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A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of N-substituted acryl amides has been developed using Na2CO3/SiO2 or NaHSO4/SiO2. Na2CO3/SiO2 smoothly acts as a base in the reaction between acryloyl chloride and a variety of amines to obtain their corresponding products in good to excellent yield. Additionally, NaHSO4/SiO2 catalyzed the Ritter reaction between acryl nitrile and sec-benzylic alcohols to give the expected N-substituted acryl amide product. In both reactions, Na2CO3/SiO2 and NaHSO4/SiO2 were removed from the reaction mixture using filtration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare type of extranodal lymphoma that selectively affects small blood vessels. We report a patient who presented with dyspnea and weight loss as well as refractory shock and multiple‐organ dysfunction. The postmortem revealed disseminated involvement of an IVL but no evidence of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrile oxides were formed from α-nitro ketones using silica gel-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4 /SiO2) or Amberlyst 15 as solid acid catalyst, and then the corresponding 3-acylisoxaszoles were obtained by reacting with alkynes via the 1,3-dipolar [3+2] cyclo-addition. These heterogeneous catalysts are easily separable from the reaction mixture and reused. This synthetic method provides a facile, efficient, and reusable production of 3-acylisoxazoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four-step synthesis of benzo- and naphthothiophenes that have biological importance and application in material science was integrated into a one-pot reaction by using silica gel-supported acid and base reagents, NaHSO4 /SiO2 and Na2 CO3 /SiO2. The supported reagents provided acid and base environments on the surface of the supports without neutralization and worked separately in the same medium. The four-step reaction comprises (i) deacetylation of 3-halo-2,4-pentanediones to α-halo ketones, (ii) deacetylation of S -aryl thioacetates to arene-thiols, (iii) coupling of α-halo ketones and arenethiols to give α-sulfanyl ketones, and (iv) cyclization of sulfanyl ketones to benzo- and naphthothiophenes. The steps (i) and (iii) proceeded by Na2 CO3 /SiO2 , and (ii) and (iv) by NaHSO4 /SiO2. The four-step reaction proceeded efficiently by introduction of starting materials and reagents in a single reaction vessel. The starting materials were very easy to handle and unpleasant smell of aryl thiols that were used in conventional methods could be avoided. Novel thirty-nine benzo- and naphthothiophenes were synthesized by this method in excellent to fair yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A four-step synthesis of benzo- and naphthothiophenes that have biological importance and application in material science was integrated into a one-pot reaction by using silica gel-supported acid and base reagents, NaHSO4 /SiO2 and Na2 CO3 /SiO2. The supported reagents provided acid and base environments on the surface of the supports without neutralization and worked separately in the same medium. The four-step reaction comprises (i) deacetylation of 3-halo-2,4-pentanediones to α-halo ketones, (ii) deacetylation of S -aryl thioacetates to arene-thiols, (iii) coupling of α-halo ketones and arenethiols to give α-sulfanyl ketones, and (iv) cyclization of sulfanyl ketones to benzo- and naphthothiophenes. The steps (i) and (iii) proceeded by Na2 CO3 /SiO2 , and (ii) and (iv) by NaHSO4 /SiO2. The four-step reaction proceeded efficiently by introduction of starting materials and reagents in a single reaction vessel. The starting materials were very easy to handle and unpleasant smell of aryl thiols that were used in conventional methods could be avoided. Novel thirty-nine benzo- and naphthothiophenes were synthesized by this method in excellent to fair yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been reported to be useful as markers for prognostic factors and metastasis in several cancers. The aim of this study was to identify the predictor of lymph node (LN) metastasis by pretreatment NLR and PLR in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: Medical charts of the patients with endometrial cancers that received primary surgery at our hospital between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The cutoff value was calculated from the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Clinicopathological parameters including inflammatory markers were evaluated for LN metastasis using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Among 197 patients enrolled in the study, LN metastasis was observed in 25 patients (13%). ROC curves demonstrated that the best cutoff value of NLR for predicting LN metastasis was 2.18 and that of PLR was 206. In univariate analysis, several pathological factors, NLR, and PLR were identified as predictors of LN metastasis. In multiple logistic regression analysis, lymphovascular invasion and NLR were found to be significantly correlated with LN metastasis (p = 0.002, 0.039). Conclusion: A higher pretreatment NLR was identified as a predictor of LN metastasis in endometrial cancers. Although further study is needed to confirm the results, NLR could be a candidate clinical marker for detection of LN metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The clinical significance of lymphocyte infiltration (LI) at the invasive front in endometrial carcinomas (EC) has not been determined. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the association between zone formation of LI at the invasive front of the tumor margin and prognoses of the patients with EC. Methods: All available pathological slides of the enrolled cases were reviewed, and the degree of LI at the invasive front was categorized into 2 groups: strong LI and weak LI. Clinical significance of LI was evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 333 cases with EC were enrolled in the study: 225 cases with weak LI and 108 cases with strong LI. Weak LI was more frequently observed in the patients with grade1/2 endometrioid EC. Multivariate analyses for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) revealed that weak LI was identified as an independent worse prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.004) in addition to PFS (p = 0.022). Conclusion: Weak LI at the invasive front of the tumor margin was associated with worse prognoses in EC. Although further studies are needed, it is suggested that LI could be a biomarker of prognoses in EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐acylisoxazolines has been developed using alcohols and α‐nitro ketones in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2. The alcohols and α‐nitro ketones are initially converted into alkenes and nitrile oxides, respectively, and then react with one another to give 3‐acylisoxazolines. This procedure, using alcohols, gave the desired dihydroisoxazoles more effectively than the conventional procedure using alkenes as starting materials. The reaction proceeded through three pathways depending on the type of alcohol used; reactions between nitrile oxides and (I) endo and exo alkenes, (II) dimerized alkenes and (III) single alkenes. Most of the reactions proceeded efficiently and gave the corresponding 3‐acylisoxazolines in good to excellent yield. Three types of reactions between nitrile oxides and (I) endo and exo alkenes, (II) dimerized alkenes, and (III) single alkenes, in which all the alkenes were generated in situ by NaHSO4/SiO2 are presented. This procedure allowed the concomitant generation of both nitrile oxides and alkenes in a single reaction vessel, gave higher yields for the expected isoxazoline products than the conventional method using alkenes as the starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of 3‐acylisoxazolines has been developed using alcohols and α‐nitro ketones in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2. The alcohols and α‐nitro ketones are initially converted into alkenes and nitrile oxides, respectively, and then react with one another to give 3‐acylisoxazolines. This procedure, using alcohols, gave the desired dihydroisoxazoles more effectively than the conventional procedure using alkenes as starting materials. The reaction proceeded through three pathways depending on the type of alcohol used; reactions between nitrile oxides and (I) endo and exo alkenes, (II) dimerized alkenes and (III) single alkenes. Most of the reactions proceeded efficiently and gave the corresponding 3‐acylisoxazolines in good to excellent yield. Three types of reactions between nitrile oxides and (I) endo and exo alkenes, (II) dimerized alkenes, and (III) single alkenes, in which all the alkenes were generated in situ by NaHSO4/SiO2 are presented. This procedure allowed the concomitant generation of both nitrile oxides and alkenes in a single reaction vessel, gave higher yields for the expected isoxazoline products than the conventional method using alkenes as the starting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway has been reported to have critical roles in several solid tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlation between JAK2/STAT3 activation and clinicopathological parameters in ovarian cancer types. Tissue microarrays made from the patients treated at the National Defense Medical College Hospital between 1984 and 2008 were evaluated using immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings. Medical charts of these patients including IHC results were retrospectively analyzed, and prognostic factors for progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated. Among 341 enrolled patients, positive expression of p-STAT3 was observed in 95 cases (28%). Positive p-STAT3 was an independent worse prognostic factor for overall survival in all the cases. Additionally, p-STAT3 expression was related with overall survival in patients with clear-cell histology, but not in serous histology. The effect of an inhibitor of STAT3, niclosamide, was evaluated in ovarian clear-cell cancer cells, and niclosamide treatment decreased expression of p-STAT3, leading to increased apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway had significant impact on survival of ovarian cancers, especially for the cases with clear-cell histology. Although further analyses are needed, suppression of this pathway could be a candidate for the treatment of ovarian cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of an irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT) and nedaplatin (N) combination therapy for recurrent and refractory endometrial carcinoma, administered based on UGT1A1 genotype.Methods: Between 2009 and 2017, 21 patients who received CPT-N therapy for recurrent endometrial carcinoma as second- or third-line chemotherapy at our hospital were identified. The CPT-N regimen included 40-70 mg/m2 of CPT-11 on days 1, 8, and 15, and 50 mg/m2 of nedaplatin on day 1, q4 weeks.Results: The median patient age was 63 years. The number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens ranged from 1 to 2. Two patients had prior pelvic irradiation. The response rate [ratio of complete remission (CR) to partial remission (PR)] of CPT-N therapy was 3 of 21 (14.3%), and clinical benefit rate (CBR) [the combined percentages of CR, PR, and stable disease (SD)] was 9 of 21 (42.8%). Toxicities included grade 3 neutropenia [4 (19.0%) cases], grade 3 febrile neutropenia [2 (9.5%) cases], and grade 3 diarrhea [3 (14.3%) cases]; all resolved with conservative treatment. Patients with a wild-type UGT1A1 status received higher doses of CPT-11 (p = 0.048) and had similar RR and CBR compared to those with a UGT1A1*6 and *28 status. There were no significant differences in frequencies of hematological or non-hematological toxicities, regardless of UGT1A1 status.Conclusions: The CPT-N regimen for recurrent and refractory endometrial carcinoma had tolerable side effects and significant efficacy. This regimen is a viable treatment option for endometrial carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-temperature-required protein A2 (HtrA2) is one of the serine proteases related to apoptosis. HtrA2 protein expression has been associated with cisplatin resistance and poor prognosis in ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (SAC). The aim of this study was to understand the influence of HtrA2 on repeated treatment with cisplatin. The change in HtrA2 expression in 31 ovarian cancers was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis, before and after cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and the association between HtrA2 expression after chemotherapy and prognosis was analyzed. The association between the change in HtrA2 and proteins associated with LATS1 in ovarian serous cancer cell lines after repeated