Search

Background: Occupational therapy (OT) has historically used cooking as an intervention and assessment approach across settings. Current practices in OT and the emergence of the multidisciplinary field of culinary medicine highlight the relationship between cooking and health. Aims/Objectives: To map the current literature on OT and cooking and to identify key factors that may facilitate collaboration within culinary medicine. Materials and Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology to identify primary contexts and clinical settings. Publications were analysed using framework thematic analysis to identify OT themes and roles. Results: A total of 56 studies met the criteria for inclusion. The majority of studies (n = 29, 53%) represented home/community settings and brain injury was the largest clinical group (n = 15, 27%). Primary themes related to person (n = 47, 43%), occupation (n = 30 (28%), environment (n = 19, 17%), and psychosocial wellbeing (n = 13, 12%). The primary OT role identified was that of interventionist (n = 48, 86%). Conclusions/Significance: OT's holistic practice places cooking within a larger context that can help identify and overcome the barriers to participation. Findings support multiple pathways in which OT can contribute to cooking initiatives for health promotion and potentially expand OT practice in population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report for the first time the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to butene using formic acid as the hydrogen source with 1 wt% Pd/carbon in a continuous flow reactor. The catalytic results show that the selectivity is even higher when formic acid is used compared to gas hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Articular cartilage is characterized by low cell density of only one cell type, chondrocytes, and has limited self-healing properties. When articular cartilage is affected by traumatic injuries, a therapeutic strategy such as autologous chondrocyte implantation is usually proposed for its treatment. This approach requires in vitro chondrocyte expansion to yield high cell number for cell transplantation. To improve the efficiency of this procedure, it is necessary to assess cell dynamics such as migration, proliferation and cell death during culture. Computational models such as cellular automata can be used to simulate cell dynamics in order to enhance the result of cell culture procedures. This methodology has been implemented for several cell types; however, an experimental validation is required for each one. For this reason, in this research a cellular automata model, based on random-walk theory, was devised in order to predict articular chondrocyte behavior in monolayer culture during cell expansion. Results demonstrated that the cellular automata model corresponded to cell dynamics and computed-accurate quantitative results. Moreover, it was possible to observe that cell dynamics depend on weighted probabilities derived from experimental data and cell behavior varies according to the cell culture period. Thus, depending on whether cells were just seeded or proliferated exponentially, culture time probabilities differed in percentages in the CA model. Furthermore, in the experimental assessment a decreased chondrocyte proliferation was observed along with increased passage number. This approach is expected to having other uses as in enhancing articular cartilage therapies based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insertion of a dental implant activates a sequence of wound healing events ending with bone formation and implant osseointegration. This sequence starts with the blood coagulation process and the formation of a fibrin network that detains spilt blood. Fibrin formation can be simplified as the kinetic reaction between thrombin and fibrinogen preceding the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin. Based on experimental observations of the electrical properties of these molecules, we present a hypothesis for the mechanism of a static electrical stimulus in controlling the formation of the blood clot. Specifically, the electrical stimulus increases the fibrin network formation in such a way that a preferential region of higher fibrin density is obtained. This hypothesis is validated by means of a numerical model for the blood clot formation at the bone-dental implant interface. Numerical results compare favorably to experimental observations for blood clotting with and without the static electrical stimulus. It is concluded that the density of the fibrin network depends on the strength of the static electrical stimulus, and that the blood clot formation has a preferential direction of formation in the presence of the electrical signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a computational model of bone remodelling problem as proposed by Weinans et al. (1992) is described and solved by other temporal integration techniques different from the Euler scheme. This model considers three types of numerical integration schemes of the evolution of the material density during the remodelling: Euler, Heun and Runge–Kutta methods. Also the strain and the density field are obtained inside each element, at Gauss points or at the nodes of the mesh. A square plate with 1.00 m of side subjected to non-uniform pressure