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is imperative to investigate the global warming on aquaculture welfare and productivity. Our current understandings on impacts of altered climate dictate a weak relationship between global warming and naturally occurring migrations. However, several models have been presented that elucidate the negative impact of global warming on the aquatic biodiversity. While impact of global warming on habitat is imperative, additional factors such as predation, food shortage or heavy fishing may exacerbate the climatic impacts on the aquaculture biodiversity. Based upon current general consensus among researchers, a global legislation and action-plan is required. Additionally, regulatory authorities from both developed and underdeveloped countries should enforce the implementation of these legislations. Such initiatives are fundamental in conservation of aquaculture, sustainability of increasing food security and to maintain the ecosystem of the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study a gregarine parasite is described from Psylliodes cupreus Koch 1803 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Turkey for the first time. Gregarine infection was observed in all localities investigated during the study. Infection in P. cupreus populations was 25%. During the study, several life stages, such as trophozoite, gamont and associative form of the gregarine parasite were observed in the intestine lumen of P. cupreus adults. Measurements of gregarine gamonts and primites-satellites in associations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil vapours from the plant species Origanum acutidens L. (Lamiaceae) were tested for their toxicities against the adults of Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) and Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and third instar larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The amounts of essential oil applied were 2, 4, 6 and 8 μ in each of the desiccators with 4 L capacity, corresponding to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 μ/L air. The test essential oil achieved 100% mortality with a dose of 2 μ/L air within 96 h in all life stages tested. In general, mortality increased with the doses of essential oil and exposure periods. Although the essential oil of O. acutidens was found to be effective against all test insect species, E. kuehniella, in general, was more sensitive against the oil than both S. granarius and L. serricorne in all dose and exposure time variants. The results of the study suggest that essential oil from this plant has a potential as control agent against E. kuehniella, L. serricorne and S. granarius under storage conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oil vapours obtained from Artemisia absinthium (L) (Compositae) were tested for their toxicities against nymphs and adults of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and adults of Bemisia tabasi Genn. (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). The amounts of essential oils applied were 2, 4, 6 and 8 μl in each of the desiccators (4 1 capacity), corresponding to 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 μl/l air. Essential oil of A. absinthium was quite promising as a fumigant against these species. Insecticidal and acaricidal activities increased with the dosage of essential oils. Mortality increased generally as the dose of essential oil and the exposure period. Among these pests, B. tabasi was more sensitive than the other species. An application period of 120 hours was more effective than 96 hour, 48 hour and 24 hour in all species. The highest dose, 2 μl/l air, was more effective than other doses in all pest species. The results showed significant differences at p<0.01 levels. Essential oils extracted from A. absinthium may be potential control agents against T. urticae and B. tabasi in greenhouse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malacosoma neustria (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is one of the important agricultural pests in Turkey. A bacterial pathogen of M. neustria was isolated and characterized to find an effective and safe bacterial agent for its biological control. The isolated bacteria were identified as Brevibacillus agri and show a high toxicity to the larvae of M. neustria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Sideritis (Lamiaceae) is represented by 45 species (54 taxa) in Anatolia with high endemism ratio (74%), and Turkey is one of the gene centers of the genus along with Spain. Acetone extract of the aerial parts of Sideritis lycia afforded eight known ent-kaurene diterpenoids, structures of which have been identified as linearol, isolinearol, isosidol, sidol, siderol, sideridiol, 7-epi-candicandiol and foliol through 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic analyses. Cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the acetone extract, linearol, sidol and isosidol were investigated together with insecticidal activity of species. The antiviral index of linearol, isosidol and acetone extract of S. lycia were determined as 2.31, 2.01 and 2.58, respectively, except sidol. 7-Epi-candicandiol was found to be the most active diterpene against a series of cancer cell lines with ED50 values; KB (13.3 μg/mL), COL-2 (11.8 μg/mL), LU1 (17.9 μg/mL), LNCaP (14.9 μg/mL) and A2780 (9.0 μg/mL). Activity results of this study indicated that ent-kaurane diterpenes have potential to be considered as antiviral and cytotoxic lead compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5-year-old child living in Erzurum, Turkey, complaining of otalgia, otorrhea and pruritus in the right ear for three days, was examined. Otoscopic examination at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology revealed live maggots in the external auditory canal. Ten maggots were recovered and were identified as third stage larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Local and systemic antibiotic therapies were applied. No pathological findings were present at the follow-up examination after 15 days of therapy.