 2001–2009. We extend Khwaja and Mian’s (2008) loan-level estimator by incorporating firm-level general equilibrium adjustments. Higher ex-ante bank real-estate exposure increases credit supply to non-real-estate firms, but effects are neutralized by firm-level adjustments for firms with existing banking relationships. However, higher bank real-estate exposure increases risk-taking, by relaxing standards of existing borrowers (cheaper, longer-term and less collateralized credit), and by expanding credit on the extensive margin to first-time borrowers that default substantially more. Results suggest that the mechanism at work is greater liquidity via securitization of real-estate assets. José-Luis Peydró acknowledges financial support from project ECO2015-68182-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) and the European Research Council Grant (project 648398).