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Our previous study has demonstrated that sulfated Chinese yam polysaccharide (SCYP) can improve immunomodulatory activity in Raw 264.7 cells. However, its anti‐inflammatory is little known. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory effects of SCYP were systematically investigated via the Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced Raw264.7 cell model, Caco‐2/Raw264.7 co‐culture system, and acute inflammation mice model. The results suggested SCYP promoted the cell proliferation and have no toxicity in Raw264.7 and Caco‐2 cells at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. Moreover, when treated with SCYP, the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) reduced significantly in Raw264.7 via the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. In the Caco‐2/Raw264.7 co‐cultured system, SCYP could regulate inflammation reaction by improving intestinal barrier, which might prevent systemic inflammation. Further, systemic inflammation was alleviated by SCYP in LPS‐induced acute inflammation mice through MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. Practical Application: These results supported that SCYP may be used as an anti‐inflammation agent in the functional food field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inula britannica is a traditional Chinese medicine that possesses various pharmacological effects, including expectorant, cough suppressant, and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical investigation of I. britannica resulted in the isolation of a pair of novel thymols, (8 S ,9 S)-inulabritanthymol A (1a) and (8 R ,9 R)-inulabritanthymol A (1b), and a new thymol inulabritanthymol B (2) as well as five known thymols (3 − 7). Their structures were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 5 – 7 showed inhibitory potentials toward NO production, and their IC 50 values were 6.39, 5.80, and 8.53 μM, respectively. Molecular docking indicated the interaction of compound 6 with iNOS. These findings demonstrated that thymols served as potential candidates for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. [Display omitted] • Inulabritanthymols A and B were isolated from Inula britannica. • 8,10-dihydroxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol displayed an anti-inflammatory effect. • The interaction of 8,10-dihydroxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol with iNOS was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive inflammatory results, such as those seen in rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular diseases, are known to cause various complications. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether heat-killed Latilactobacillus sakei CNS001WB and Lactobacillus pentosus WB693 can prevent inflammatory reactions. When LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were handled with either heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB or Lact. pentosus WB693, the production of nitric oxide reduced. Furthermore, the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, was suppressed. The expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which play important roles in inflammatory diseases, especially arthritis, was also reduced. Moreover, these strains inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which activate various cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Additionally, heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB and Lact. pentosus WB693 inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Based on these results, we concluded that heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB and Lact. pentosus WB693 sufficiently inhibited the inflammatory response and may have anti-inflammatory potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five Australian seaweed species, Phyllosphora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Durvillaea potatorum, Sargassum fallax, and Cystophora siliquosa, thrive along the country's shorelines. Some of these seaweeds have recognized health benefits but have not been fully investigated in terms of their bioactive components and mechanisms of action. We employed ultrasonication with 70% methanol to extract phenolic compounds from these seaweeds and investigated a range of bioactivities for these extracts, including anti‐inflammatory activity exploring urease inhibition, nitric oxide scavenging activity, protein denaturation inhibition, and protease inhibition. Anti‐diabetic activities were investigated using α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition assays. Anti‐proliferative and anti‐mitotic activities were evaluated using yeast‐cell and green‐gram models, respectively. Our findings showed that C. siliquosa inhibited nitric oxide, urease, and protease activities, with S. fallax, P. comosa, and E. radiata exhibiting substantial inhibition of protein denaturation. E. radiata displayed inhibitory effects on both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, whereas P. comosa targeted only the α‐glucosidase enzyme, indicating different mechanisms of anti‐diabetic activity. In these anti‐mitotic assays, C. siliquosa exhibited low cell viability and a significant anti‐proliferative effect, particularly within 24 h, while E. radiata demonstrated notable inhibition at 48 h. LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS investigation identified 48 phenolic compounds, including 19 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids, and 9 other polyphenols. The presence of these compounds in extracts correlated with observed biological activities. These results support the potential health benefits of these seaweeds and link this activity to the presence of bioactive phenolics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manihot esculenta (cassava) roots is a major food crop for its energy content. Leaves contain nutrients and demonstrate biological properties but remain undervalorized. In order to develop a bioguided optimization of cassava nutrition–health properties, we compared the phytochemistry and bioactive potential of cassava root flour extract (CF) with cassava flour extract enriched with 30% leaves powder (CFL). Cassava flour supplementation impact was explored on flour composition (starch, fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds), in vivo glycemic index, and bioactivity potential using macrophage cells. We assessed the impact of cassava flour supplementation on free radicals scavenging and cellular production of pro-inflammatory mediators. CFL showed higher levels of fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and lower glycemic index. Significantly higher bioactive properties (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) were recorded, and inhibition of cytokines production has been demonstrated as a function of extract concentration. Overall, our results indicate that enrichment of cassava flour with leaves significantly enhances its nutrition–health and bioactive potential. This bioguided matrix recombination approach may be of interest to provide prophylactic and therapeutic dietary strategy to manage malnutrition and associated chronic non-communicable diseases characterized by low-grade inflammation and unbalanced redox status. It would also promote a more efficient use of available food resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a propolis–mangosteen extract complex (PMEC) on gingival health in patients with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. A multicentered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 104 subjects receiving either PMEC or placebo for eight weeks was conducted. The primary focus was on the changes in inflammatory biomarkers from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), with clinical parameters as secondary outcomes. The results revealed that the PMEC group showed a significantly reduced expression of all measured GCF biomarkers compared to the placebo group (p < 0.0001) at 8 weeks, including substantial reductions in IL-1β, PGE2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels compared to the baseline. While clinical parameters trended towards improvement in both groups, the intergroup differences were not statistically significant. No significant adverse events were reported, indicating a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that PMEC consumption can attenuate gingival inflammation and mitigate periodontal tissue destruction by