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3. Cribriform Plate Foramina Count in Patients With Acquired and Congenital Anosmia.

Author

Juratli, Jerry Hadi, High, Brigit, Joshi, Akshita, Yilmaz, Eren, Yildirim, Duzgun, Altundag, Aytug, and Hummel, Thomas

Subjects
ETHMOID bone, CRIBRIFORM plate, OLFACTORY nerve, KALLMANN syndrome, OLFACTORY bulb
Abstract

Background: Cribriform foramina provide the openings for olfactory nerve fibers to cross from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb. Disruption of the olfactory nerve fibers is known to affect olfactory function, but little is known about the potential effects on the number of cribriform foramina in congenital anosmia. Objective: This pilot study aimed to investigate whether there was a reduction in foramina in patients with acquired and congenital anosmia (including both Kallmann syndrome and isolated congenital anosmia) compared to controls with normal olfactory function. Methods: Paranasal CT image stacks were analyzed from 20 patients with congenital anosmia (n = 6), acquired anosmia (n = 6), or normal olfactory function (n = 8). Cribriform foramina were counted by three observers from the slice revealing the crista galli and the ethmoidal slits. The two closest values for each subject were analyzed in comparison across the three groups using one-way analysis of variance. Results: Patients with congenital, but not acquired, anosmia had significantly fewer cribriform foramina (x̄ ± SE = 10.17 ± 1.23) compared to healthy, normosmic controls (x̄ ± SE = 19.88 ± 2.01). There was no significant difference in foramina count between congenital and acquired anosmics (x̄ ± SE = 15.83 ± 3.47). Conclusion: In this pilot study, a reduced number of cribriform foramina was found in individuals with congenital anosmia. Examination of cribriform foramina could be helpful in counseling patients with olfactory loss. Further investigation in larger studies with additional cohorts is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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4. An Epigenetic Locus Associated with Loss of Smell in COVID-19.

Author

Aslan, Elif Sibel, White, Kenneth, Meral, Gulsen, Akcay, Zeyneb Nur, Altundag, Aytug, Gur, Savas, Dokur, Mehmet, Baktir, Mehmet Akif, and Karcioglu Batur, Lutfiye

Subjects
GENETIC variation, GENOME-wide association studies, COVID-19, DNA methylation, SMELL disorders
Abstract

Background/Aim: Loss of smell, also known as anosmia, is a prevalent and often prolonged symptom following infection with SARS-CoV-2. While many patients regain olfactory function within weeks, a significant portion experience persistent anosmia lasting over a year post-infection. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this sensory deficit remain largely uncharacterized. Previous studies, including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have identified genetic variants near the UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 genes that are linked to anosmia in COVID-19 patients. However, the role of epigenetic changes in the development and persistence of smell loss has not been well explored. In this study, we aimed to investigate epigenetic alterations in the form of DNA methylation in the UGT1A1 gene, which is a locus associated with olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Methods: We analysed DNA methylation patterns in blood samples from two carefully matched cohorts of 20 COVID-19 patients each, which are differentiated by their olfactory function—those with normal smell (normosmia) and those suffering from smell loss (anosmia). The cohorts were matched for age and sex to minimize potential confounding factors. Results: Using quantitative analysis, we found significantly lower levels of DNA methylation in the UGT1A1 locus in the anosmia group compared to the normosmia group, with a 14% decrease in median methylation values in patients with smell loss (p < 0.0001). These findings highlight potential epigenomic alterations in the UGT1A1 gene that may contribute to the pathogenesis of anosmia following COVID-19 infection. Our results suggest that the methylation status at this locus could serve as a biomarker for olfactory dysfunction in affected individuals. Conclusion: This study is among the first to describe epigenetic changes associated with smell loss in COVID-19, providing a foundation for future research into targeted interventions and potential therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing persistent anosmia. Further investigations involving larger cohorts and additional loci may help elucidate the complex interaction between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors influencing long-term sensory impairment post-COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Development of an International Odor Identification Test for Children: The Universal Sniff Test