is simulated with two meshes of quadrilateral element with size and  m. Two increments time size: and days are used. The results show that Euler, Heun and Runge–Kutta's methods correctly approached the problem of bone remodelling and that there were no appreciable differences in the patterns obtained by the mesh and time step used. In contrast, using an element-based approach and node-based approach, substantial differences were produced in bone remodelling density pattern. ‘Chess board’ type discontinuities were found in the element approach near the applied pressure area, as were well-defined columns away from this. The node-based approach showed continuity in density distribution. These patterns were well represented by the methods for resolving the density equation. This study concluded that any method of time integration could be used for these meshes and time steps size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The partial rupture of ligament fibres leads to an injury known as grade 2 sprain. Wound healing after injury consists of four general stages: swelling, release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast migration and proliferation and collagen production. The aim of this paper is to present a mathematical model based on reaction–diffusion equations for describing the repair of the medial collateral ligament when it has suffered a grade 2 sprain. We have used the finite element method to solve the equations of this. The results have simulated the tissue swelling at the time of injury, predicted PDGF influence, the concentration of fibroblasts migrating towards the place of injury and reproduced the random orientation of immature collagen fibres. These results agree with experimental data reported by other authors. The model describes wound healing during the 9 days following such injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We invert GPS velocities from 32 sites in El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua to estimate the rate of long-term forearc motion and distributions of interseismic coupling across the Middle America subduction zone offshore from these countries and faults in the Salvadoran and Nicaraguan volcanic arcs. A 3-D finite element model is used to approximate the geometries of the subduction interface and strike-slip faults in the volcanic arc and determine the elastic response to coupling across these faults. The GPS velocities are best fit by a model in which the forearc moves 14–16 mm yr−1 and has coupling of 85–100 per cent across faults in the volcanic arc, in agreement with the high level of historic and recent earthquake activity in the volcanic arc. Our velocity inversion indicates that coupling across the potentially seismogenic areas of the subduction interface is remarkably weak, averaging no more than 3 per cent of the plate convergence rate and with only two poorly resolved patches where coupling might be higher along the 550-km-long segment we modelled. Our geodetic evidence for weak subduction coupling disagrees with a seismically derived coupling estimate of 60 ± 10 per cent from a published analysis of earthquake damage back to 1690, but agrees with three other seismologic studies that infer weak subduction coupling from 20th century earthquakes. Most large historical earthquakes offshore from El Salvador and western Nicaragua may therefore have been intraslab normal faulting events similar to the 7.3 1982 and 7.7 2001 earthquakes offshore from El Salvador. Alternatively, the degree of coupling might vary with time. The evidence for weak coupling indirectly supports a recently published hypothesis that much of the Middle American forearc is escaping to the west or northwest away from the Cocos Ridge collision zone in Costa Rica. Such a hypothesis is particularly attractive for El Salvador, where there is little or no convergence obliquity to drive the observed trench-parallel forearc motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Energy Standards used in Chile reduce 82% of energy consumption in public buildings. • Buildinǵs using energy standards increase environmental load in construction stage. • Reducing energy consumption in use phase of buildinǵs don't ensure a GHG reduction. • Sustainable materials in Thermal envelopes reduces a building total carbon footprint. Public policy in Chile proposes reaching carbon neutrality by 2050. Regarding the construction sector, the application of energy efficiency standards in public buildings has been encouraged. However, the contribution of these standards to life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction still remains unknown. This study aims to determine the impact of implementing the Standardized Reference Terms of Energy Efficiency (TDRe for its Spanish acronym) on the reduction of the Carbon Footprint (hereafter CF) during the life cycle of public buildings. To that end, a theoretical calculation and analysis of the CF of four case studies is performed comprising the construction and use phases of their life cycle. The inclusion of the construction phase allows understanding the actual implications of implementing TDRe in buildings. The results show that TDRe can reduce the use phase CF of the case studies in 82%, in contrast with the increase of the construction phase CF in 14%. Such increase is mostly associated to construction