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Using a prospective cohorts design, this study assessed the long-term criminal consequences of childhood abuse/neglect in 908 cases. Early childhood sexual abuse did not uniquely increase risk for later delinquent and criminal behavior, compared to other types of abuse/neglect. Child abuse victims were at higher risk of adult arrest for sex crimes than controls. (Author/JDD)

There is a growing interest in eliminating the wires connecting sensors to the microprocessors in cars due to an increasing number of sensors deployed in modern cars. One option for implementing an intra-car wireless sensor network is the use of ZigBee technology. In this article we report the results of a ZigBee-based case study conducted in a vehicle. Overall, the results of the experiments and measurements show that ZigBee is a viable and promising technology for implementing an intra-car wireless sensor network. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background. A self-report screening scale of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was developed in conjunction with revision of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The current report presents data on concordance of the ASRS and of a short-form ASRS screener with blind clinical diagnoses in a community sample.Method. The ASRS includes 18 questions about frequency of recent DSM-IV Criterion A symptoms of adult ADHD. The ASRS screener consists of six out of these 18 questions that were selected based on stepwise logistic regression to optimize concordance with the clinical classification. ASRS responses were compared to blind clinical ratings of DSM-IV adult ADHD in a sample of 154 respondents who previously participated in the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), oversampling those who reported childhood ADHD and adult persistence.Results. Each ASRS symptom measure was significantly related to the comparable clinical symptom rating, but varied substantially in concordance (Cohen's [kappa] in the range 0·16-0·81). Optimal scoring to predict clinical syndrome classifications was to sum unweighted dichotomous responses across all 18 ASRS questions. However, because of the wide variation in symptom-level concordance, the unweighted six-question ASRS screener outperformed the unweighted 18-question ASRS in sensitivity (68·7% v. 56·3%), specificity (99·5% v. 98·3%), total classification accuracy (97·9% v. 96·2%), and [kappa] (0·76 v. 0·58).Conclusions. Clinical calibration in larger samples might show that a weighted version of the 18-question ASRS outperforms the six-question ASRS screener. Until that time, however, the unweighted screener should be preferred to the full ASRS, both in community surveys and in clinical outreach and case-finding initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. One hundred and thirty male and 213 female college students responded to a self-report delinquency and crime measure and to a scale of sidedness preferences. Consistent with most of the literature on official delinquency and crime, left handedness was positively associated with involvement in several forms of delinquency (including some degree of criminality) among males. Other measures of sidedness among males largely failed to correlate with delinquency, however. Among females, sidedness was much less systematically related to delinquency than among males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacokinetics of the experimental antitumor agent indicine N-oxide were investigated in a group of 23 pediatric cancer patients. Plasma elimination of indicine N-oxide was best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean plasma distribution phase half-life, plasma elimination phase half-life, and plasma clearance were 8 min, 84 min, and 62 ml/min/m2 (2.1 ml/min/kg), respectively. One patient with renal impairment had an abnormally long plasma elimination phase half-life (275 min) and reduced plasma clearance (17 ml/min/m2). Plasma elimination phase half-life values increased and plasma clearance values decreased with increasing age of the pediatric patients. Plasma elimination of indicine N-oxide was more rapid in this group of children than in adults who had previously received the drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma and urine concentrations of amygdalin, whole-blood concentrations of cyanide, and thiocyanate concentrations in serum and urine were determined in cancer patients following intravenous (4.5 g/m2) and oral (500-mg tablet) administration of amygdalin. To measure low plasma concentrations of amygdalin following oral administration a GC/MS assay was developed. Following intravenous administration, concentrations of parent drug as high as 1,401 microgram/ml were observed, with no increase in plasma concentrations of cyanide or serum concentrations of thiocyanate. Plasma elimination of amygdalin was best described by a two-compartment open model with a mean distributive phase half-life of 6.2 min, mean elimination phase half-life of 120.3 min, and mean clearance of 99.3 ml/min. Following oral administration of amygdalin, plasma concentrations were much lower, with peak values of less than 525 ng/ml. Cyanide concentrations increased to values as high as 2.1 microgram/ml whole blood. Thiocyanate concentrations did not increase for several days, plateauing at values as high as 38 microgram/ml serum. Ingestion of almonds by two patients taking oral amygdalin increased cyanide concentrations compared with values obtained after oral amygdalin alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics have been reported more frequently for anticancer drugs than for other drugs, probably because anticancer drugs are studied over a wide range of doses during early evaluation and because of the increasing use of anticancer drugs at very high doses. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics are reflected most commonly as an increase in the biological half-life of a drug and a greater than proportional increase in plasma concentration of the drug and in area under the drug concentration-time curve with increase in dose. Occasionally the rate of drug removal increases with increasing dose. These nonlinear changes in drug concentrations with dose may lead to increases in toxicity out of proportion to increases in dose. Appreciation of the possibility of dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is important in the clinical pharmacologic evaluation of new drugs, and may be essential for the design of effective therapeutic regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a new circuit design for automatic electrostatic vibroscopes is presented. Previously, the component which stabilized the self-oscillatory motion of the filament in the feedback loop of electrostatic vibroscopes was a negative temperature coefficient thermistor. In the present system this device is replaced with a programmable analog compander. This modification represents an improvement because response time is faster, the steady-state conditions are more stable, and the overall performance of the vibroscope is less susceptible to errors caused by changes in environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]