modulating key inflammatory mediators in gingival tissue. Although PMEC shows promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for supporting gingival health, the discrepancy between biomarker improvements and clinical outcomes warrants further investigation to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential in periodontal health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible fungus polysaccharides have garnered significant attention from scholars due to their safety and potential anti-inflammatory activity. However, comprehensive summaries of their anti-inflammatory properties are still rare. This paper provides a detailed overview of the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of these polysaccharides, as well as their impact on inflammationrelated diseases. Additionally, the relationship between their structure and antiinflammatory activity is discussed. It is believed that this review will greatly enhance the understanding of the application of edible fungus polysaccharides in anti-inflammatory treatments, thereby significantly promoting the development and utilization of edible fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an arthritic model produced by Complete Freund's adjuvant, the purpose was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride alone and in combination. Amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride groups displayed significant improvements in body weight, paw volume, motility test and stair climbing ability. Blood analysis indicated that amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride could modulate RBC, WBC, platelet levels and hemoglobin levels. X-ray radiography demonstrated reduced joint space and increased radiodensity in the disease control, which improved with amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride groups. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced tissue damage in the treated groups in comparsion to disease control. Moreover, amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride treatment significantly reduced TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-17 levels, with betaine hydrochloride having the most pronounced effect. Intriguingly, betaine hydrochloride effectively suppressed NF-kB activity in the tissue homogenate. Amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride, whether administered alone or in combination, exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory and protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by periodontopathogenic bacteria. The excessive immune response caused by persistent bacterial infection leads to alveolar bone resorption and ultimately tooth loss. Cardamonin is a biologically active substance that is found in the Zingiberaceae family, such as Alpinia zerumbet, and is classified as a natural chalcone. There have been no attempts to use cardamonin for the treatment of periodontitis, and no reports have examined the effects of cardamonin on periodontal tissue component cells. The aim of this study was to analyze effects of cardamonin on expression of inflammation mediators produced by TNFα-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), including its effects on signal transduction molecules. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by ELISA. Protein expression in HPDLCs and activations of signal transduction pathway were determined by Western blotting. Our results indicate that cardamonin suppresses C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL20, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, and interleukin (IL)-6 production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in TNF-α-stimulated HPDLCs. In addition, cardamonin induced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme, Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1, in HPDLCs. Furthermore, cardamonin suppressed TNF-α-stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways in HPDLCs. We show that cardamonin reduces inflammatory mediator production by inhibiting the activation of several signaling pathways in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotic administration can be an effective treatment against intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of spores isolated from probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis natto and Bacillus coagulans Hammer on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human colon epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The viability of HT-29 cells treated with spores derived from B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer (MOI 10, 100, 1000), as well as LPS (10 µg/ml) was assessed. The anti-inflammatory effects of spores were examined on HT-29 cells that were pre-stimulated with LPS. The expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 genes in HT-29 cells was quantified after 24 h using RT-qPCR. Results: There was no significant reduction in the viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to LPS and various MOIs of probiotic spores. Stimulation of HT-29 cells with LPS significantly increased the expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 in comparison to control (P < 0.0001). Spores isolated from both probiotic strains, B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer, caused a significant reduction in the gene expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in HT-29 cells compared to LPS control (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that probiotics-derived spores may exert anti-inflammatory effects through interference with the LPS signaling pathway in colon cancer HT-29 cell line.

Laurus nobilis L. is commonly used in folk medicine in the form of infusion or decoction to treat gastrointestinal diseases and flatulence as a carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, the essential oil (EO) composition of wild-grown L. nobilis L. leaves collected from seven different altitudinal locations in the Molise region and adjacent regions (Abruzzo and Campania) was investigated. EOs from the leaves were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and 78 compounds were identified. The major oil components were 1,8-cineol (43.52–31.31%), methyl-eugenol (14.96–4.07%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.00–8.51%), linalool (11.72–1.08%), sabinene (10.57–4.85%), α-pinene (7.41–3.61%), eugenol (4.12–1.97%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.33–1.25%). Chemometric techniques have been applied to compare the chemical composition. To shed light on the nutraceutical properties of the main hydrophobic secondary metabolites (≥1.0%) of laurel EOs, we assessed the in vitro antioxidant activities based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity and the reducing antioxidant power by using a ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Furthermore, we highlighted the anti-inflammatory effects of seven EOs able to interfere with the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a key enzyme in the arachidonic acid cascade, in concentrations ranging from 16.5 ± 4.3 to 8062.3 ± 580.9 mg/mL. Thanks to in silico studies, we investigated and rationalized the observed anti-inflammatory properties, ascribing the inhibitory activity toward the disclosed target to the most abundant volatile phytochemicals (≥1.0%) of seven EOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new chromone derivative, aspergione A (1), along with seven known metabolites, was isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, Aspergillus sp. GXNU-B1, which was collected from mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius L. Their structures and the absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated based on the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD calculation. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on the production of nitricoxide (NO). Compounds 1 and 8 have potent inhibitory effects against NO production in activated macrophages with IC50 values of 38.26 and 44.30 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe preliminary study revealed that the ethyl acetate eluate of Youngia japonica (YJ-E) could inhibit the expression of key proteins of p-p65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα/β, and p-AKT in LPS stimulated BV2 cell. Further phytochemical study led to the isolation of eight compounds from YJ-E, including one new sesquiterpene lactone. Their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic data, and comparing the NMR data of known compound. In addition, all of the isolates were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, compounds 3 and 4 distinctly attenuated the expressions of p-IκBα, p-p65, and p-AKT in LPS stimulated BV2 cell, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of cancer treatment is to ensure that the drug reaches the tumor tissue and to reduce the side effects of the drug. This study was conducted to synthesize a novel nanostructured lipid carrier modified with chitosan-folate to deliver diltiazem to cancer cell lines and to evaluate its anticancer effect. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) methods were used to characterize the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity effect on cancer cell lines variants was measured. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the induction of apoptosis. The inflammatory effects were evaluated by molecular analysis, and the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods were used to measure the antioxidant power of the nanoparticles. The results reported the mean of the real and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles as 87.7 and 249 nm, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency of diltiazem was reported to be 86.6%. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the breast cancer cells were more sensitive to treatment, with a median concentration of 33.5µg/ml. Additionally, the nanoparticle treatment led to the arrest of cells in the SubG1 phase while increasing the expression of caspases 3 and 9, which indicates the activation of the internal pathway of apoptosis. Additionally, the increase in the expression of interleukins 6 and 10 suggests an effect of the nanoparticles on inflammation. In addition, the ability to inhibit 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals with an average concentration of 577, which is more significant than 1000 µg/ml, and the ability of the nanoparticles to reduce iron ions confirmed the antioxidant effect of diltiazem-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. These results suggest that the nanoparticles have an excellent potential to treat breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous previable rupture of membranes complicates approximately 0.4–0.7% of pregnancies and is associated with severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Intra-amniotic inflammation is present in up to 94.4% of cases, most often caused by a bacterial infection. In comparison, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in its eradication reaches less than 17%. Inflammatory activity in the amniotic cavity disrupts the physiological development of the fetus with an increase in maternal, fetal, and neonatal inflammatory morbidity through the development of fetal inflammatory response syndrome, maternal chorioamnionitis, and neonatal sepsis. Amniopatch is an invasive therapeutic technique based on intra-amniotic administration of maternal hemoderivates in the form of thromboconcentrate and plasma cryoprecipitate to provide the temporary closure of the fetal membranes defect and secondary restitution of normohydramnios with correction of pressure–volume ratios. The supposed basis of this physical–mechanical action is the aggregation of coagulant components of amniopatch in the area of the defect with the formation of a valve cap. The background for the formulation of the hypothesis on the potential anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory action of non-coagulant components of amniopatch involved: i) clinical–academic and publishing outputs of the authors based on their many years' experience with amniopatch application in the treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes (2008–2019), ii) the documented absence of clinically manifested chorioamnionitis in patients treated this way with a simultaneously reduced incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome compared to expectant management (tocolysis, corticotherapy, antibiotic therapy). The non-coagulant components of plasma cryoprecipitate include mainly naturally occurring isohemagglutinins, albumin, and soluble plasma fibrinogen. Although these components of the amniopatch have not been attributed a significant therapeutic role, the authors assume that due to their opsonizing and aggregative properties, they can significantly participate in optimizing the intrauterine environment through the reduction in bacterial and cytokine charge in the amniotic fluid. The authors think these facts constitute a vital stimulus to future research–academic activity and, at the same time, an idea for reconsidering the therapeutic role of amniopatch as a tool for improving perinatal results of spontaneous previable ruptures of membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotic administration can be an effective treatment against intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of spores isolated from probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis natto and Bacillus coagulans Hammer on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human colon epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The viability of HT-29 cells treated with spores derived from B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer (MOI 10, 100, 1000), as well as LPS (10 µg/ml) was assessed. The anti-inflammatory effects of spores were examined on HT-29 cells that were pre-stimulated with LPS. The expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 genes in HT-29 cells was quantified after 24 h using RT-qPCR. Results: There was no significant reduction in the viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to LPS and various MOIs of probiotic spores. Stimulation of HT-29 cells with LPS significantly increased the expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 in comparison to control (P < 0.0001). Spores isolated from both probiotic strains, B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer, caused a significant reduction in the gene expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in HT-29 cells compared to LPS control (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that probiotics-derived spores may exert anti-inflammatory effects through interference with the LPS signaling pathway in colon cancer HT-29 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of Bacillus subtilis P223 which is known to have probiotic properties. B. subtilis P223 that had been killed by heat in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, it inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Heat-killed B. subtilis P223 also inhibited the expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB cellular signaling pathway, and it showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction. In DPPH, ABTS, and SOD assay, B. subtilis P223 showed a high antioxidant capacity, and inhibited the growth of skin related pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. This study therefore demonstrated the various functional properties of B. subtilis P223 as probiotics, and suggested the potential for its application as functional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been utilised to treat a wide range of illnesses. Research on the therapeutic effects of various plant parts has a lot of promise. The biological activity of Calotropis procera roots, stem, leaves, and fruits are well-known. The plant Calotropis procera exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The current study demonstrated the sub-acute toxicity, phytochemical screening, and anti-inflammatory properties of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera leaves. For 14 days, the extract's acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) was studied in Wistar rats. The established test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical constituents. The Folins Ciocalteau reagent and the aluminium chloride method were used for the quantitative measurement of flavonoids and phenolics, respectively. Alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids were all found by phytochemical study. The extract of Calotropis procera has a total phenolic content of 0.475 mg/100 mg, which was followed by flavonoids (0.689 mg/100 mg). Up to 2000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract did not have any harmful effects. In a dosedependent way, the hydroalcoholic extract of Calotropis procera (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the inflammation in rats caused by formalin