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Introduction: Sella turcica is an important landmark seen during cephalogram tracing and evaluation. Its morphology varies in persons, gender groups, age groups, and ethnicities. Aim: This cephalometric study was done on a novel population of Dogra ethnicity residing in Jammu to determine the characteristics of sella and its correlation with the sagittal skeletal structures. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study done on cephalograms and included a total of 87 patients which were equally classified as Skeletal Class-I, Class-II, Class-III, respectively. The pre-treatment profile cephalogram of the patient were obtained in a standardised method. Manual tracing of all the cephalograms was done on an acetate paper with a tracing pencil under optimal illumination. Area, size, shape, bridging of the sella was measured using a novel template and tabulated in excel sheet and sent for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed mean area of sella was highest in skeletal Class-III (32.79±3.28 mm) followed by skeletal Class-I (28.31±1.63 mm) and least in skeletal Class-II subjects (23.27±2.91 mm). Skeletal Class-III had the greatest mean sella length (10.85±0.80 mm), depth (10.54±0.89 mm), Anteroposterior (AP) diameter (13.20±0.83 mm) followed by skeletal Class-I and least in Class-II. Normal sella turcica was prevalent among all the skeletal. Conclusion: The dimensions of the sella obtained from this study provide an estimate about the morphology and size of sella in Dogra population thus providing knowledge to the local Orthodontist about the varied appearance of sella and helps in distinguishing the physiological and pathological patterns of sella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sella turcica is the most commonly used landmarks in cephalometrics and is located at the centre of the cranium and is an important structure seen in the neurocranial and craniofacial region. The morphology of sella is important for the cephalometric position as a reference point when evaluating growth changes and progress in Orthodontic treatment . The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the sellar characteristics and facial growth patterns. Material and Methods: A total of 90 cephalograms of the subjects reporting for Orthodontic treatment were collected, the cephalograms were divided into two groups. Group I consisting of 45 cephalograms with hypodivergent growth pattern and Group II consisting of 45 cephalograms with hyperdivergent growth pattern. Growth pattern was classified according to the mandibular plane as SN-MP >38° for hyperdivergent growth pattern and SN-MP <26° for hypodivergent growth pattern. Each cephalogram was traced manually on acetate paper using a tracing pencil and under optimal lighting conditions by same operator. In both the groups, shape, length, depth, diameter of the sella were determined. The data was tabulated in excel sheets and sent for statistical analysis. Mean, standard deviation and error were calculated. Independent t-test was used to determine the correlation between the variables. Results: The results revealed the length, depth, diameter of the sell was greater in the hyperdivergent growth pattern as compared to hypodivergent growth pattern. The length (p =0.0255 ) and diameter (p=0.0009) were statistically significant. Normal shape of sella was more prevalent in both group I &II (62.22% & 44.44%). Oblique morphologic shape was second most prevalent (33.33%) in hyperdivergent growth pattern Conclusion: This study concluded that a correlation exists between the two facial growth patterns and sella length and diameter. Length, diameter and depth are increased in hyperdivergent growth pattern as compared to hypodivergent growth pattern. Oblique shape was second most common in hyperdivergent growth pattern. Such studies are helpful in knowing the normal morphology of sella in various growth patterns which can help in cephalometric tracing, growth superimpositions as well as in growth forecasting and treatment planning in growing children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Waste generated from hospitals is bio hazardous, highly infectious & toxic. Indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste possesses health risk to human & animal population because of the high potential of disease transmission through unregulated waste pose a dangerous threat not only to human health safety but also to environment for current & future generations, so it is of utmost importance to handle biomedical waste in environmentally sound manner. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, practices & attitude of biomedical waste management in dental health care workers so that regular training programs may be provided for proper handling of biomedical waste generated in dental health Institution. Material &Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst dental health care workers (DHCWs) on volunteer basis. Study was conducted in 70 volunteers including doctors, paramedical/nursing staff, junior residents, post graduate and undergraduate students. Survey was conducted using a predesigned questionnaire about the basic knowledge, segregation of waste at source, color coding & injury reporting. The hard copy of the questionnaires were collected and the correct answers were tabulated on the excel sheet and sent for statistical analysis. Results ANOVA and unpaired t-test were done. Percentage wise data was derived. Doctors had highest knowledge about the biomedical waste management followed by paramedical staff/nurses, junior residents, post graduate and undergraduate students. The knowledge about needle stick injury was found to be less in all the cadres. Conclusion The knowledge about the biomedical waste management was found more in faculty/Doctors followed by paramedics/nursing staff and post graduate and undergraduate students. The importance of biomedical waste management training needs to be imparted at all levels amongst dental care providers, because lack of knowledge impacts the practices of appropriate waste disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The orthodontic treatment in adult for the treatment of malocclusion is becoming more common. However, the disadvantages of conventional orthodontics are the time consumed for the treatment (18-24 months), root resorption, and formation of fenestrations and dehiscence. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) is a surgical technique resulting in increased alveolar bone width, shorter treatment time, increase posttreatment stability, and decrease amount of apical root resorption. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the treatment time, root resorption, bone density, and presence/absence of fenestrations and dehiscence after PAOO with surgical bur and PAOO with piezocision. Materials and Methods: Forty participants with bimaxillary protrusion undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly selected and divided into two groups. Group I: 20 participants selected for PAOO with surgical bur and Group II: 20 participants selected for PAOO with piezocision. Patients were recalled at baseline 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and evaluated for treatment time and bone density, root resorption, and detection of fenestration and dehiscence using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Results: Participants in Group I had less treatment time compared to Group II. Rate of retraction was 7.07 mm/20.81 weeks and 5.99 mm/28.48 weeks in Group I and Group II, respectively. CBCT showed a statistically significant increase in bone density in both groups, 12 months after the surgery. Root resorption was negligible in Group I (0.34 mm) and in Group II (0.51 mm). CBCT revealed increase in thickness of alveolar bone and coverage of fenestrations and dehiscence. Conclusion: PAOO provides an efficient and stable orthodontic tooth movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Reduced size dual band patch antenna is designed on pulp fibers-based substrate, obtained from a self-growing plant, Typha angustifolia. The proposed design is low cost and has <10 dB return loss at 2.4 and 5.7 GHz, with 6.9 dBi antenna gain and also has potential for conformal designs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2146-2148, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 32-year-old man with two-month history of onset left eye redness and ptosis. It mentions that examination of the cranial nerves and the peripheral neurological system have not seen any deficit. It states that within the supraclavicular fossa there was a large abnormal three centimeters lymph node. It says that Horner's syndrome damage the oculosympathetic pathway which results from benign causes.

Objective: Payment by results was introduced to the UK National Health Service in 2004. Specific payment tariff for ENT departments is determined by clinical code of the patient's episode. Our aim was to review clinical coding in our department and assess scope for improving accuracy of coding and income tariffs. Method: We retrospectively reviewed coding of operations over a 4‐month period. A database was obtained including primary operation code and payment tariff. Using a system that grouped operation codes according to anatomic site, we analyzed each case to see if actual code attributed to the procedure could be improved. Results: Over the 4‐month period there were 930 operations; 866 (93%) were correctly coded with an optimal tariff, 19 (2%) were incorrectly coded giving an excessive total tariff of £24,840, and 45 (5%) were incorrectly coded losing a tariff of £37,381. Therefore, over the 4‐month period, £12,541 was lost due to suboptimal coding. Conclusion: A system that groups ENT operation codes according to anatomic regions and procedure types efficiently aids the accuracy and optimization of income tariffs. It may be employed during the clinical coding process as a quality assurance tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute onset stridor in a neonate following general anaesthesia is commonly attributed to laryngeal oedema secondary to anaesthetic airway trauma. The authors present a case of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury resulting in vocal cord paralysis causing stridor following central venous catheterisation under general anaesthesia in a neonate. This was managed expectantly and resolved spontaneously over a period of 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study was conducted to clinically evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) as a method of reducing pain reported by patients after placement of their first orthodontic archwires. Materials and methods: A sample of 10 patients with an age group of 12 to 26 years with moderate-to-severe anterior crowding was selected. Each patient was assigned to an experimental group (left quadrant with laser therapy) and a control group (right quadrant with no laser therapy). Low-level laser therapy was given immediately after the placement of initial archwire. All patients were instructed to fill up a survey form at home over the next 7 days. Results: The results revealed that the average onset of pain in the experimental group (16.10 hours) was significantly reduced when compared with the control group (3.10 hours). The most painful day was similar for both the groups. The pain ceased much sooner in the experimental group than in the control group. The intensity of pain was lesser in the experimental group when compared with the control group. Conclusion: Low-level laser therapy was an effective and noninvasive method for controlling pain in orthodontic patients after receiving their first archwires. The duration and intensity of pain reduced with the application of LLLT Clinical significance: Pain reduction during orthodontic procedures. Keywords: Low-level laser therapy, Nickel-titanium wires, Orthodontic pain.