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1. Automated segmentation of subarachnoid hemorrhages with convolutional neural networks

Author

Renan Sales Barros, Wessel E. van der Steen, Anna M.M. Boers, IJsbrand Zijlstra, Rene van den Berg, Wassim El Youssoufi, Alexandre Urwald, Dagmar Verbaan, Peter Vandertop, Charles Majoie, Silvia Delgado Olabarriaga, and Henk A. Marquering

Subjects
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, Hemorrhage segmentation, Hemorrhage detection, Convolutional neural network, Deep learning, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the viability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the detection and volumetric segmentation of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT). Materials and methods: We developed and trained a CNN for the SAH segmentation by splitting a set of 302 baseline NCCTs into a training (268) and a validation set (34). Segmentation accuracy was assessed on an additional 473 baseline NCCTs of SAH patients by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient of the SAH volume and the Dice coefficient of the segmentations. We subsequently evaluated whether the developed SAH segmentation network can be used to discriminate SAH from acute ischemic stroke using 280 scans to optimize the discrimination and 70 scans for testing. Additionally, we tested whether the CNN-based volumetric SAH segmentation can also be used for hemorrhage segmentation in 396 NCCTs of rebleed patients. Results: The SAH volume agreement was high with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.966. The average Dice coefficient of the volumetric SAH segmentation was 0.63 ± 0.16, which is similar to expert interobserver agreement. The differentiation of SAH from ischemic stroke patients achieved an accuracy of 0.96. Despite the common presence of severe metal artifacts in scans of rebleed patients due to coiling, the CNN-based segmentation appears to be suitable for segmentation of rebleeds as well with comparable accuracy. The average CNN detection and segmentation processing time was 30 s. Conclusion: The proposed CNN is fast and accurate in detecting and segmenting SAH in NCCT scans.

Published
2020
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2. Prognostic Value of Thrombus Volume and Interaction With First-Line Endovascular Treatment Device Choice

Author

Henk van Voorst, Agnetha A.E. Bruggeman, Jurr Andriessen, Jan W. Hoving, Praneeta R. Konduri, Wenjin Yang, Manon Kappelhof, Nerea Arrarte Terreros, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Wim H. van Zwam, Aad van der Lugt, Anouk van der Hoorn, Jelis Boiten, Stefan Roosendaal, Sjoerd Jenniskens, Matthan W.A. Caan, Henk A. Marquering, Bart J. Emmer, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Jan Albert Vos, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Robert- Jan B. Goldhoorn, Kars C.J. Compagne, Josje Brouwer, Sanne J. den Hartog, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Bob Roozenbeek, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Wouter J. Schonewille, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jasper M. Martens, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Rob Lo, Dick Gerrits, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Hester F. Lingsma, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Esmee Venema, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Haryadi Prasetya, Lucas A. Ramos, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ANS - Brain Imaging, APH - Methodology, APH - Aging & Later Life, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, ACS - Microcirculation, Pediatrics, Radiology and nuclear medicine, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), and ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE)

Subjects
IMPACT, RECANALIZATION, GUIDELINES, functional status, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging, LENGTH, ischemic stroke, Humans, Ischemic Stroke/complications, thrombosis, Retrospective Studies, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], THROMBECTOMY, Endovascular Procedures/methods, Treatment Outcome, Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging, Thrombectomy/methods, stents, HEART, Neurology (clinical), prognosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, STROKE, Stroke/diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: A larger thrombus in patients with acute ischemic stroke might result in more complex endovascular treatment procedures, resulting in poorer patient outcomes. Current evidence on thrombus volume and length related to procedural and functional outcomes remains contradicting. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of thrombus volume and thrombus length and whether this relationship differs between first-line stent retrievers and aspiration devices for endovascular treatment. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 670 of 3279 patients from the MR CLEAN Registry (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) for endovascularly treated large vessel occlusions were included. Thrombus volume (0.1 mL) and length (0.1 mm) based on manual segmentations and measurements were related to reperfusion grade (expanded Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score) after endovascular treatment, the number of retrieval attempts, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and a shift for functional outcome at 90 days measured with the reverted ordinal modified Rankin Scale (odds ratio >1 implies a favorable outcome). Univariable and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to report common odds ratios (cORs)/adjusted cOR and regression coefficients (B/aB) with 95% CIs. Furthermore, a multiplicative interaction term was used to analyze the relationship between first-line device choice, stent retrievers versus aspiration device, thrombus volume, and outcomes. Results: Thrombus volume was associated with functional outcome (adjusted cOR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.71–0.97]) and number of retrieval attempts (aB, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.16–0.28]) but not with the other outcome measures. Thrombus length was only associated with functional independence (adjusted cOR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.24–0.85]). Patients with more voluminous thrombi had worse functional outcomes if endovascular treatment was based on first-line stent retrievers (interaction cOR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.50–0.89]; P =0.005; adjusted cOR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.55–1.0]; P =0.04). Conclusions: In this study, patients with a more voluminous thrombus required more endovascular thrombus retrieval attempts and had a worse functional outcome. Patients with a lengthier thrombus were less likely to achieve functional independence at 90 days. For more voluminous thrombi, first-line stent retrieval compared with first-line aspiration might be associated with worse functional outcome.