treatment with cisplatin was evaluated in vitro. In immunohistochemical analysis, repeated cisplatin treatment induced downregulation of HtrA2 protein expression, before and after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in SAC. Progression-free survival and overall survival of SAC with low expression of HtrA2 were worse than those with high expression. In vitro analysis using cisplatin-sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines, KF28, and cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines, KFr13, obtained from KF28 by repeated cisplatin treatment, showed that HtrA2 protein expression was lower in KFr13 than in KF28. Furthermore, KFr13 had a higher invasive capacity than KF28. Next, downregulation of HtrA2 transfected with an HtrA2-specific siRNA in KF28 had not only cisplatin resistance, but also more invasive capacity than those with non-specific siRNA. Repeated treatment with cisplatin downregulated the HtrA2 protein, which led to cisplatin resistance and increased invasive capacity. Thus, HtrA2 might be a biomarker of response to cisplatin treatment and prognosis, after cisplatin-based chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Most of the endometrial carcinomas are detected in early stages and have a better prognosis; however, predictive factors for recurrence have not been determined. Methods: Patients with grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma (EG1) according to the 2014 WHO criteria at FIGO 2009 stage IA that were identified through scanning medical charts were included, and we assessed whether the presence of uterine serous carcinoma (SC) component which comprised less than 5% of the total volume using the ovarian two-tiered grading system could be a recurrent risk factor in these patients. Results: Among 126 cases which met inclusion criteria, 12 cases had SC. SC tumors were divided into 2 groups: SC resembling high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) and SC resembling low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC). Five (3.9%) cases had HGSC and 7 (5.6%) cases had LGSC. Recurrence was observed in 3 of all cases (2.3%): 2 cases with HGSC, and 1 case with LGSC. Regarding several clinicopathological factors, only the presence of SC was associated with recurrence. The sensitivity and specificity to predict recurrence using this system were 100 and 93%, respectively. Conclusion: The identification of SC using the ovarian two-tiered grading system could be an accurate predictor of recurrence in stage IA EG1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess whether hysterectomy with wider resection could improve survival by preventing local recurrence. Methods: Medical charts of the patients with clinical stage I/II endometrial cancers treated at our hospital between 1990 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse effects according to the type of hysterectomy. Results: A total of 247 patients were identified: 46 patients treated with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH group) and 201 patients with modified radical hysterectomy (mRH group). No significant differences were observed in OS (p = 0.52) and PFS (p = 0.67) between the two groups. Also, there was no significant difference in the distribution of recurrent sites between the two groups. The patients treated with mRH had a longer operation time and more frequently developed severe adverse events, such as blood loss and lymphedema. Conclusion: In our cohorts, there were no significant differences in both PFS and OS according to surgical procedures, and the mRH group more frequently developed severe adverse events. Overall, clinical benefit was not obtained by mRH in patients with clinical stage I/II endometrial carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and efficient method for the activation of the C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond was developed. The C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond in 3- benzhydryl pentane-2,4-dione was easily cleaved in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 to form benzhydryl cation which reacted with aromatic compounds at 110 °C for five to six hours to afford triarylmethanes in good yields. This reaction using Brønsted acids was applicable for the alkylation of electron-rich aromatics containing alkyl halides as a side chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of α-functionalized amide from alcohols and nitriles in the presence of silica gel supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4/SiO2). For example, benzhydrol was allowed to react with bromoacetonitrile in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 in 1,2-dichloroethane to yield N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-bromoacetamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of α-functionalized amide from alcohols and nitriles in the presence of silica gel supported sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4/SiO2). For example, benzhydrol was allowed to react with bromoacetonitrile in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 in 1,2-dichloroethane to yield N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-bromoacetamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 4H-chromenes from o-hydroxybenzylic alcohols and dicarbonyl compounds containing active methylene groups by using silica gel supported sodium bisulfate. Various dicarbonyl compounds such as diketones, keto esters, and keto amides can be used in the synthesis of the 4H-chromenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient method for the conversion of carbonyl compounds to oxathioacetals and dithioacetals using SA/SiO2 as an acid catalyst has been achieved. SA/SiO2 is easily recovered from the reaction mixture and can be reused at least 15 times without loss of catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Simple and efficient procedure for alkylation of aromatics from alcohols in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 was developed. Various triaryl methanes were obtained in good yields in short reaction time. For instance the reaction of mesitylene with benzhydrol in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2 gave the corresponding triaryl methane in a quantitative yield. NaHSO4/SiO2 was regenerated by simple treatment and could be recycled eight times without activity loss. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]