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Senecio madagascariensis Poir. is reported for the first time as an adventitious species in the process of getting naturalized in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Description, illustrations and observations about this species are presented.

In this study, we describe the development and screening of an enriched genomic DNA library aiming to identify microsatellite loci in Hypochaeris catharinensis, an endemic species from southern Brazil. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci tested in a sample of 60 individuals from three different populations of H. catharinensis, identified 98 alleles with an average of 8.17 alleles per locus. The average polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.098 to 0.757, with five loci exhibiting significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Transferability test for cross-amplification was done in 10 related Hypochaeris species with a rate of success ranging from 12 loci, for H. petiolaris and H. varigata, to six loci for H. patagonica. These microsatellite loci will provide valuable information for studying genetic diversity, population genetic structure, conservation biology and for understanding the past demographic events of H. catharinensis and other related species of Hypochaeris. Hypochaeris is considered as a biological model to understand evolutionary processes in the vascular flora of South America, particularly from the temperate portion of the continent. As suggested by molecular clock dating, the South American species of Hypochaeris was derived from a common ancestor from northwest Africa that arrived in the continent between 3.5 and 0.25 mya by long-distance dispersal

A new species of Baccharis L. sect. Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) from sandy soils and dunes on the coastalplain of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, is presented: Baccharis dunensis A.A.Schneid. & G.Heiden. The newspecies is described, illustrated and compared to more closely related species. Additionally, B. burchelliBaker is reinstated, new synonyms are proposed for B. burchellii and B. crispa Spreng., and a lectotype isdesignated for B. regnellii Sch.Bip. ex Baker.Key words: Astereae, Baccharis subg. Molina, Compositae, Trimera group. Resumo Uma nova especie de Baccharis L. sect. Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) dos solos arenosos e dunas da planiciecosteira do litoral do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e apresentada: Baccharis dunensis A.A. Schneid. &G.Heiden. A nova especie e descrita, ilustrada e comparada com as especies mais proximas. Adicionalmente,o binomio B. burchelli Baker e restabelecido, novos sinonimos sao propostos para B. burchellii e B. crispaSpreng., e um lectotipo e designado para B. regnellii Sch.Bip. ex Baker.Palavras-chave: Astereae, Baccharis subg. Molina, Compositae, grupo Trimera.