Published
2023
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3. Prediction of Outcome and Endovascular Treatment Benefit Validation and Update of the MR PREDICTS Decision Tool

Author

Esmee Venema, Bob Roozenbeek, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Scott Brown, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Andrew M. Demchuk, Keith W. Muir, Antoni Dávalos, Peter J. Mitchell, Serge Bracard, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Wim H. van Zwam, Aad van der Lugt, Michael D. Hill, Philip White, Bruce C.V. Campbell, Francis Guillemin, Jeffrey L. Saver, Tudor G. Jovin, Mayank Goyal, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Hester F. Lingsma, Jelis Boiten, Jan Albert Vos, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Robert- Jan B. Goldhoorn, Kars C.J. Compagne, Manon Kappelhof, Josje Brouwer, Sanne J. den Hartog, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Bart J. Emmer, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Wouter J. Schonewille, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jasper M. Martens, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Tomas Bulut, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Rob Lo, Dick Gerrits, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine L. Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte- Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Neurology, Public Health, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes

Subjects
Male, SELECTION, Original Contributions, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, registry, GUIDELINES, THERAPY, ANGIOGRAPHY, Brain Ischemia, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Interquartile range, Modified Rankin Scale, law, 80 and over, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE, uncertainty, Stroke, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Endovascular Procedures, Middle Aged, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Outcome (probability), reperfusion, Treatment Outcome, thrombectomy, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], medicine.medical_specialty, Concordance, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Sciences, Clinical and Population Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, medicine, ischemic stroke, Humans, Endovascular treatment, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Neurology & Neurosurgery, business.industry, MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Neurosciences, medicine.disease, Brain Disorders, HERMES collaborators and MR CLEAN Registry Investigators, Emergency medicine, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose: Benefit of early endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke varies considerably among patients. The MR PREDICTS decision tool, derived from MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), predicts outcome and treatment benefit based on baseline characteristics. Our aim was to externally validate and update MR PREDICTS with data from international trials and daily clinical practice. Methods: We used individual patient data from 6 randomized controlled trials within the HERMES (Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke Trials) collaboration to validate the original model. Then, we updated the model and performed a second validation with data from the observational MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was functional independence (defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) 3 months after stroke. Treatment benefit was defined as the difference between the probability of functional independence with and without EVT. Discriminative performance was evaluated using a concordance (C) statistic. Results: We included 1242 patients from HERMES (633 assigned to EVT, 609 assigned to control) and 3156 patients from the MR CLEAN Registry (all of whom underwent EVT within 6.5 hours). The C-statistic for functional independence was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.72–0.77) in HERMES and, after model updating, 0.80 (0.78–0.82) in the Registry. Median predicted treatment benefit of routinely treated patients (Registry) was 10.3% (interquartile range, 5.8%–14.4%). Patients with low (

Published
2021
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4. Determinants of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Wouter van der Steen, Nadinda A.M. van der Ende, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Vicky Chalos, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Wim H. van Zwam, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Pieter J. van Doormaal, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Hester F. Lingsma, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Aad van der Lugt, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Bob Roozenbeek, Jelis Boiten, Jan Albert Vos, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Robert- Jan B. Goldhoorn, Kars C.J. Compagne, Manon Kappelhof, Josje Brouwer, Sanne J. den Hartog, Bart J. Emmer, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Wouter J. Schonewille, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jasper M. Martens, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Tomas Bulut, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Geert J. Lycklama, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Joost Bot, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Rob Lo, Wouter Dinkelaar, P.A. Auke, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Esmee Venema, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine L. Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte- Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, Martin M. Brown, Thomas Liebig, Esther van der Heijden, Naziha Ghannouti, Nadine Fleitour, Imke Hooijenga, Corina Puppels, Annet Geerling, Annemieke Lindl-Velema, Ans de Ridder, Paut Greebe, Jose de Bont- Stikkelbroeck, MC Haaglanden, Kirsten Janssen, Silvan Licher, Nikki Boodt, Adriaan Ros, Ilse Slokkers, Raymie-Jayce Ganpat, Maxim Mulder, Nawid Saiedie, Alis Heshmatollah, Stefanie Schipperen, Stefan Vinken, Tiemen van Boxtel, Jeroen Koets, Merel Boers, Emilie Santos, Jordi Borst, Ivo Jansen, Marit Lucas, Ralph Renan Geuskens, Roeland Sales Barros, Neurology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Public Health, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Radiology and nuclear medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Graduate School, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, and ANS - Neurovascular Disorders

