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2. Physical Health in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author

Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundström, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nóra, Råstam, Maria, and Anckarsäter, Henrik

Abstract

With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs.

Published
2019
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6. Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders

Author

Alabaf, Setareh, Gillberg, Christopher, Lundstrom, Sebastian, Lichtenstein, Paul, Kerekes, Nóra, Rastam, Maria, and Anckarsäter, Henrik

Subjects
Pediatric research -- Health aspects -- Research, Developmentally disabled children -- Health aspects -- Research, Twins -- Health aspects -- Research, Children's fitness -- Research -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs., Author(s): Setareh Alabaf [sup.1] , Christopher Gillberg [sup.1] , Sebastian Lundström [sup.1] [sup.2] , Paul Lichtenstein [sup.3] , Nóra Kerekes [sup.4] , Maria Råstam [sup.1] [sup.5] , Henrik Anckarsäter [sup.2] [...]

Published
2019
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16. Different Neurodevelopmental Symptoms Have a Common Genetic Etiology

Author

Pettersson, Erik, Anckarsäter, Henrik, Gillberg, Christopher, and Lichtenstein, Paul

Abstract

Background: Although neurodevelopmental disorders are demarcated as discrete entities in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders, empirical evidence indicates that there is a high degree of overlap among them. The first aim of this investigation was to explore if a single general factor could account for the large degree of observed overlap among neurodevelopmental problems, and explore whether this potential factor was primarily genetic or environmental in origin. The second aim was to explore whether there was systematic covariation, either genetic or environmental, over and above that contributed by the potential general factor, unique to each syndrome. Method: Parents of all Swedish 9- and 12-year-old twin pairs born between 1992 and 2002 were targeted for interview regarding problems typical of autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and other neurodevelopmental conditions (response rate: 80 percent). Structural equation modeling was conducted on 6,595 pairs to examine the genetic and environmental structure of 53 neurodevelopmental problems. Results: One general genetic factor accounted for a large proportion of the phenotypic covariation among the 53 symptoms. Three specific genetic subfactors identified "impulsivity," "learning problems," and "tics and autism," respectively. Three unique environment factors identified "autism," "hyperactivity and impulsivity," and "inattention and learning problems," respectively. Conclusion: One general genetic factor was responsible for the wide-spread phenotypic overlap among all neurodevelopmental symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing broad patient needs rather than specific diagnoses. The unique genetic factors may help guide diagnostic nomenclature, whereas the unique environmental factors may highlight that neurodevelopmental symptoms are responsive to change at the individual level and may provide clues into different mechanisms and treatments. Future research would benefit from assessing the general factor separately from specific factors to better understand observed overlap among neurodevelopmental problems.

Published
2013
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26. The Swedish twin registry: Establishment of a biobank and other recent developments

Author

Magnusson, Patrik KE, Almqvist, Catarina, Rahman, Iffat, Ganna, Andrea, Viktorin, Alexander, Walum, Hasse, Halldner, Linda, Lundstrom, Sebastian, Ullen, Fredrik, Langstrom, Niklas, Larsson, Henrik, Nyman, Anastasia, Gumpert, Clara Hellner, Rastam, Maria, Anckarsater, Henrik, Cnattingius, Sven, Johannesson, Magnus, Ingelsson, Erik, Klareskog, Lars, de Faire, Ulf, Pedersen, Nancy L, and Lichtenstein, Paul

Published
2013

29. The child and adolescent twin study in Sweden (CATSS)

Author

Anckarsater, Henrik, Lundstrom, Sebastian, Kollberg, Linnea, Kerekes, Nora, Palm, Camilla, Carlstrom, Eva, Langstrom, Niklas, Magnusson, Patrik KE, Halldner, Linda, Bolte, Sven, Gillberg, Christopher, Gumpert, Clara, Rastam, Maria, and Lichtenstein, Paul

Published
2011

33. Associations between conduct problems in childhood and adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood: a longitudinal Swedish nationwide twin cohort

Author

Lichtenstein, Paul, Cederlöf, Martin, Lundström, Sebastian, D'Onofrio, Brian M., Anckarsäter, Henrik, Larsson, Henrik, and Pettersson, Erik

Subjects
Conduct Disorder, Male, Parents, Sweden, Adolescent, Twins, Original Articles, internalizing disorder, comorbidity, Young Adult, Diseases in Twins, Humans, Original Article, externalizing disorder, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Longitudinal Studies, Child
Abstract

Background We examined whether childhood conduct problems predicted a wide range of adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood and whether the association with internalizing problems remained after adjusting for general comorbidity and externalizing problems. Methods Participants were 18,649 twins from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. At age 9/12, parents rated their children on eight conduct problems. Adverse outcomes were retrieved from national registers in emerging adulthood (median follow‐up time = 9.2 years), including diagnoses of six psychiatric disorders, prescriptions of antidepressants, suicide attempts, criminality, high school ineligibility, and social welfare recipiency. We estimated risk for the separate outcomes and examined if conduct problems predicted an internalizing factor above and beyond a general comorbidity and an externalizing factor. We used twin analyses to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to these associations. Results On the average, each additional conduct symptom in childhood was associated with a 32% increased risk of the adverse outcomes in emerging adulthood (mean hazard ratio = 1.32; range = 1.16, 1.56). A latent childhood conduct problems factor predicted the internalizing factor in emerging adulthood (βboys = .24, standard error, SE = 0.03; βgirls = .17, SE = 0.03), above and beyond its association with the externalizing (βboys = 0.21, SE = 0.04; βgirls = 0.17, SE = 0.05) and general factors (βboys = 0.45, SE = 0.03; βgirls = 0.34, SE = 0.04). These associations were differentially influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Conclusions It is important to monitor boys and girls with conduct problems not only for future externalizing problems, but also for future internalizing problems. Prevention of specific outcomes, however, might require interventions at different levels.

Published
2019

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