Author

Schriever, Valentin A., Agosin, Eduardo, Altundag, Aytug, Avni, Hadas, Cao Van, Helene, Cornejo, Carlos, de los Santos, Gonzalo, Fishman, Gad, Fragola, Claudio, Guarneros, Marco, Gupta, Neelima, Hudson, Robyn, Kamel, Reda, Knaapila, Antti, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Landis, Basile N., Larsson, Maria, Lundström, Johan N., Macchi, Alberto, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Martinec Nováková, Lenka, Mori, Eri, Mullol, Joaquim, Nord, Marie, Parma, Valentina, Philpott, Carl, Propst, Evan J., Rawan, Ahmed, Sandell, Mari, Sorokowska, Agnieszka, Sorokowski, Piotr, Sparing-Paschke, Lisa-Marie, Stetzler, Carolin, Valder, Claudia, Vodicka, Jan, and Hummel, Thomas

Published
2018
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14. International clinical assessment of smell: An international, cross‐sectional survey of current practice in the assessment of olfaction.

Author

Whitcroft, Katherine L., Alobid, Isam, Altundag, Aytug, Andrews, Peter, Carrie, Sean, Fahmy, Miriam, Fjældstad, Alexander W., Gane, Simon, Hopkins, Claire, Hsieh, Julien Wen, Huart, Caroline, Hummel, Thomas, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Landis, Baslie N., Mori, Eri, Mullol, Joaquim, Philpott, Carl, Poulios, Aristotelis, Vodička, Jan, and Ward, Victoria M.

Subjects
PATIENT reported outcome measures, OLFACTOMETRY, SMELL, SMELL disorders, NONPROBABILITY sampling
Abstract

Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and carries significant personal and societal burden. Accurate assessment is necessary for good clinical and research practice but is highly dependent on the assessment technique used. Current practice with regards to UK/international clinical assessment is unknown. We aimed to capture current clinical practice, with reference to contemporaneously available guidelines. We further aimed to compare UK to international practice. Design: Anonymous online questionnaire with cross‐sectional non‐probability sampling. Subgroup analysis according to subspeciality training in rhinology ('rhinologists' and 'non‐rhinologists') was performed, with geographical comparisons only made according to subgroup. Participants: ENT surgeons who assess olfaction. Results: Responses were received from 465 clinicians (217 from UK and 17 countries total). Country‐specific response rate varied, with the lowest rate being obtained from Japan (1.4%) and highest from Greece (72.5%). Most UK clinicians do not perform psychophysical smell testing during any of the presented clinical scenarios—though rhinologists did so more often than non‐rhinologists. The most frequent barriers to testing related to service provision (e.g., time/funding limitations). Whilst there was variability in practice, in general, international respondents performed psychophysical testing more frequently than those from the UK. Approximately 3/4 of all respondents said they would like to receive training in psychophysical smell testing. Patient reported outcome measures were infrequently used in the UK/internationally. More UK respondents performed diagnostic MRI scanning than international respondents. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive UK‐based, and only international survey of clinical practice in the assessment of OD. We present recommendations to improve practice, including increased education and funding for psychophysical smell testing. We hope this will promote accurate and reliable olfactory assessment, as is the accepted standard in other sensory systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Olfactory Nomenclature: An Orchestrated Effort to Clarify Terms and Definitions of Dysosmia, Anosmia, Hyposmia, Normosmia, Hyperosmia, Olfactory Intolerance, Parosmia, and Phantosmia/Olfactory Hallucination.

