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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of landvs. aquatic based plyometric training programs on the drop jump, repeated jump performance and muscle damage. Sixty-five male students were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: aquatic plyometric training group (APT), plyometric training group (PT) and control group (CG). Both experimental groups trained twice a week for 10 weeks performing the same number of sets and total jumps. The following variables were measured prior to, halfway through and after the training programs: creatine kinase (CK) concentration, maximal height during a drop jump from the height of 30 (DJ30) and 50 cm (DJ50), and mean height during a repeated vertical jump test (RJ). The training program resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.01-0.001) in RJ, DJ30, and DJ50 for PT, whereas neither APT nor CG reached any significant improvement APT showed likely/possibly improvements on DJ30 and DJ50, respectively. Greater intra-group Effect Size in CK was found for PT when compared to APT. In conclusion, although APT seems to be a safe alternative method for reducing the stress produced on the musculoskeletal system by plyometric training, PT produced greater gains on reactive jumps performance than APT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Dynamic analysis can be used to study the changes of self-regulated biological processes driven by external stimuli. Recently, the changes of heart rate during effort tests has successfully been adjusted using a simple first-order differential equation model driven by body power expenditure. Although this approach produces valid estimates and yields pertinent indices for the analysis of such measurements, it suffers from an inability to model the saturation of the heart-rate increase at high power expenditures and the change of heart-rate equilibrium following effort., Approach: We propose a new analysis allowing the estimation of changes of the heart rate in response to effort (gain) as a function of the power expenditure value., Main Results: When applied to the measured heart rates of 30 amateur athletes performing a maximum graded-effort treadmill test, the proposed model was able to predict 99% of the heart rate change measured during exercise. The estimated gains decreased with a power increase above the first ventilatory threshold. This trend was stronger above the second ventilatory threshold and was strongly correlated with the maximum oxygen consumption., Significance: The proposed approach yields a highly precise model of heart rate dynamics during variable effort that reflects the changes of metabolic energy systems at play during exercise.

Background: Two types of detraining can be described: short-term detraining with a period of less than 4 weeks, and long-term detraining (period longer than 4 weeks). The purpose of this study is to verify the presence and eventually the magnitude of physiological cardiorespiratory changes in young team sport players after a period of long-term detraining., Methods: Fourteen young soccer players (15 ± 1 year) were studied with two incremental tests at the end of the regular season and after a six-week total break period from training activities. Physiological variables were evaluated: heart rate (HR), oxygen uptake (VO₂), volume of ventilation (VE), aerobic (VA) and anaerobic (Van) running speed at thresholds and maximum effort were recorded., Results: This study shows the magnitude of the physiological changes in young players after a period of long-term detraining. The results showed significant decreases at the end of the detraining period of VO₂ at VA of 22.7% (44.54 ± 4.56 vs. 34.41 ± 4.57 mL/kg/min, P<0.05), of 25.8% of VO₂ at VAn (54.60 ± 5.81 vs. 40.48 ± 5.07 mL/kg/min, P<0.05) and of 21.2% in VO₂ max (62.83 ± 5.77 vs. 49.46 ± 6.51 mL/kg/min, P<0.05). Speed at VA (11.5 ± 0.96 vs. 10.7 ± 0.97 km/h; P<0.05), speed at VAn (15.3 ± 1.05 vs. 14.2 ± 1.48 km/h; P<0.05), peak running speed (18.8 ± 1.20 vs. 17.2 ± 1.1 km/h; P<0.05)., Conclusion: It is likely that alteration of metabolic parameters may significantly affect the range of physical condition and especially, aerobic-anaerobic resistance and maintenance training would be advisable in young athletes during the transition period. Given the relevance of worsening demonstrated by our data, coaches should avoid very long periods of complete rest (no more than 15 days) at the end of the season.