9 results on '"Arnaud Adam"'
Search Results
2. Cartography of interaction fields in and around Brussels: commuting, moves and telephone calls
- Author
-
Arnaud Adam, Jean-Charles Delvenne, and Isabelle Thomas
- Subjects
metropolitan area ,territorial development ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Using conventional relational data (residential migrations, commutes to and from the workplace) and less conventional relational data (mobile telephony calls), the space in and around the Brussels-Capital Region is partitioned into groups of closely inter-related places using a mathematical community detection method. The partitions obtained lead to strong spatial structures, while neither the distance nor the characteristics of the places are taken into account in this method. This article illustrates how large databases (big data) and their specific methods provide new opportunities for urban analyses (delimitation of urban borders, formalisation of intra-urban structures), and remind us here that no structure may be interpreted without a thorough understanding of data, the tools used and regional and urban theories.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Cartografie van de interactiegebieden in en rond Brussel: pendelverkeer, verhuizingen en telefoongesprekken
- Author
-
Arnaud Adam, Jean-Charles Delvenne, and Isabelle Thomas
- Subjects
metropolitan area ,territorial development ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Using conventional relational data (residential migrations, commutes to and from the workplace) and less conventional relational data (mobile telephony calls), the space in and around the Brussels-Capital Region is partitioned into groups of closely inter-related places using a mathematical community detection method. The partitions obtained lead to strong spatial structures, while neither the distance nor the characteristics of the places are taken into account in this method. This article illustrates how large databases (big data) and their specific methods provide new opportunities for urban analyses (delimitation of urban borders, formalisation of intra-urban structures), and remind us here that no structure may be interpreted without a thorough understanding of data, the tools used and regional and urban theories.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Migration and commuting interactions fields: a new geography with community detection algorithm?
- Author
-
Isabelle Thomas, Arnaud Adam, and Ann Verhetsel
- Subjects
community detection ,interaction fields ,migration ,commuting ,provinces ,Belgium ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
The objective is to refresh the geography of Belgium using interactions between places by means of a community detection algorithm (Louvain Method) inspired by Complex theory and Data Sciences. Places that are tightly related are optimally clustered into communities, leading to a new and optimal partition of Belgium. Migrations and commuting movements (Census11) are here analysed. We obtain a mosaic of “interaction fields” that are here interpreted in terms of methodological choices, human and urban geography as well as Belgian political dilemmas. They give the opportunity to remind that researchers have to control the impact of their methodological choices and that each type of data leads to a different geographical partitioning, with one major unexpected common spatial feature in Belgium: the pre-eminence of the provincial borders. This perfectly fits with current political questioning.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Belgium through the Lens of Rail Travel Requests: Does Geography Still Matter?
- Author
-
Jonathan Jones, Christophe Cloquet, Arnaud Adam, Adeline Decuyper, and Isabelle Thomas
- Subjects
big data ,railway transport ,Belgium ,Louvain method ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This paper uses on-line railway travel requests from the iRail schedule-finder application for assessing the suitability of that kind of big data for transportation planning and to examine the temporal and regional variations of the travel demand by train in Belgium. Travel requests are collected over a two-month period and consist of origin-destination flows between stations operated by the Belgian national railway company in 2016. The Louvain method is applied to detect communities of tightly-connected stations. Results show the influence of both the urban and network structures on the spatial organization of the clusters. We also further discuss the implications of the observed temporal and regional variations of these clusters for transportation travel demand and planning.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Does Tolling Per Kilometre Compensate for the External Costs of Trucks? A Geographical Approach for Belgium
- Author
-
Arnaud Adam, Stef Proost, Isabelle Thomas, and UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics
- Subjects
transportation ,external costs ,Truck ,General Social Sciences ,toll ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Using detailed Global Navigation Satellite System tracing data emitted by all trucks having a gross vehicle weight of over 3.5 tons in Belgium, this paper assesses the efficiency of the current Belgian distance tax system by analyzing its spatial coverage and the matching of the distance taxes with the external costs, globally and locally. Specifically, three research questions are addressed. First, how well do the present charge rates match with external costs? Second, the operationalization of the system requires a good spatial coverage of truck movements. Does the present system guarantee an almost universal coverage? Third, do the distance charges match the external costs? We find that if the distance tax scheme differentiates regionally, it still misses large variations in noise costs. The current tracing infrastructure also captures only part of the truck operations on the territory. If distance tolls for trucks remain the backbone of the taxation of truck operations, it then needs further refinement in time and space if one wants it to be the major tool to correct for the external costs.