and carrageenan. Calotropis procera hydroalcoholic extract has potent anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising source of anti-inflammatory chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whey protein's impact on insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model. Pregnant mice were fed high-fat diets, and male pups continued this diet until 8 weeks old, then were split into high-fat, whey, and casein diet groups. At 12 weeks old, their body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood insulin level (IRI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver lipid metabolism gene expression, and liver metabolites were compared. The whey group showed significantly lower body weight than the casein group at 12 weeks old (p = 0.034). FBG was lower in the whey group compared to the high-fat diet group (p < 0.01) and casein group (p = 0.058); IRI and HOMA-IR were reduced in the whey group compared to the casein group (p = 0.02, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and hormone-sensitive lipase were upregulated in the whey group compared to the casein group (p < 0.01, p = 0.03). Metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of taurine and glycine, both known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, were upregulated in the whey group in the liver tissue (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). The intake of whey protein was found to improve insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of boric acid (BA) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats, evaluating its biochemical and histopathological therapeutic effects. A KOA rat model was induced by injecting monosodium iodoacetate into the knee joint. Random assignment was performed for the experimental groups as follows: group-1(control), group-2(KOA control), group-3 (BA:4 mg/kg, orally), group-4(BA:10 mg/kg, orally), group-5(BA:4 mg/kg, intra-articularly), and group-6(BA:10 mg/kg, intra-articularly). The rats received 100 µL of BA intra-articularly on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 or 1 mL orally once a day (5 days/week) for 4 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on knee joint samples using specific antibodies for IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2). Group-2 exhibited higher serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity than group-1 (P < 0.05). However, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity were lower in all treatment groups than in group-2, with statistically significant reductions observed in groups-4, 5, and 6. Histopathologically, group-2 displayed joint space narrowing, cartilage degeneration, and deep fissures. Groups-5 and 6 demonstrated significant joint space enlargement, articular cartilage tissue regeneration, and immunostaining patterns similar to those in group-1. Immunohistochemically, group-2 showed significant increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and NOS-2 expression. However, all treatment groups exhibited reductions in these expression levels compared to group-2, with statistically significant decreases observed in groups-5 and 6 (P < 0.01). BA shows potential efficacy in reducing inflammation in experimental KOA model in rats. It may be a promising therapeutic agent for KOA, warranting further clinical studies for validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts from medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment and prevention of different diseases. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a Balkan endemic species with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics; however, its phytochemical composition is not well defined. Here, we examined the metabolome of M. frivaldszkyana by chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were the primary metabolites with the highest levels in the plant extract. Detailed analysis of the sugar content identified high levels of sucrose, glucose, mannose, and fructose. Lipids are primary plant metabolites, and the analysis revealed triacylglycerols as the most abundant lipid group. Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) were the elements with the highest content. The results showed linarin, 3-caffeoil-quinic acid, and rosmarinic acid, as well as a number of polyphenols, as the most abundant secondary metabolites. Among the flavonoids and polyphenols with a high presence were eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin—compounds widely known for their bioactive properties. Further, the acute toxicity and potential anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract were evaluated in Wistar rats. No toxic effects were registered after a single oral application of the extract in doses of between 200 and 5000 mg/kg bw. A fourteen-day pre-treatment with methanolic extract of M. frivaldszkyana in doses of 250, 400, and 500 mg/kg bw induced anti-inflammatory activity in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after carrageenan injection in a model of rat paw edema. This effect was also present in the 4th hour only in the group treated with a dose of 500 mg/kg. In conclusion, M. frivaldszkyana extract is particularly rich in linarin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids (eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin). Its methanolic extract induced no toxicity in male Wistar rats after oral application in doses of up to 5000 mg/kg bw. Additionally, treatment with the methanolic extract for 14 days revealed anti-inflammatory potential in a model of rat paw edema on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after the carrageenan injection. These results show the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant, which might be considered for further exploration and eventual application as a phytotherapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Our previous study found that glycation with uronic acid‐type reducing sugar enhanced the anti‐inflammatory effect of fish myofibrillar protein (Mf) via the Maillard reaction, and the molecular mechanism of enhanced anti‐inflammatory effect was investigated in this study. Mf was glycated with various reducing sugars at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity. After pepsin‐trypsin digestion, the anti‐inflammatory effects were evaluated by assessing secretions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and expressions of LPS‐stimulated signalling pathway‐related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mf glycated with uronic acid‐type reducing sugars: glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid and alginate oligosaccharide, suppressed expression of cd14 and further suppressed expressions of tlr4 and myd88 comparing with intact and glycated Mf with glucose and galactose. Furthermore, uronic acid‐glycated Mf significantly suppressed expressions and secretions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate that uronic acid‐type glycation enhances anti‐inflammatory effect of Mf by attenuating expression of cd14 and enhancing the Mf‐induced suppression in TLR4‐MyD88‐dependent inflammatory signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents an advancement in the field of composite material engineering, focusing on the synthesis of composite materials derived from porous hydroxyapatite via surface modification employing cucurbit[n]urils, which are highly promising macrocyclic compounds. The surface modification procedure entailed the application of cucurbit[n]urils in an aqueous medium onto the hydroxyapatite surface. A comprehensive characterization of the resulting materials was undertaken, employing analytical techniques including infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the materials were subjected to rigorous evaluation for their hemolytic effect, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity. Remarkably, the findings revealed a notable absence of typical hemolytic effects in materials incorporating surface-bound cucurbit[n]urils. This observation underscores the potential of these modified materials as biocompatible alternatives. Notably, this discovery presents a promising avenue for the fabrication of resilient and efficient biocomposites, offering a viable alternative to conventional approaches. Furthermore, these findings hint at the prospect of employing supramolecular strategies involving encapsulated cucurbit[n]urils in analogous processes. This suggests a novel direction for further research, potentially unlocking new frontiers in material engineering through the exploitation of supramolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects of methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae). Methods: The methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua pulp was obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Xylene (20 µL) induced ear inflammation administered intraperitoneally and HCl/ethanol solution (1 mL) induced gastric ulceration administered intra-gastrically were used to induce inflammation and gastric ulcer, respectively. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Furthermore, eighteen rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into 4 groups. Control group received (10 mL/kg of saline), Ceratonia siliqua group received (250 and 500 mg/kg), and other groups received diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg; p,o), and omeprazole (30 mg/kg; p,o). Phytochemical screening was carried out by following standard procedures. The percentage of inhibition, pH, and ulceration index were measured using pH metric titration and degree of ulceration. The antioxidant capacity was determined in vitro using radical DPPH scavenging and FRAP assays. Results: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinones and sterols. Acute toxicity assessment showed that methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua has a DL50 higher than 5 g/kg. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the percentage inflammation and ulceration index in both assays in comparison to control groups, these effects were comparable to those observed in reference drugs. The extract possessed a strong antioxidant capacity with low IC50. Conclusion: Ceratonia siliqua extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties. Standardization of Ceratonia siliqua extract will be required for the development of lead molecules against ulcers and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minocycline is an FDA-approved secondary-generation tetracycline antibiotic. It is a synthetic antibiotic having many biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective functions. This study discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic effects of minocycline. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathways by which minocycline acts on the different cancers, including ovarian, breast, glioma, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, prostate, melanoma, head and neck, leukemia, and non-cancer diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Huntington, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronavirus disease 19. Minocycline may be a potential medication for these disorders due to its strong blood–brain barrier penetrance. It is also widely accepted as a specific medication, has a well-known side-effect characteristic, is reasonably priced, making it appropriate for continuous use in managing diseases, and has been demonstrated as an oral approach because it is effectively absorbed and accomplished almost all of the body's parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) are attracting increasing attention in the biomedical field due to their unique properties, such as antibacterial activity, free radical scavenging potential, optical properties, biocompatibility, and non‐toxicity. Ethylenediamine passivated SQDs (ED‐SQDs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Cytotoxicity evaluation of ED‐SQDs on RAW264.7 cells showed more than 90% cell viability even at 500 μg/mL of ED‐SQDs, with an established IC50 value of 880.9 μg/mL. In addition, ED‐SQDs showed potent antioxidant activity in vitro, effectively scavenging ABTS and DPPH free radicals at concentrations below 100 μg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. ED‐SQD reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, lowered pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inactivated LPS‐activated STAT3. In addition, ED‐SQD increased nuclear NRF2 and the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in LPS‐stimulated cells. These results reveal the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential of ED‐SQDs at non‐toxic concentrations, providing evidence for their potential anti‐inflammatory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mannose-rich exopolysaccharide EPS B3-15, produced by the thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, was previously reported to possess promising potentialities as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, and in preventing the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, EPS B3-15 was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced macrophages and the ability to contrast the adhesion of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae as pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract. Without affecting the macrophages viability, the EPS at low concentration (300 μg/mL) significantly downregulated the gene expression of iNOS and the consequent NO generation, and it also decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the EPS reduced the adhesion of Str. pneumoniae (47 %) more efficiently than K. pneumoniae (38 %), due to its ability to modify the abiotic surfaces properties and alter the charges of bacterial-cell surface of Gram-positive more than Gram-negative. As able to reduce the inflammatory responses in macrophage cells and simultaneously prevent biofilm-related to the respiratory tract infections, EPS B3-15 could have potential use as nasal spray with anti-inflammatory action and surface-coating agent for medical devices.

ABSTRACT: Over 10,000 metric-ton broiler livers are produced annually in Taiwan. Concerning unpleasant odor and healthy issue, broiler livers are not attractive to consumers. Although the patented chicken-liver hydrolysates (CLHs) through pepsin digestion possess several biofunctionalities, there is no study on hepatoprotection of CLH-based formula capsule (GBHP01) against binge drinking (Whiskey, 50% Alc./Vol.). GBHP01 led to an accelerated blood-alcohol clearance in rats, as evidenced by lowering blood-alcohol increment within 0 to 4 h, increasing blood-alcohol decrement within 4 to 8 h, and smaller blood alcohol concentration areas under the curve (BAC AUC) in the 8-h period (p < 0.05). The ameliorative effects of GBHP01 against binge drinking in rats over 6 wk were attributed to accelerated alcohol metabolism by further increasing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities while downregulating cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression, elevating antioxidant capacity, decreasing zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein decrement and serum endotoxin, and reducing inflammation related protein levels, that is, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and proinflammatory cytokines. The development of CLH supplements could not only enhance the added value of broiler livers through nutraceutical development but also offer a strategy to maximize the utilization of poultry processing residues, as shown in this study.

Delayed wound healing in skin burn injuries is common owing to inhibition of proliferation caused by excessive inflammation, necrosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Gold nanoclusters modified with lipoic acid (AuNCs) exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a murine burn healing model. However, the impact of the AuNCs on dermal cell proliferation and granulation tissue formation remains unclear. We therefore examined their effects on dermal cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and the signaling pathways involved. AuNCs were combined with a silk fibroin scaffold and tested in a mouse burn model and human dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Combined with the silk fibroin scaffold, 50 nmol/L of AuNCs activated fibroblast differentiation, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, increasing granulation-tissue formation, reducing tissue necrosis and systemic inflammatory response, and improving wound healing in the model. The AuNCs increased PI3K/Akt signaling pathway phosphorylation in human dermal fibroblasts, upregulating protein expression of cyclin A, B, and CDK1, which participate in the G2/M cell cycle phase, ultimately promoting fibroblast proliferation. These findings support the beneficial effects of AuNCs on burn wound healing. We suggested that AuNCs on a silk fibroin scaffold or other vector is a potential clinical strategy for burn wound treatment.