materials of the thermal envelope and the type of fuel used for heating. This leads to conclude that limiting the energy demand of buildings from the design phase is not enough to reduce the building's entire life cycle CF, and therefore a life-cycle approach that considers the aforementioned elements must be applied in the analysis in order to produce eco-efficient buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A survey for ozone-induced foliar injury of black cherry was conducted in mid-June 1995 within the Desierto de Los Leones National Park located southwest of Mexico City. Evaluations of the upper and lower tree crowns of 18 trees revealed evidence of significant upper surfacestipple, leaf reddening and premature senescence on 72% of the trees. A general survey of an additional 169 trees disclosed that 41% exhibited similar symptoms. A gradient of increasing symptoms with increasing elevation was also evident. For the most part, asymptomatic trees were observed to be situated within well-shaded coves at the lower elevations with very few symptomatic trees present in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the basis of organ sparing therapy for locally advanced cancers. However, non-targeted chemotherapies cause toxicities. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) spatially target drug delivery for biomarker selected cancer patients. The potent anti-tubulin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) is the most common ADC drug warhead. In prior studies, MMAE radiosensitized and improved irradiated tumor control of human tumor xenografts in immune-deficient mice. No studies to date have examined MMAE radiosensitization in the tumor immune microenvironment context. We hypothesized MMAE-ADCs achieve spatially precise radiosensitized tumor kill that engages tumor immune responses. ADCs are optimized to bind human receptors. To synthesize a MMAE-ADC recognizing murine isoforms, we conjugated MMAE to anti-HER3 antibody CDX3379 creating CDX3379-MMAE and labeled it with Cy5 for non-invasive tracking. An advantage of CDX3379 is it recognizes both human & murine HER3. MMAE radiosensitization of murine cancer cell lines (B16, LL2, MC38) was tested by clonogenic survival. In vivo tumor targeting and efficacy studies were done in HER3+ murine syngeneic tumors grown subcutaneously (B16, MOC1) or orthotopically in tongues (MOC2) in C57BL/6 mice. CDX3379-MMAE (2.5 nmoles) was given i.v. followed by focal fractionated ionizing radiation (IR) of 5 Gy x 3. Anti-PD-1 antibody was given i.p. (200 ug, BioXCell) with start of CDX3379-MMAE for 3 doses. For CD8 depletion, mice were i.p. injected with anti-CD8 antibody (10 mg/kg, BioXCell) prior to tumor cell implant and then weekly. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and log-rank (Mantel-Cox). Fluorescent mouse imaging for Cy5 labeled ADC evaluated tumor targeting. Efficacy was determined by tumor volume and mouse survival. Tumor immune infiltration was assayed by flow cytometry. In cell culture, MMAE arrested all murine cancer cell lines tested in G 2 /M and radiosensitized in the 1-3 nmolar range, P<0.01. In syngeneic models, CDX3379-MMAE accumulated in HER3+ but not HER3 negative tumors by Cy5 imaging. Combining CDX3379-MMAE with IR increased tumor growth delay and mouse survival, P<0.01. Temporal analysis of tumor immune infiltration demonstrated CDX3379-MMAE + IR therapy increased CD8+ T cell tumor immune infiltration, P<0.01. Mechanistically, tumor control by CDX3379-MMAE + IR was attenuated with CD8 T cell depletion. Finally, anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibition potentiated CDX3379-MMAE + IR durable tumor control, P<0.0001. These studies provide the first demonstration MMAE-ADC radiosensitization produces durable tumor control in a CD8 T cell dependent manner that is potentiated by immune checkpoint inhibition. Our studies have exciting translational implications by providing a foundation for irradiated cancer patients to be concurrently treated with spatially precise ADC radio-immunosensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth rate of sporadic VS varies considerably, posing challenges for consistent clinical management. This systematic review examines data on factors associated with VS growth, following a protocol registered in the PROSPERO database. The analysis reveals that key predictors of tumor growth include tumor location, initial size, and specific clinical symptoms such as hearing loss and imbalance. Additionally, several studies suggest that growth observed within the first year may serve as an indicator of subsequent progression, enabling the earlier identification of high-risk cases. Emerging factors such as the posture swing test and MRI signal intensity have also been identified as novel predictors that could further refine growth assessments. Our meta-analysis confirms that tumor location, initial size, cystic components, and vestibular symptoms are closely linked to the likelihood of VS growth. This review provides valuable guidance for clinicians in identifying patients who may require closer monitoring or early intervention. By integrating these predictive factors into clinical practice, this review supports more personalized treatment and contributes to the development of more accurate prognostic models for managing untreated sporadic VS.