- Published
- 2022
7. Exploring new geographies of interactions in and around the metropolitan area of Brussels
- Author
-
Arnaud Adam, UCL - SSH/LIDAM - Louvain Institute of Data Analysis and Modeling in economics and statistics, UCL - Faculté des Sciences, Thomas, Isabelle, Delvenne, Jean-Charles, Chevalier, Philippe, Verhetsel, Ann, Cottineau, Clémentine, Cloquet, Christophe, Dehaibe, Xavier, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Université catholique de Louvain, and Isabelle Thomas
- Subjects
Big data ,Community detection ,Geography ,Interaction ,big data ,transport ,network ,community detection ,réseaux ,détection de communautés ,Transport ,Network ,[SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography - Abstract
In a global effort to achieve sustainable land management, regional and urban planning call for new adaptive datasets and methods to better grasp interactions between people and places. Understanding the moves of people, freight and information, and the relationships with the geographies of places are necessary knowledge for land use policies.Big-data currently offer a huge amount of information at very fine scales and in real-time. Analysing these data requires new techniques to obtain quick robust results. When dealing with origin and destination matrices resulting from big-data, community detection methods are useful to find how places are connected. The Louvain Method was applied on census or sensors datasets to define ‘interaction fields’. Analyses are performed on Belgium and Brussels.After a theoretical background, the second Part performs sensitivity analyses of the Louvain Method. The third part analyses moves of people. Results show that communities of commuting moves are much larger than those obtained by residential changes, and that administrative borders are serious constraints, confirmed by the study of train schedules requests. The fourth part uses GPS traces left by trucks as proxy of freight transportation. Diverting a dataset from its original fiscal objective requires pre-processing and conceptualisation that are time consuming. However, outcomes show that this dataset is a real opportunity to model goods transportation. Finally, the fifth part deals with mobile phone as proxy of moves of information. The very fine scale of the data and their variation in time lead to urban pulses but also to partitions varying in time and space. Big-data are a real opportunity to measure and understand space, but they need to be clearly understood and theoretically conceptualised.; Dans l’effort global d’atteindre une gestion durable du territoire, l’aménagement du territoire urbain et régional requièrent de nouvelles données et méthodes afin de mieux évaluer les interactions entre les personnes et les lieux. Comprendre les déplacements des personnes, du fret et de l’information, ainsi que leurs relations avec la géographie des lieux sont des connaissances nécessaires aux politiques d’aménagement du territoire.Les big-data offrent actuellement un déluge d’information en temps-réel à une échelle très fine, et l’analyse de celles-ci nécessite de nouvelles techniques pour obtenir rapidement des résultats robustes. Lorsque l’on manipule des matrices d’origines et de destinations résultant des big-data, les méthodes de détections de communautés sont efficaces pour mettre en évidence comment les lieux sont connectés. La Méthode de Louvain a été appliquée de nombreuses fois sur des données du census mais également sur des données provenant de senseurs afin de définir des ‘champs d’interactions’. Les analyses ont été appliquées à l’échelle de la Belgique et de Bruxelles.Après le développement du cadre théorique, la deuxième partie de cette thèse se concentre sur les analyses de sensibilité de la Méthode de Louvain. La troisième partie analyse quant à elle les mouvements des personnes. Les résultats montrent que les communautés de navettes ont une empreinte spatiale plus large que celles détectées dans les mouvements de changements de résidence, et que les frontières administratives sont de sérieuses contraintes, comme confirmé par l’étude des données portant sur les recherches des horaires de trains effectuées depuis internet. La quatrième partie utilise les traces GPS émises par la circulation des camions comme un proxy du transport de fret. Détourner un tel jeu de données de son objectif fiscal initial demande des traitements et des conceptualisations qui sont consommatrice de temps. Cependant, les résultats font de ces données une réelle opportunité de modélisation du transport de marchandise. Finalement, la cinquième partie se concentre sur les appels téléphoniques mobiles comme proxy des mouvements d’informations dans l’espace. L’échelle très fine des données, ainsi que leurs variations dans le temps mènent aux pulsations des villes mais également à des partitions spatiales qui varient dans le temps et l’espace. Les big-data sont donc une réelle opportunité de mesurer et de comprendre l’espace mais elles ont besoin d’être clairement comprises et théoriquement conceptualisées.