Introduction: D-pinitol, a naturally occurring inositol, has diverse biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of d-pinitol in a chick model. Additionally, in silico studies were performed to evaluate the molecular interactions with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Methods: The tested groups received d-pinitol (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and the standard drugs celecoxib and ketoprofen (42 mg/kg) via oral gavage prior to formalin injection. Then, the number of licks was counted for the first 10 min, and the paw edema diameter was measured at 60, 90, and 120 min. Results and Discussion: The d-pinitol groups significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of paw licks and paw edema diameters, compared to negative control. When d-pinitol was combined with celecoxib, it reduced inflammatory parameters more effectively than the individual groups. The in silico study showed a promising binding capacity of d-pinitol with COX-2. Taken together, d-pinitol exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner, possibly through COX-2 interaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berteroin is a bioactive substance classified as an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, arugula, and salad leaves. In this study, we aimed to determine whether berteroin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), a resident cells of periodontal tissue. Berteroin suppressed interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced chemokines (C–C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL20, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, IL-8, and IL-6) production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression in HPDLCs. In addition, berteroin inhibited phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK)- α/ β, nuclear factor (NF)- κB p65, and IκB- α and degradation of IκB- α in the NF-κB pathway induced by IL-1 β or TNF- α stimulation. Moreover, berteroin could inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 phosphorylation in TNF- α -stimulated HPDLC. Furthermore, berteroin increased the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1, in IL-1 β or TNF- α -stimulated HPDLCs. These results suggest that berteroin may decrease the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, and may also decrease the local reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in periodontal lesions by increasing the production of antioxidant enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Topical delivery of medication is often considered to be the best choice due to benefits such as avoidance of gastric degradation, first pass metabolism along with effortless application and retrieval. In topical delivery, the types of the vehicles and the physicochemical characteristics of drug are the prime variables that control the drug release and the therapeutic efficacy. The main component of Boswellia, Boswellic Acid (BA), is assumed to be accountable for the majority of pharmacologic effects. Nanoemulgel combines the benefits of nano-emulsions and the gels. Materials and Methods: The present work carried out with an objective of formulation of topical nanoemulgel of boswellic acid containing carbopol 934 and liquid paraffin as oil base. Results: The prepared nanoemulgel characterized for the various parameters such as, in vitro, ex vivo permeation and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The optimized nanoemulsion consisted of carbopol 934 and surfactant mix ratio (tween 80:Span20::1:1), in 1, 1.5 and 2 % w/w. The in vitro, ex vivo permeation of BA from nanoemulgel were found to be 90±0.33% and 85.5±1.2% at 12 hr respectively. Conclusion: Topical application of BA nanoemulgel formulation significantly reduced the inflammation by reducing the serum IL-6 concentration compared with the arthritic rats. The research findings showed that BA nanoemulgel has the ability to increase penetration through the skin and produce an anti-inflammatory impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria generally release extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs), which are nanoparticles that play important roles in bacterial–bacterial and bacterial–host communication. As probiotics, lactic acid bacteria provide diverse health benefits to their hosts. In this study, we found that the Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum NBRC 15891 produce high amounts of MVs (LpMVs), and that LpMVs inhibit interleukin (IL)-8 production induced by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal epithelial HT29 cells. Heat- or UV-killed bacterial cells did not exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, and there was no uptake of these bacterial cells; contrarily, LpMVs were taken up into the cytoplasm of HT29 cells. Small RNAs extracted from LpMVs also suppressed IL-8 production in HT29 cells, suggesting that RNAs in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells are encapsulated in the MVs and released from the cells, which may be delivered to HT29 cells to exert their antiinflammatory effects. In addition, administration of LpMVs to mice with dextran sodium sulfateinduced colitis alleviated colitis-induced weight loss and colon length shortening, indicating that LpMV intake is likely to be effective in preventing or ameliorating colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In all mammals, the circulating pool of MLTs is synthesized in the pineal gland during the night's darkness hours. Its main function is synchronizing the organism in the photoperiod. In contrast, extra-pineal MLT is synthesized in peripheral organs, does not follow any circadian rhythm or circulate, and plays a detoxifying and cytoprotective role. Circulating MLT may stimulate both innate and acquired immune responses through its circadian action and by activating high-affinity receptors on immunocompetent cells. Extra-pineal MLT may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that dampen the innate immune response. These two seemingly divergent roles may be considered to be two sides of the same coin. In fact, the integration of both circulating and extra-pineal MLT functions might generate a balanced and effective immune response against microbial pathogens. The studies described in this review investigated the effects of exogenous MLT in various models of infectious diseases using extremely different doses and treatment schedules. None of them evaluated the possibility of integrating the non-circadian anti-inflammatory effect with the circadian immunoenhancing action of MLT. As a consequence, in spite of the fact that most studies agree that MLT has a beneficial effect against infections, it seems difficult to draw any definite conclusion about its possible therapeutic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitex agnus cactus and Cymbopogon nardus are widely used in traditional and conventional medicine as natural anti-inflammatory agents. Within this framework, the current study was undertaken to examine in vivo the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extracts of the leaves and seeds of V. agnus cactus and C. nardus. In this relation, aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves and fruits of V. agnus cactus and the leaves of C. nardus. The inflammatory process was induced using the carrageenan method. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves of V. agnus cactus exhibited the highest antioxidant content (80.22 ± 11.7 mg GAE/g for TPC, 72.14 ± 9 mg RE/g for TFC, 680 ± 19.6 mg QE/g for flavones and flavonols, 355.33 ± 23.36 mg AAE/g for TAC, 0.33 ± 0.04 mg/mL for IC50-DPPH, and 0.97 ± 0.04 mg/mL for EC50-FRAP) and anti-inflammatory effect with dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that these plants have the potential to alleviate pain and inflammation when used for therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anesthetic agents, particularly intravenous anesthetics, may affect immune function and tumorigenic factors. We herein investigated whether the anti‐inflammatory effects of anesthetic agents are attributed to their antioxidant properties. The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects of remimazolam, a new anesthetic, remain unclear. We hypothesized that remimazolam exerts anti‐inflammatory effects due to its antioxidant properties, which may affect the postoperative inflammatory response. This retrospective clinical study examined this hypothesis using laboratory and clinical approaches. Methods: The antioxidant effects of remimazolam and dexmedetomidine were assessed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, and postoperative inflammatory responses were compared in 143 patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement at Kindai University Hospital between April 2021 and December 2022. The primary endpoint was the presence or absence of the antioxidant effects of the anesthetics themselves using ESR. Results: Remimazolam at clinical concentrations exerted antioxidant effects, whereas dexmedetomidine did not. Increases in C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels on POD3 from preoperative values were significantly smaller in the remimazolam group than in the dexmedetomidine group (1.33 ± 1.29 vs. 2.17 ± 1.84, p =.014). Conclusions: Remimazolam exerted stronger anti‐inflammatory effects than dexmedetomidine, and these effects were enhanced by its antioxidant properties, which may have affected postoperative CRP production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular hydrogen, the smallest and lightest molecule, serves as an intense reducing agent. Its distinct characteristics, including minimal size and neutral charge, enhance bioavailability and facilitate significant biological effects. Previously considered physiologically inert, hydrogen has gained recognition as a powerful therapeutic agent, known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Electrolyzed hydrogen water (EHW), enriched with molecular hydrogen, demonstrates remarkable antioxidative capabilities, indicating potential benefits for various diseases. Inflammation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplify inflammation, leading to secondary oxidative stress and creating a crosstalk between ROS and inflammatory responses. This crosstalk contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of chronic diseases. EHW interrupts this crosstalk, reducing inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress across various disease models, suggesting therapeutic potential. EHW is also known for its anti-inflammatory effects, extending to pain management, as evidenced in models like sciatic nerve ligation and inflammatory pain. In an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) model, EHW effectively alleviates abdominal pain, mitigating 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, offering insights for clinical applications. Additionally, hydrogen selectively targets harmful radicals, and EHW intake helps balance stress-induced hormonal dysregulation, potentially easing disorders associated with chronic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by periodontal disease-causing bacteria. It has been shown that excessive immune response against bacteria is involved in periodontal tissue destruction including alveolar bone resorption. Erucin is a biologically active substance found in cruciferous plants such as arugula and is classified as an isothiocyanate. No previous studies have attempted to use erucin in the treatment of periodontitis, and there are no papers that have examined the effects of erucin on periodontal resident cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of erucin on the production of inflammatory and antioxidant mediators produced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated TR146 cells, an oral epithelial cell line, including its effects on signaling molecules. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by ELISA. Protein expression in TR146 cells and activations of signal transduction pathway were determined by Western blotting. Our results indicate that erucin suppresses interleukin-6 and CXC-chemokine ligand 10 production and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated TR146 cells. In addition, erucin induced the production of the antioxidant enzymes, Heme Oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 in TR146 cells. Furthermore, erucin suppressed TNF-α-stimulated nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription3, and phospho-70S6 Kinase–S6 ribosomal protein signaling pathways in TR146 cells. We have shown that erucin has anti-inflammatory effects on oral epithelial cells and also induces the production of antioxidant mediators. These results suggest that erucin may provide a new anti-inflammatory agent that can be used in the treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts its effect on erythroid cells through interaction with the EPO receptor (EPOR), the so-called "canonical pathway," and through a complex consisting of EPOR and the common cytokine receptor β subunit (CD131)—a noncanonical pathway for non-hematopoietic cells of the bodies of human beings and animals. The effect of EPO is realized through the initiation of a signaling cascade, which begins with phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and extends with the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase B (PI3K), Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT). EPO exerts a direct cytoprotective effect through increased expression of CD131 with subsequent antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in target cells. In addition to its use in the treatment of anemia, EPO is increasingly used in the correction of inflammatory and degenerative processes in both experimental and clinical cell-mediated studies. EPO promotes the engraftment of stem cells and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the connective tissue direction, suppressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis of cells in the lesion. The article includes literature data regarding EPO and its clinical use in inflammatory–degenerative processes based on eLibrary and National Center for Biotechnology Information data from 1998 to 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 5-year-old neutered female Korean domestic shorthair cat diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) presented to the hospital with severe oral purulent discharge, anorexia, and lethargy. Owing to extensive lesions, surgical excision and radiation therapy were not feasible. Instead, prior to metronomic therapy with toceranib, the patient received an intravenous injection of feline umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (fUC-MSCs) (1 × 106 cells/10 mL of saline) to reduce inflammation. No acute side effects (such as fever, increased respiratory rate, diarrhea, and vomiting) were observed following stem cell therapy. For 6 days, purulent discharge, bleeding, swelling, a bad odor, and crust exfoliation in the tumor area on the face were dramatically reduced. However, the patient exhibited difficulty in voluntarily receiving foods, and weight loss persisted. Starting from the 7th day, purulent discharge, bleeding, and odor at the SCC area worsened again. Toceranib, low-dose NSAIDs (meloxicam, every other day), antibiotics (cefazoline), and gabapentin were administered; however, they were not effective in reducing the pus, bleeding, foul odor, and crust exfoliation at the SCC area. Symptoms of pain, weakness, and weight loss progressed, leading to the choice of euthanasia with the owner’s consent approximately 1 month later. This case report reveals that allogeneic fUC-MSCs have a slight short-term effect on purulent discharge, bleeding, odor, and crust exfoliation and may be additional therapy for feline oral SCC.