Subjects
OCCLUSION, IMPACT, intracranial hemorrhages, MULTICENTER, THERAPY, Intracranial Hemorrhages/complications, Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging, blood glucose, Endovascular Procedures/adverse effects, cardiovascular diseases, ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE, PREDICTORS, humans, Ischemic Stroke, Thrombectomy, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, INTRAVENOUS ALTEPLASE, MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY, adult, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Endovascular Procedures, RANDOMIZED-TRIAL, TRANSFORMATION, brain ischemia, Stroke, retrospective studies, Treatment Outcome, Thrombectomy/adverse effects, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Stroke/diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a serious complication after endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. We aimed to identify determinants of its occurrence and location. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from the Dutch MR CLEAN trial (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) and MR CLEAN registry. We included adult patients with a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who underwent endovascular treatment within 6.5 hours of stroke onset. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify determinants of overall sICH occurrence, sICH within infarcted brain tissue, and sICH outside infarcted brain tissue. Results: SICH occurred in 203 (6%) of 3313 included patients and was located within infarcted brain tissue in 50 (25%), outside infarcted brain tissue in 23 (11%), and both within and outside infarcted brain tissue in 116 (57%) patients. In 14 patients (7%), data on location were missing. Prior antiplatelet use, baseline systolic blood pressure, baseline plasma glucose levels, post-endovascular treatment modified treatment in cerebral ischemia score, and duration of procedure were associated with all outcome parameters. In addition, determinants of sICH within infarcted brain tissue included history of myocardial infarction (adjusted odds ratio, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.06–2.56]) and poor collateral score (adjusted odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.02–1.95]), whereas determinants of sICH outside infarcted brain tissue included level of occlusion on computed tomography angiography (internal carotid artery or internal carotid artery terminus compared with M1: adjusted odds ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.16–2.78]). Conclusions: Several factors, some potentially modifiable, are associated with sICH occurrence. Further studies should investigate whether modification of baseline systolic blood pressure or plasma glucose level could reduce the risk of sICH. In addition, determinants differ per location of sICH, supporting the hypothesis of varying underlying mechanisms. Registration: URL: https://www.isrctn.com/ ; Unique identifier: ISRCTN10888758.

Published
2022
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5. Etiology of Large Vessel Occlusion Posterior Circulation Stroke: Results of the MR CLEAN Registry

Author

F.A.V. (Anne) Pirson, Nikki Boodt, Josje Brouwer, Agnetha A.E. Bruggeman, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Julie Staals, Wim H. van Zwam, Christiaan van der Leij, Rutger J.B. Brans, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Aad van der Lugt, Wouter J. Schonewille, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Jelis Boiten, Jan Albert Vos, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Robert- Jan B. Goldhoorn, Kars C.J. Compagne, Manon Kappelhof, Sanne J. den Hartog, Bob Roozenbeek, Bart J. Emmer, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jasper M. Martens, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Rob Lo, Dick Gerrits, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, Sandra Cornelissen, Rutger Brans, H. Zwenneke Flach, Hester F. Lingsma, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Esmee Venema, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine L. Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte-Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, Anne F.A.V. Pirson, Graduate School, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ACS - Microcirculation, ANS - Brain Imaging, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, Neurology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Public Health, Klinische Neurowetenschappen, RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, MUMC+: MA Niet Med Staf Neurologie (9), MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), and Radiology and nuclear medicine

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS, EMBOLIC STROKES, UNDETERMINED SOURCE, embolic stroke, ischemic stroke, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, OUTCOMES, BASILAR ARTERY-OCCLUSION, CLINICAL-FEATURES, Endovascular Procedures, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], reperfusion, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, ISCHEMIC-STROKE, thrombectomy, ENDOVASCULAR TREATMENT, RISK-FACTORS, Neurology (clinical), atherosclerosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, SUBTYPE, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Background: In patients with large vessel occlusion stroke of the anterior circulation, underlying cause is a determinant of outcome. Whether this is the case for posterior circulation large vessel occlusion stroke has yet to be determined. We aimed to report on cause in patients with posterior circulation stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy and to analyze the association with functional outcome. Methods: We used data of patients with posterior circulation stroke included in the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) registry, a prospective multicenter observational study, between 2014 and 2018. Stroke cause was categorized into large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism, arterial dissection, embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), other determined cause, or undetermined cause. For primary analysis on the association between cause and outcome, we used multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis to estimate the adjusted common odds ratio for a shift towards a better functional outcome on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days with LAA as a reference group. Secondary outcomes included favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–3), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at 24 to 48 hours, reperfusion on digital subtraction angiography, and stroke progression. Results: Of 264 patients with posterior circulation stroke, 84 (32%) had LAA, 48 (18%) cardioembolism, 31 (12%) dissection, and 14 (5%) ESUS. Patients with a dissection were younger (48 [interquartile range, 43–60] years) and had a lower National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at baseline (12 [interquartile range, 6–31]) than patients with other cause. Functional outcome was better for patients with cardioembolism and ESUS compared to LAA (modified Rankin Scale adjusted common odds ratio, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.1–5.2], respectively adjusted common odds ratio, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.0–9.3]). Patients with a dissection had a lower chance of successful reperfusion compared with LAA (adjusted odds ratio, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.06–0.70]). Conclusions: Unlike the anterior circulation, most frequent cause in our posterior large vessel occlusion stroke cohort is LAA followed by cardioembolism, dissection, and ESUS. Patients with cardioembolism and ESUS have a better prognosis for functional outcome after endovascular thrombectomy than patients with LAA.

