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1. Kallikrein 6 as a serum prognostic marker in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Author

Eduardo Martínez-Morillo, Anastasia Diamandis, Alexander D Romaschin, and Eleftherios P Diamandis

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating condition that frequently causes death or significant disabilities. Blood tests to predict possible early complications could be very useful aids for therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze serum levels of kallikrein 6 (KLK6) in individuals with aSAH to determine the relevance of this protease with the outcome of these patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A reference interval for KLK6 was established by using serum samples (n=136) from an adult population. Additionally, serum samples (n=326) from patients with aSAH (n=13) were collected for 5 to 14 days, to study the concentration of KLK6 in this disease. The correlation between KLK6 and S100B, an existing brain damage biomarker, was analyzed in 8 of 13 patients. The reference interval for KLK6 was established to be 1.04 to 3.93 ng/mL. The mean levels in patients with aSAH within the first 56 hours ranged from 0.27 to 1.44 ng/mL, with lowest levels found in patients with worse outcome. There were significant differences between patients with good recovery or moderate disability (n=8) and patients with severe disability or death (n=5) (mean values of 1.03 ng/mL versus 0.47 ng/mL, respectively) (p

Published
2012
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2. The role of human kallikrein 6, clusterin and adiponectin as potential blood biomarkers of dementia

Author

Sanja Kačkov, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Anastasia Diamandis, Ana-Maria Simundic, Ilijana Begcevic, Irena Martinić-Popović, and Lora Dukić

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Neurology, Clinical Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Dementia, Cognitive Dysfunction, dementia, kallikrein 6, adiponectin, clusterin, Vascular dementia, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clusterin, biology, Adiponectin, Interleukin-6, business.industry, Dementia, Vascular, Neuropsychology, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Disease Progression, biology.protein, Female, Kallikreins, Alzheimer's disease, business, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Objectives Progressive degenerative syndromes which affect brain, altering memory, behavior, cognition and emotion, are commonly defined as dementia. It was suggested that serum human kallikrein 6 (KLK6), clusterin (CLU) and adiponectin (ADPN) in combination with inflammation markers, neuroimaging and neuropsychological testing could assist in discriminating dementia patients from control individuals. Our aim was therefore to compare serum concentrations of KLK6, CLU and ADPN and inflammatory marker, interleukin-6 (IL-6), in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with vascular dementia (VAD), cognitively healthy participants (CHP) and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design and methods Serum samples were collected from AD, VAD and MCI patients admitted to the University Department of Neurology (Zagreb, Croatia) for regular follow-up. All patients underwent standard neuroimaging procedures including brain CT, neurosonological assessment with intima-media thickness (IMT) and breath holding index (BHI) calculations. Cognitive abilities were tested using standard Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Concentrations of KLK6, CLU, ADPN and IL-6 were determined in all serum samples. Results We have recruited a total of 235 participants, divided in 4 groups: AD (N = 70), VAD (N = 67), MCI (N = 48) and CHP (N = 50). Serum concentrations of KLK6 (P = 0.137), CLU (P = 0.178) and ADPN (P = 0.268) did not differ between AD, VAD, MCI and cognitively healthy control group of participants, whereas IL-6 was significantly higher in VAD patients than in AD, MCI and CHP individuals (P = 0.014). There was no association between investigated biomarkers and clinical patient parameters. Conclusions Serum concentrations of KLK6, CLU and ADPN do not differ between AD, VAD and controls with and without mild cognitive impairment. Higher IL-6 levels in VAD group point to the inflammatory component in the development of vascular dementia. Investigated biomarkers are not associated with neuroimaging findings and neuropsychological patient data.

Published
2015

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