- Published
- 2019
8. Migration and commuting interactions fields: a new geography with community detection algorithm?
- Author
-
Ann Verhetsel, Arnaud Adam, Isabelle Thomas, UCL - SSH/LIDAM/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics, and UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics
- Subjects
Economics ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,lcsh:G1-922 ,navettes ,Mosaic (geodemography) ,02 engineering and technology ,migration ,provinces ,Urban geography ,Politics ,champs d’interactions ,Belgium ,commuting ,Feature (machine learning) ,community detection ,interaction fields ,Belgique ,05 social sciences ,détection de communautés ,021107 urban & regional planning ,General Medicine ,interation fields ,Geography ,Partition (politics) ,Census11 ,050703 geography ,Algorithm ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
The objective is to refresh the geography of Belgium using interactions between places by means of a community detection algorithm (Louvain Method) inspired by Complex theory and Data Sciences. Places that are tightly related are optimally clustered into communities, leading to a new and optimal partition of Belgium. Migrations and commuting movements (Census11) are here analysed. We obtain a mosaic of “interaction fields” that are here interpreted in terms of methodological choices, human and urban geography as well as Belgian political dilemmas. They give the opportunity to remind that researchers have to control the impact of their methodological choices and that each type of data leads to a different geographical partitioning, with one major unexpected common spatial feature in Belgium: the pre-eminence of the provincial borders. This perfectly fits with current political questioning. L’objectif est d’apporter un regard neuf sur la géographie de la Belgique à l’aide de données relationnelles et d’un algorithme de détection de communautés (Méthode de Louvain) inspiré de l’ingénierie mathématique et des sciences de données. Les lieux qui sont fortement liés en termes d’échanges sont ici classés de façon optimale en « communautés », conduisant à une partition innovante de la Belgique. Nous nous limitons ici aux mouvements de navettes et aux déménagements (migrations) issus du dernier recensement (Census11).Les différentes partitions de la Belgique sont discutées et interprétées d’un point de vue géographique et méthodologique. Ces résultats nous donnent l’occasion de rappeler qu’il importe de maîtriser les choix méthodologiques et que chaque type de données conduit à une partition différente qu’il convient d’interpréter en fonction de la théorie. De manière surprenante, une tendance spatiale inattendue apparaît à travers les résultats obtenus : la prééminence des frontières provinciales. Ce résultat interpelle au vu des questionnements politiques actuels en Belgique.
- Published
- 2017
9. Belgium through the Lens of Rail Travel Requests: Does Geography Still Matter?
- Author
-
Arnaud Adam, Jonathan Jones, Isabelle Thomas, Adeline Decuyper, Christophe Cloquet, and UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/CORE - Center for operations research and econometrics
- Subjects
Louvain method ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Big data ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,lcsh:G1-922 ,Network structure ,02 engineering and technology ,Through-the-lens metering ,Transport engineering ,Belgium ,big data ,0502 economics and business ,railway transport ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Spatial organization ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Transportation planning ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Travel behavior ,Geography ,business ,lcsh:Geography (General) - Abstract
This paper uses on-line railway travel requests from the iRail schedule-finder application for assessing the suitability of that kind of big data for transportation planning and to examine the temporal and regional variations of the travel demand by train in Belgium. Travel requests are collected over a two-month period and consist of origin-destination flows between stations operated by the Belgian national railway company in 2016. The Louvain method is applied to detect communities of tightly-connected stations. Results show the influence of both the urban and network structures on the spatial organization of the clusters. We also further discuss the implications of the observed temporal and regional variations of these clusters for transportation travel demand and planning.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.