Published
2022
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6. Improvements in endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke

Author

Kars C.J. Compagne, Manon Kappelhof, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Josje Brouwer, Robert-Jan B. Goldhoorn, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Wouter J. Schonewille, Jasper M. Martens, Jeannette Hofmeijer, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob T.H. Lo, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, Ewout J. van Dijk, Julia H. van Tuijl, Jo P.P. Peluso, Paul L.M. de Kort, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Puck S. Fransen, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Elias Ghariq, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Anton F.J.A. Meijer, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Pieter Jan van Doormaal, Marc P. van Proosdij, Menno G.M. Krietemeijer, Dick G. Gerrits, Sebastiaan Hammer, Jan Albert Vos, Jelis Boiten, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Bart J. Emmer, Ad C.G.M. van Es, Bob Roozenbeek, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Wim H. van Zwam, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Aad van der Lugt, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Sanne J. den Hartog, Julie Staals, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, J. de Vries, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Omid Eschgi, Tomas Bulut, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Rob Lo, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Hester F. Lingsma, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Esmee Venema, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine L. Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte-Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, TechMed Centre, Clinical Neurophysiology, Klinische Neurowetenschappen, RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, MUMC+: MA AIOS Neurologie (9), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Radiologie (9), Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Nucleaire Geneeskunde (9), MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, ACS - Microcirculation, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Graduate School, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, Pediatrics, and Radiology and nuclear medicine

Subjects
ratio, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], SOCIETY, registry, GUIDELINES, Brain Ischemia, Tumours of the digestive tract Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 14], MANAGEMENT, IMPUTATION, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Registries, groin odds, SCALE, Ischemic Stroke, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, OUTCOMES, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Endovascular Procedures, THROMBECTOMY, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], reperfusion, Stroke, Treatment Outcome, RELIABILITY, Neurology (clinical), puncture, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Background: We evaluated data from all patients in the Netherlands who underwent endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the past 3.5 years, to identify nationwide trends in time to treatment and procedural success, and assess their effect on clinical outcomes. Methods: We included patients with proximal occlusions of the anterior circulation from the second and first cohorts of the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) Registry (March 2014 to June 2016; June 2016 to November 2017, respectively). We compared workflow times and rates of successful reperfusion (defined as an extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2B-3) between cohorts and chronological quartiles (all included patients stratified in chronological quartiles of intervention dates to create equally sized groups over the study period). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess differences in the primary outcome (ordinal modified Rankin Scale at 90 days). Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between cohorts (second cohort n=1692, first cohort n=1488) except for higher age, poorer collaterals, and less signs of early ischemia on computed tomography in the second cohort. Time from stroke onset to groin puncture and reperfusion were shorter in the second cohort (median 185 versus 210 minutes; P P P Conclusions: Clinical outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in routine clinical practice have improved over the past years, likely resulting from improved workflow times and higher successful reperfusion rates.

Published
2022
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7. White matter lesions and outcomes after endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke MR CLEAN registry results

Author

Simone M. Uniken Venema, Alida A. Postma, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Jan Albert Vos, Hester F. Lingsma, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Charles B. Majoie, H. Bart van der Worp, Aad van der Lugt, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Wim H. van Zwam, Jelis Boiten, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Robert- Jan B. Goldhoorn, Kars C.J. Compagne, Manon Kappelhof, Josje Brouwer, Sanne J. den Hartog, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Bob Roozenbeek, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Bart J. Emmer, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Wouter J. Schonewille, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jasper M. Martens, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Paul J.A.M. Brouwers, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Rob Lo, Dick Gerrits, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Esmee Venema, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine L. Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte-Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurovascular Disorders, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, TechMed Centre, Clinical Neurophysiology, ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Neurology, Public Health, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Nucleaire Geneeskunde (9), MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Radiologie (9), and MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9)

