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This tutorial aims to provide a general overview on the state-of-the-art of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in the visible and short near-infrared (NIR) wavelength ranges, mostly focusing in silicon nitride (SiN) substrates, and a guide to the necessary steps in the design toward the fabrication of such PICs. The focus is put on bio- and life sciences, given the adequacy and, thus, a large number of applications in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chip integration has allowed for many years already to miniaturize optical systems into photonic circuits, improving in performance and robustness while decreasing cost and weight. Traditional applications have been telecom and datacom components, but as technology matures in these markets, new emerging applications arise on healthcare and biochemistry sensing. From optical coherence tomography (OCT) medical instrumentation, to lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, spectrometry or flow cytometry, many new integration platforms and devices are being demonstrated and commercialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]