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1. Description of a Current Outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the United States

Author

Anupama Raghuram, Stephen Furmanek, Thomas Chandler, Salwa Rashid, William Mattingly, and Julio Ramirez

Subjects
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respiratory illness, disease surveillance, pneumonia, Medicine
Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a significant decline in Mycoplasma pneumoniae was observed; however, M. pneumoniae re-emerged globally in 2023. Here, we describe a current outbreak of M. pneumoniae infections in the United States (US). More than 287 million patient records from all 50 states in the US were reviewed to identify patients with a M. pneumoniae diagnosis between 1 January 2017 and 30 September 2024. A c-chart was created by calculating the mean and standard error (SE) of cases during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period, with the upper control limit (UCL) set at 3 SE above the mean. The presence of an outbreak was defined as counts above the UCL. Cumulative excess cases were used to estimate the magnitude of the outbreak, and the fold increase was calculated. A US outbreak of M. pneumoniae began at the end of 2023, resulting in 9708 excess cases corresponding to a 9.0-fold increase over the baseline UCL. The outbreak is ongoing, affects both children and adults, and includes patients with M. pneumoniae community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization. This US outbreak of M. pneumoniae has significant implications for the management of patients with respiratory infections during the current pneumonia season.

Published
2025
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2. Potential role of intermittent fasting on decreasing cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus patients receiving antiretroviral therapy

Author

Celeste Díaz-Pardavé, Anupama Raghuram, Martin Gnoni, Renato Beas, Adrian Riva-Moscoso, Fortunato S Príncipe-Meneses, and Raúl Vásquez-Garagatti

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Human immunodeficiency virus, Mortality and morbidity, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Minireviews, Intermittent fasting, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, Cardiovascular disease, Antiretroviral therapy, Metabolism, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Morbidity, Mortality, business
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the commonest causes of comorbidity and mortality among People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Nearly 50% of PLWH are likely to have an increased risk of developing CVD, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease and aortic atherosclerosis. Aside from the common risk factors, HIV infection itself and side effects of antiretroviral therapy contribute to the pathophysiology of this entity. Potential non-pharmacological therapies are currently being tested worldwide for this purpose, including eating patterns such as Intermittent fasting (IF). IF is a widespread practice gaining high level of interest in the scientific community due to its potential benefits such as improvement in serum lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure (BP), platelet-derived growth factor AB, systemic inflammation, and carotid artery intima-media thickness among others cardiovascular benefits. This review will focus on exploring the potential role of intermittent fasting as a non-pharmacological and cost-effective strategy in decreasing the burden of cardiovascular diseases among HIV patients on ART due to its intrinsic properties improving the main cardiovascular risk factors and modulating inflammatory pathways related to endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and aging. Intermittent fasting regimens need to be tested in clinical trials as an important, cost-effective, and revolutionary coadjutant of ART in the fight against the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in PLWH. Revisión por pares

Published
2021

3. 793Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Influenza Pneumonia or Pneumonia Due to Other Etiologies

Author

Timothy L. Wiemken, Julio Ramirez, Daniel Curran, Paula Peyrani, Ruth Carrico, Jorge Perez San Juan, Raul Nakamatsu, Robert Kelley, Forest W Arnold, Lisandra Rodriguez Hernandez, James T. Summersgill, and Anupama Raghuram

Subjects
Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, INFLUENZA PNEUMONIA, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, IDWeek 2014 Abstracts, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Poster Abstracts, Etiology, medicine, In patient, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2014

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