Subjects
medicine.medical_treatment, Original Contributions, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], LEUKOARAIOSIS, Logistic regression, THERAPY, ANGIOGRAPHY, law.invention, Brain Ischemia, HEMORRHAGE, Randomized controlled trial, law, Modified Rankin Scale, odds ratio, Prospective Studies, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, 80 and over, Cerebral infarction, Endovascular Procedures, Thrombolysis, Middle Aged, THROMBECTOMY, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], White Matter, Stroke, COLLATERALS, AGREEMENT, Cardiology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, cerebral small vessel diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Intracranial Hemorrhages, radiography, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, acute ischemic stroke, FUTILE RECANALIZATION, SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE, Clinical and Population Sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, METAANALYSIS, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], registries, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Hyperintensity, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) have been associated with a greater risk of poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke. We assessed the relations between WML burden and radiological and clinical outcomes in patients treated with endovascular treatment in routine practice. Methods: We analyzed data from the MR CLEAN Registry (Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischaemic Stroke in the Netherlands)—a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of patients treated with endovascular treatment in the Netherlands. WMLs were graded on baseline noncontrast computed tomography using a visual grading scale. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included early neurological recovery, successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b), futile recanalization (modified Rankin Scale score ≥3 despite successful reperfusion), and occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess associations between WML severity and outcomes, taking the absence of WML on noncontrast computed tomography as the reference category. Results: Of 3180 patients included in the MR CLEAN Registry between March 2014 and November 2017, WMLs were graded for 3046 patients and categorized as none (n=1855; 61%), mild (n=608; 20%), or moderate to severe (n=588; 19%). Favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) was achieved in 838 patients (49%) without WML, 192 patients (34%) with mild WML, and 130 patients (24%) with moderate-to-severe WML. Increasing WML grades were associated with a shift toward poorer functional outcome in a dose-dependent manner (adjusted common odds ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.13–1.60] for mild WML and 1.67 [95% CI, 1.39–2.01] for moderate-to-severe WML; Ptrend

Published
2021

8. Path from clinical research to implementation endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke in the Netherlands

Author

Eveline J.A. Wiegers, Kars C.J. Compagne, Paula M. Janssen, Esmee Venema, Jaap W. Deckers, Wouter J. Schonewille, Jan Albert Vos, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Bob Roozenbeek, Jasper M. Martens, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Robert-Jan van Oostenbrugge, Wim H. van Zwam, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Aad van der Lugt, H.F. Lingsma, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Jelis Boiten, Josje Brouwer, Sanne J. den Hartog, Wouter H. Hinsenveld, Manon Kappelhof, Robert-Jan B. Goldhoorn, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Bart J. Emmer, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, J. de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Julia van Tuijl, Jo Jo P. Peluso, Puck Fransen, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eschgi, Reinoud P.H. Bokkers, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Paul Brouwers, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, Anton Meijer, Elyas Ghariq, Marc P. van Proosdij, G. Menno Krietemeijer, Jo P. Peluso, Rob Lo, Dick Gerrits, Wouter Dinkelaar, Auke P.A. Appelman, Bas Hammer, Sjoert Pegge, Anouk van der Hoorn, Saman Vinke, H. Zwenneke Flach, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Corina Puppels, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Michelle Simons, Marjolein Vossers, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Cathelijn van Rijswijk, Gert Messchendorp, Nynke Nicolaij, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, Maureen Wollaert, Sabrina Verheesen, D. Jeurrissen, Erna Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Michelle Sandiman, Nicoline Aaldering, Berber Zweedijk, Mostafa Khalilzada, Jocova Vervoort, Eva Ponjee, Sharon Romviel, Karin Kanselaar, Denn Barning, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon L. Tolhuisen, Heitor Alves, Annick J. Weterings, Eleonora L.F. Kirkels, Eva J.H.F. Voogd, Lieve M. Schupp, Sabine Collette, Adrien E.D. Groot, Natalie E. LeCouffe, Praneeta R. Konduri, Haryadi Prasetya, Nerea Arrarte-Terreros, Lucas A. Ramos, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Clinical Neurophysiology, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurovascular Disorders, Neurology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Public Health, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Cardiology

Subjects
Male, SELECTION, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, ischemia, Rate ratio, THERAPY, symbols.namesake, NUMBER, medicine, Humans, Registries, Poisson regression, Endovascular treatment, Stroke, Aged, Netherlands, Aged, 80 and over, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, implementation science, business.industry, Patient Selection, Standard treatment, MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY, Endovascular Procedures, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], 22/2 OA procedure, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], stroke, brain ischemia, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Clinical research, INTRAVENOUS T-PA, thrombectomy, Emergency medicine, ONSET, symbols, Female, TRIAL, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 220823.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Before 2015, endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke was considered a promising treatment option. Based on limited evidence, it was performed in several dedicated stroke centers worldwide on selected patients. Since 2015, EVT for patients with intracranial large vessel occlusion has quickly been implemented as standard treatment in many countries worldwide, supported by the revised international guidelines based on solid evidence from multiple clinical trials. We describe the development in use of EVT in the Netherlands before, during, and after the pivotal EVT trials. We used data from all patients who were treated with EVT in the Netherlands from January 2002 until December 2018. We undertook a time-series analysis to examine trends in the use of EVT using Poisson regression analysis. Incidence rate ratios per year with 95% CIs were obtained to demonstrate the impact and implementation after the publication of the EVT trial results. We made regional observation plots, adjusted for stroke incidence, to assess the availability and use of the treatment in the country. In the buildup to the MR CLEAN (Multicenter Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), a slow increase of EVT patients was observed, with 0.2% of all ischemic stroke patients receiving EVT. Before the trial results were formally announced, a statistically significant increase in EVT-treated patients per year was observed (incidence rate ratio, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.46-2.04]), and after the trial publication, an immediate steep increase was seen, followed by a more gradual increase (incidence rate ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.77-2.59]). In 2018, the percentage of ischemic stroke patients receiving EVT increased to 5.8%. A well-developed infrastructure, a pragmatic approach toward the use of EVT in clinical practice, in combination with a strict adherence by the regulatory authorities to national evidence-based guidelines has led to successful implementation of EVT in the Netherlands. Ongoing efforts are directed at further increasing the proportion of stroke patients with EVT in all regions of the country.

