1. An Epidemiologic Analysis of Associations between County-Level Per Capita Income, Unemployment Rate, and COVID-19 Vaccination Rates in the United States
- Author
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Yuqi Guo, Andrea R. Kaniuka, Jingjing Gao, and Omar T. Sims
- Subjects
COVID-19 vaccination rates ,race/ethnicity ,per capita income ,unemployment rate ,racial disparities ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Vaccination ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Health Status Disparities ,United States ,Unemployment ,Income ,Humans ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies - Abstract
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine associations between per capita income, unemployment rates, and COVID-19 vaccination rates at the county-level across the United States (U.S.), as well as to identify the interaction effects between county-level per capita income, unemployment rates, and racial/ethnic composition on COVID-19 vaccination rates. All counties in the U.S. that reported COVID-19 vaccination rates from January 2021 to July 2021 were included in this longitudinal study (n = 2857). Pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) with fixed-effects were employed to longitudinally examine economic impacts on racial/ethnic disparities on county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates. County-level per capita income and county-level unemployment rates were both positively associated with county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates across the U.S. However, the associations were divergent in the context of race/ethnicity. Public health efforts to bolster COVID-19 vaccination rates are encouraged to consider economic factors that are associated with decreases in COVID-19 vaccination rates.
- Published
- 2022