Background and purpose: Acupuncture exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and is recommended by the World Health Organization as a complementary therapy for stroke. This study investigated the improvement in neurological function outcome in acute-stage intervention of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the anti-inflammatory effect of early acupuncture. Methods: Fifty patients with AIS were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG, 25 patients, received sham acupuncture) or treatment group (TG, 25 patients, received acupuncture treatment). Acupuncture intervention was administered twice a week for a total of 8 sessions over 4 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome was the changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and Barthel Index (BI) scores. The secondary outcome was the changes in serum inflammation-related biomarker levels.(ANAIS trial) Results: A total of 35 patients (18 patients in the CG and 17 patients in the TG) completed the trial. The reduction in NIHSS scores was greater in the TG than in the CG between V2 (second assessment administered after acupuncture intervention) and V1 (first assessment administered before acupuncture intervention; 4.33 ± 1.91 vs. 2.68 ± 1.42, p = 0.005) and between V3 (third assessment administered 28 days after last acupuncture intervention) and V1 (6.00 ± 2.53 vs. 3.83 ± 2.31, p = 0.012). The increase in BI scores was greater in the TG than in the CG between V2 and V1 (28.89 ± 15.39 vs. 14.21 ± 19.38, p = 0.016) and between V3 and V1 (39.41 ± 20.98 vs. 25.00 ± 18.47, p = 0.038). Among participants with high inflammation, the increase in serum IL-12p70 level between V2 and V1 was greater in the TG than in the CG (0.20 ± 0.19 vs. −0.14 ± 0.30, pg/mL p = 0.006). Conclusions: Acupuncture improved the neurological function of patients with AIS, and the relationship between acupuncture improving neurological function and anti-inflammatory effect needs further study. In addition, studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups as well as multicenter clinical trials are expected in the future.

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a propolis–mangosteen extract complex (PMEC) on gingival health in patients with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. A multicentered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 104 subjects receiving either PMEC or placebo for eight weeks was conducted. The primary focus was on the changes in inflammatory biomarkers from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), with clinical parameters as secondary outcomes. The results revealed that the PMEC group showed a significantly reduced expression of all measured GCF biomarkers compared to the placebo group (p < 0.0001) at 8 weeks, including substantial reductions in IL-1β, PGE2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels compared to the baseline. While clinical parameters trended towards improvement in both groups, the intergroup differences were not statistically significant. No significant adverse events were reported, indicating a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that PMEC consumption can attenuate gingival inflammation and mitigate periodontal tissue destruction by modulating key inflammatory mediators in gingival tissue. Although PMEC shows promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for supporting gingival health, the discrepancy between biomarker improvements and clinical outcomes warrants further investigation to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential in periodontal health management.

Manihot esculenta (cassava) roots is a major food crop for its energy content. Leaves contain nutrients and demonstrate biological properties but remain undervalorized. In order to develop a bioguided optimization of cassava nutrition–health properties, we compared the phytochemistry and bioactive potential of cassava root flour extract (CF) with cassava flour extract enriched with 30% leaves powder (CFL). Cassava flour supplementation impact was explored on flour composition (starch, fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds), in vivo glycemic index, and bioactivity potential using macrophage cells. We assessed the impact of cassava flour supplementation on free radicals scavenging and cellular production of pro-inflammatory mediators. CFL showed higher levels of fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and lower glycemic index. Significantly higher bioactive properties (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) were recorded, and inhibition of cytokines production has been demonstrated as a function of extract concentration. Overall, our results indicate that enrichment of cassava flour with leaves significantly enhances its nutrition–health and bioactive potential. This bioguided matrix recombination approach may be of interest to provide prophylactic and therapeutic dietary strategy to manage malnutrition and associated chronic non-communicable diseases characterized by low-grade inflammation and unbalanced redox status. It would also promote a more efficient use of available food resources.

Background: Cardamonin is classified as a natural chalcone, and has been reported to possess various bioactive effects. However, there have been limited attempts to utilize cardamonin in the treatment of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate whether cardamonin has anti-inflammatory effects on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), which are a component cell of periodontal tissue. Specifically, the study seeks to determine whether cardamonin affects the expression of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in HPDLCs, as well as the signaling pathways activated by IL-1β. Methods: Cytokine and chemokine levels in supernatants of HPDLCs were measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was used to measure protein expression and signal transduction pathway activation in HPDLCs. Results: We found that IL-1β-induced CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL5, CCL20, CXC-chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, and interleukin (IL)-6 production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in HPDLCs were suppressed by cardamonin treatment. We also found that cardamonin suppressed IL-1β-activated nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway, and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3. Furthermore, cardamonin treatment enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1), in HPDLCs. Conclusion: In this study, we found that cardamonin could suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in HPDLCs as well as the activation of several signaling pathways induced by IL-1β treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]