Published
2020

9. Clot Burden Score on Baseline Computerized Tomographic Angiography and Intra-Arterial Treatment Effect in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Author

Kilian M. Treurniet, Albert J. Yoo, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Hester F. Lingsma, Anna M.M. Boers, Puck S.S. Fransen, Debbie Beumer, Lucie A. van den Berg, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, Geert J. Lycklama À Nijeholt, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Joseph C.J. Bot, Ludo F.M. Beenen, René van den Berg, Wim H. van Zwam, Aad van der Lugt, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Henk A. Marquering, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Wouter J. Schonewille, Jan Albert Vos, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jacques A. van Oostayen, Jelis Boiten, Patrick A. Brouwer, Bart J. Emmer, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, L. Jaap Kappelle, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Joost de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Willem Jan J. van Rooij, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Marieke C. Visser, Patrick C. Vroomen, Omid Eshghi, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Alexander V. Tielbeek, Heleen M. den Hertog, Dick G. Gerrits, Renske M. van den Berg-Vos, Giorgos B. Karas, Peter J. Koudstaal, H. Zwenneke Flach, Ewout W Steyerberg, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, Other departments, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, MUMC+: MA AIOS Neurologie (9), RS: CARIM - R3.11 - Imaging, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, RS: CARIM - R3.03 - Cerebral small vessel disease, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Radiology and nuclear medicine, ICaR - Ischemia and repair, Public Health, and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Computed Tomography Angiography, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroimaging, Internal medicine, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Intra arterial, Medicine, Humans, Infusions, Intra-Arterial, Treatment effect, Favorable outcome, Acute ischemic stroke, Stroke, Aged, thrombolytic therapy, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, neuroimaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Intracranial Embolism, organic chemicals, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], nutritional and metabolic diseases, Thrombosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], stroke, Surgery, Cerebral Angiography, thrombectomy, Angiography, Cardiology, intracranial embolism, Female, Neurology (clinical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and Purpose— A high clot burden score (CBS) is associated with favorable outcome after intravenous treatment for acute ischemic stroke. The added benefit of intra-arterial treatment might be less in these patients. The aim of this exploratory post hoc analysis was to assess the relation of CBS with neurological improvement and endovascular treatment effect. Methods— For 499 of 500 patients in the MR CLEAN study (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands), the CBS was determined. Ordinal logistic regression models with and without main baseline prognostic variables were used to assess the association between CBS (continuous or dichotomized at CBS of 6) and a shift toward better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale. The model without main baseline prognostic variables only included treatment allocation and CBS. Models with and without a multiplicative interaction term of CBS and treatment were compared using the χ 2 test to assess treatment effect modification by CBS. Results— Higher CBS was associated with a shift toward better outcome on the modified Rankin Scale; adjusted common odds ratio per point CBS was 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.20]. Dichotomized CBS had an adjusted common odds ratio of 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–2.51). Both effect estimates were slightly attenuated by adding baseline prognostic variables. The addition of the interaction terms did not significantly improve the fit of the models. There was a small and insignificant increase of intra-arterial treatment efficacy in the high CBS group. Conclusions— A higher CBS is associated with improved outcome and may be used as a prognostic marker. We found no evidence that CBS modifies the effect of intra-arterial treatment. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.trialregister.nl . Unique identifier: NTR1804. URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com . Unique identifier: ISRCTN10888758.

Published
2016
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10. Endovascular Treatment The Role of Dominant Caliber M2 Segment Occlusion in Ischemic Stroke