Author

Hernandez, Anna Kristina, Landis, Basile N., Altundag, Aytug, Fjaeldstad, Alexander Wieck, Gane, Simon, Holbrook, Eric H, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Lechner, Matt, Macchi, Alberto, Portillo Mazal, Patricia, Miwa, Takaki, Philpott, Carl M., Pinto, Jayant M., Poletti, Sophia C, Vodicka, Jan, Welge-Luessen, Antje, Whitcroft, Katherine L., and Hummel, Thomas

Subjects
SMELL disorders, HALLUCINATIONS, DEFINITIONS, RESEARCH personnel, SMELL
Abstract

Background: Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping. Summary: As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms "dysosmia," "anosmia," "hyposmia," "normosmia," "hyperosmia," "olfactory intolerance," "parosmia," and "phantosmia" (or "olfactory hallucination") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text. Key Messages: The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Mere end lugtesans - COVID-19 er associeret med svær påvirkning af lugtesansen, smagssansen og mundfølelsen

Author

Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D’Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S, Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S Craig, Yanık, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T, Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K, Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M, Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Indústries Alimentàries, Qualitat i Tecnologia Alimentària, Tecnologia Alimentària, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Mersin University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), AbScent, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Edinburgh, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro = University of Catanzaro (UMG), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Groupement scientifique de Biologie et de Medecine Spatiale (GSBMS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), San Diego State University (SDSU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Turku, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Medical Science University, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), DreamAir Llc, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Oregon State University (OSU), Ear Institute, UCL, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, Karunya University, Biruni University, Assi Sette Llaghi Varese, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute for Biology - Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Howard University College of Medicine, Towson University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Proteomics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Stockholm University, University of Gastronomic Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, University of Tennessee, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Guangzhou Medical University, Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Federal University of Technology of Akure (FUTA), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Dayton, CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Stirling, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina], Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran] (IPM), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Terrazas del Club Hipico, University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University., Julien, Sabine, Tıp Fakültesi, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Department of Food and Nutrition, Senses and Food, Research Center Jülich, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro [Catanzaro, Italie] (UMG), University of Extremadura, University of Padova, Yale University School of Medicine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of Helsinki, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], University of California San Diego Health, University of Brussels, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University of São Paulo (USP), UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, FSE Campus Venlo, and RS: FSE UCV

Subjects
Male, Taste, Physiology, Smagstab, Audiology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, RATINGS, Hyposmia, Surveys and Questionnaires, CHEMOSENSITIVITY, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Viral, PALADAR, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour, media_common, TASTE, US NATIONAL-HEALTH, [SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Middle Aged, Biological Sciences, 16. Peace & justice, Sensory Systems, 3. Good health, Smell, GCCR Group Author, ddc:540, Smell loss, Female, Original Article, medicine.symptom, Corrigendum, Coronavirus Infections, olfaction, Adult, somatosensation, medicine.medical_specialty, 663/664, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), OLFACTORY DISORDERS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, Pneumonia, Viral, head and neck surgery, Aged, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Somatosensory Disorders, Young Adult, Anosmia, Sensory system, Olfaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Chemesthesis, Physiology (medical), Perception, medicine, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Behaviour Change and Well-being, business.industry, R-PACKAGE, 3112 Neurosciences, Pneumonia, Parosmia, COMPONENT, Smagssans, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Sensoriek en eetgedrag, chemistry, Lugtetab, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Lugtesans
Abstract

Correction: Chemical Senses, Volume 46, 2021, bjab050, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjab050 Published: 08 December 2021 Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change +/- 100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 +/- 28.7, mean +/- standard deviation), taste (-69.0 +/- 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 +/- 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis.The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Published
2020
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31. The best COVID-19 predictor is recent smell loss: a cross-sectional study