Author

Kars C.J. Compagne, Pieter M. van der Sluijs, Ido R. van den Wijngaard, Bob Roozenbeek, Maxim J.H.L. Mulder, Wim H. van Zwam, Bart J. Emmer, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Albert J. Yoo, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Hester F. Lingsma, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Aad van der Lugt, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Jelis Boiten, Jan Albert Vos, Ivo G.H. Jansen, Robert-Jan B. Goldhoorn, Wouter J. Schonewille, Jonathan M. Coutinho, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jasper M. Martens, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, H. Bart van der Worp, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Hieronymus D. Boogaarts, Paul L.M. de Kort, Jo J.P. Peluso, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Maarten Uyttenboogaart, Omid Eshghi, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Lonneke S.F. Yo, Heleen M. den Hertog, Emiel J.C. Sturm, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Ludo F.M. Beenen, Alida A. Postma, Stefan D. Roosendaal, Bas F.W. van der Kallen, Joost Bot, Pieter-Jan van Doormaal, H. Zwenneke Flach, Naziha el Ghannouti, Martin Sterrenberg, Corina Puppels, Wilma Pellikaan, Rita Sprengers, Marjan Elfrink, Joke de Meris, Tamara Vermeulen, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Tiny Simons, Cathelijn van Rijswijk, Gert Messchendorp, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Sandra Kleijn, Jasmijn Lodico, Hanneke Droste, M. Wollaert, D. Jeurrissen, Ernas Bos, Yvonne Drabbe, Berber Zweedijk, Mostafa Khalilzada, Esmee Venema, Vicky Chalos, Ralph R. Geuskens, Tim van Straaten, Saliha Ergezen, Roger R.M. Harmsma, Daan Muijres, Anouk de Jong, Wouter Hinseveld, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, J. Huguet, P.F.C. Groot, Marieke A. Mens, Katinka R. van Kranendonk, Kilian M. Treurniet, Manon Kappelhof, Manon L. Tolhuijsen, Heitor Alves, ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, ACS - Microcirculation, Neurology, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, Graduate School, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, AGEM - Digestive immunity, AGEM - Re-generation and cancer of the digestive system, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, RS: CARIM - R3.03 - Cerebral small vessel disease, RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: CARIM - R3.11 - Imaging, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: MA Niet Med Staf Neurologie (9), Promovendi CD, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Nucleaire Geneeskunde (9), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Radiologie (9), Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Public Health

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Original Contributions, M1, ANGIOGRAPHY, THERAPY, Stroke/mortality, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Modified Rankin Scale, law, Occlusion, Registries, Middle Cerebral Artery/surgery, Netherlands, OUTCOMES, Cerebral infarction, Endovascular Procedures, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery, Thrombolysis, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality, Middle Aged, stroke, reperfusion, Survival Rate, Infarction, thrombectomy, Middle cerebral artery, Cardiology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Sciences, Netherlands/epidemiology, Disease-Free Survival, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERY, SCORE, medicine, Humans, Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Intracerebral hemorrhage, middle cerebral artery, business.industry, MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY, Correction, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, treatment outcome, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose— It is unclear whether endovascular treatment (EVT) is beneficial for patients with acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery. We aimed to compare functional outcomes, technical aspects, and complications of EVT between patients with acute ischemic stroke because of M2 and M1 occlusions in clinical practice. Furthermore, outcome and complications after EVT in dominant and nondominant caliber M2 division occlusions were studied. Methods— Data were obtained from the MR CLEAN Registry (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) which is an ongoing observational study in 16 Dutch centers performing EVT in the Netherlands. Functional outcome was measured with the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days. Neurological recovery (delta National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), successful reperfusion rates (extended Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ≥2B), and safety outcomes were also investigated. Associations between occlusion location and outcome were analyzed with ordinal logistic regression models, with adjustment for other prognostic factors. Results— In total, 244 (24%) patients with an M2 and 759 (76%) patients with an M1 occlusion who underwent EVT were analyzed. Functional outcomes were not significantly different between patients with M2 versus M1 occlusions (adjusted common odds ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.87–1.73). Occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage was also similar for M2 and M1 occlusions (6.6% versus 5.9%; P=0.84). Further analysis about dominance of an M2 branch was performed in 175 (72%) patients. Neurological recovery was comparable (mean delta National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, −2±10 for dominant M2, −5±5 for nondominant M2, and −4±9 [P=0.24] for M1 occlusions). Furthermore, the effect of reperfusion status on functional outcome was comparable between occlusion divisions (common odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06–1.53 for dominant M2; common odds ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.93–1.87 for nondominant M2; and common odds ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.24–1.46 for M1 occlusions). Conclusions— Outcomes and complication rates after EVT were similar in patients with M2 and M1 occlusions. Although based on observational data and a limited sample size, a similar association of reperfusion status with functional outcome for all subgroups provides no evidence that patients with either a dominant or a nondominant M2 occlusion should be routinely excluded from EVT.

Published
2019

11. Thrombus Permeability Is Associated With Improved Functional Outcome and Recanalization in Patients With Ischemic Stroke

Author

Emilie M.M. Santos, Henk A. Marquering, Mark D. den Blanken, Olvert A. Berkhemer, Anna M.M. Boers, Albert J. Yoo, Ludo F. Beenen, Kilian M. Treurniet, Carrie Wismans, Kim van Noort, Hester F. Lingsma, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Aad van der Lugt, Wim H. van Zwam, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Wiro J. Niessen, Charles B. Majoie, Puck S.S. Fransen, Debbie Beumer, Lucie A. van den Berg, Wouter J. Schonewille, Jan Albert Vos, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Marianne A.A. van Walderveen, Julie Staals, Jeannette Hofmeijer, Jacques A. van Oostayen, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Jelis Boiten, Patrick A. Brouwer, Bart J. Emmer, Sebastiaan F. de Bruijn, Lukas C. van Dijk, L. Jaap Kappelle, Rob H. Lo, Ewoud J. van Dijk, Joost de Vries, Paul L.M. de Kort, Jan S.P. van den Berg, Boudewijn A.A.M. van Hasselt, Leo A.M. Aerden, René J. Dallinga, Marieke C. Visser, Joseph C.J. Bot, Patrick C. Vroomen, Omid Eshghi, Tobien H.C.M.L. Schreuder, Roel J.J. Heijboer, Koos Keizer, Alexander V. Tielbeek, Heleen M. den Hertog, Dick G. Gerrits, Renske M. van den Berg-Vos, Giorgos B. Karas, Marieke E.S. Sprengers, Sjoerd F.M. Jenniskens, René van den Berg, Peter J. Koudstaal, H. Zwenneke Flach, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Martin M. Brown, Thomas Liebig, Theo Stijnen, Tommy Andersson, Heinrich P. Mattle, Nils Wahlgren, Esther van der Heijden, Naziha Ghannouti, Nadine Fleitour, Imke Hooijenga, Annemieke Lindl-Velema, Corina Puppels, Wilma Pellikaan, Kirsten Janssen, Nicole Aaldering, Marjan Elfrink, Joke de Meris, Annet Geerlings, Gina van Vemde, Ans de Ridder, Paut Greebe, José de Bont-Stikkelbroeck, Willy Struijk, Tiny Simons, Gert Messchendorp, Friedus van der Minne, Hester Bongenaar, Karin Bodde, Silvan Licher, Nikki Boodt, Adriaan Ros, Esmee Venema, Ilse Slokkers, Raymie-Jayce Ganpat, Maxim Mulder, Nawid Saiedie, Alis Heshmatollah, Stefanie Schipperen, Stefan Vinken, Tiemen van Boxtel, Jeroen Koets, Merel Boers, Jordi Borst, Ivo Jansen, Manon Kappelhof, Marit Lucas, Ralph Geuskens, Renan Sales Barros, Roeland Dobbe, Marloes Csizmadia, Other departments, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Graduate School, Other Research, Neurology, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: CARIM - R3.11 - Imaging, RS: CARIM - R3.03 - Cerebral small vessel disease, Klinische Neurowetenschappen, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), Medical Informatics, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Public Health

Subjects
Male, Brain Ischemia, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Brain ischemia, arteries, 0302 clinical medicine, Stroke, Netherlands, Endovascular Procedures, Middle Aged, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Thrombosis, stroke, reperfusion, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, cardiovascular system, Female, TRIAL, Radiology, INTRAVENOUS THROMBOLYSIS, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, BURDEN, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9], Artery, medicine.medical_specialty, Capillary Permeability, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Thrombus, VESSEL OCCLUSIONS, thrombosis, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, business.industry, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], Blood flow, medicine.disease, CT ANGIOGRAPHY, Confidence interval, Radiography, Intracranial Thrombosis, SIZE, Neurology (clinical), permeability, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background and Purpose— Preclinical studies showed that thrombi can be permeable and may, therefore, allow for residual blood flow in occluded arteries of patients having acute ischemic stroke. This perviousness may increase tissue oxygenation, improve thrombus dissolution, and augment intra-arterial treatment success. We hypothesize that the combination of computed tomographic angiography and noncontrast computed tomography imaging allows measurement of contrast agent penetrating a permeable thrombus, and it is associated with improved outcome. Methods— Thrombus and contralateral artery attenuations in noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography images were measured in 184 Multicenter Randomized Clinical trial of Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) patients with thin-slice images. Two quantitative estimators of the thrombus permeability were introduced: computed tomographic angiography attenuation increase (Δ) and thrombus void fraction (ε). Patients were dichotomized as having a pervious or impervious thrombus and associated with outcome, recanalization, and final infarct volume. Results— Patients with Δ≥10.9 HU (n=81 [44%]) and ε≥6.5% (n=77 [42%]) were classified as having a pervious thrombus. These patients were 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.7–6.4) times more likely to have a favorable outcome, and 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–4.8) times more likely to recanalyze, for Δ based classification, and similarly for ε. These odds ratios were independent from intravenous or intra-arterial treatment. Final infarct volume was negatively correlated with both perviousness estimates (correlation coefficient, −0.39 for Δ and −0.40 for ε). Conclusions— This study shows that simultaneous measurement of thrombus attenuation in noncontrast computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography allows for quantification of thrombus perviousness. Thrombus perviousness is strongly associated with improved functional outcome, smaller final infarct volume, and higher recanalization rate.

Published
2016

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