Author

Gerkin, Richard, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria Geraldine, Joseph, Paule, Kelly, Christine, Bakke, Alyssa, Steele, Kimberley, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, M. Hakan, D'Errico, Anna, Fischmeister, Florian Ph.S, Bock, María Adelaida, Domínguez, Paloma Paloma, Yanık, Hüseyin, Boesveldt, Sanne, de Groot, Jasper, Dinnella, Caterina, Freiherr, Jessica, Laktionova, Tatiana, Mariño, Sajidxa, Monteleone, Erminio, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Ritchie, Marina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Al Abri, Rashid, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Bignon, Emmanuelle, Cantone, Elena, Cecchini, Maria Paola, Chen, Jingguo, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Hoover, Kara, Karni, Noam, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Rowan, Nicholas, Sarabi-Jamab, Atiye, Archer, Nicholas, Chen, Ben, Di Valerio, Elizabeth, Feeney, Emma, Frasnelli, Johannes, Hannum, Mackenzie, Hopkins, Claire, Klein, Hadar, Mignot, Coralie, Mucignat, Carla, Ning, Yuping, Ozturk, Elif, Peng, Mei, Saatci, Ozlem, Sell, Elizabeth, Yan, Carol, Alfaro, Raul, Cecchetto, Cinzia, Coureaud, Gérard, Herriman, Riley, Justice, Jeb, Kaushik, Pavan Kumar, Koyama, Sachiko, Overdevest, Jonathan, Pirastu, Nicola, Ramirez, Vicente, Roberts, S. Craig, Smith, Barry, Cao, Hongyuan, Wang, Hong, Balungwe, Patrick, Baguma, Marius, Veldhuizen, Maria, Farruggia, Michael, Pizio, Antonella, Hakan Ozdener, M, Fjaeldstad, Alexander, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari, Singh, Preet, Brindha, V. Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon, Saraiva, Luis, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fornazieri, Marco, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas, Philpott, Carl, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie, Voznessenskaya, Vera, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma, Yanik, Hüseyin, Group, GCCR, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John, Reed, Danielle, Niv, Masha, Munger, Steven, Parma, Valentina, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine [Jülich] (INM-1), Mersin University, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), AbScent, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [Bethesda], Yale University [New Haven], Tennessee State University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Monell Chemical Senses Center, Regional Hospital West Jutland [Denmark], University of Helsinki, University of Oslo (UiO), Karunya University, Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Research at Sidra Medicine Research Branch [Doha, Qatar], Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology [New Delhi] (IIIT-Delhi), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), San Diego State University (SDSU), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Graz, Howard University, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc [Bruxelles], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo (UNISG), Stockholm University, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Biruni University, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospital General de Barrio Obrero [Asunción, Paraguay] (Public Hospital Barrio Obrero ), Private practice [Milan], DreamAir Llc, Oregon State University (OSU), Cancer Center Karolinska [Karolinska Institutet] (CCK), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Insubria, Varese, Computational Biology Center (IBM T.J. Watson Research Center), IBM, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran] (IPM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra [Pamplona, Spain] (IdiSNA), University of Extremadura, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Non-byline authors (to be listed as collaborators in PubMed under the GCCR Group Author): Sanne Boesveldt, Jasper H.B. de Groot, Caterina Dinnella, Jessica Freiherr, Tatiana Laktionova, Sajidxa Mariño, Erminio Monteleone, Alexia Nunez-Parra, Olagunju Abdulrahman, Marina Ritchie, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Julie Walsh-Messinger, Rashid Al Abri, Rafieh Alizadeh, Emmanuelle Bignon, Elena Cantone, Maria Paola Cecchini, Jingguo Chen, Maria Dolors Guàrdia, Kara C. Hoover, Noam Karni, Marta Navarro, Alissa A. Nolden, Patricia Portillo Mazal, Nicholas R. Rowan, Atiye SarabiJamab, Nicholas S. Archer, Ben Chen, Elizabeth A. Di Valerio, Emma L. Feeney, Johannes Frasnelli, Mackenzie E. Hannum, Claire Hopkins, Hadar Klein, Coralie Mignot, Carla Mucignat, Yuping Ning, Elif E. Ozturk, Mei Peng, Ozlem Saatci, Elizabeth A. Sell, Carol H. Yan, Raul Alfaro, Cinzia Cecchetto, Gérard Coureaud, Riley D. Herriman, Jeb M. Justice, Pavan Kumar Kaushik, Sachiko Koyama, Jonathan B. Overdevest, Nicola Pirastu, Vicente A. Ramirez, S. Craig Roberts, Barry C. Smith, Hongyuan Cao, Hong Wang, Patrick Balungwe Birindwa, Marius Baguma, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, The Pennsylvania State University, University of Tennessee, University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Radboud university [Nijmegen], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, 119071, Russia., RespiraLibre - Centro de Otorrinolaringología, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Partenaires INRAE, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Federal University of Technology of Akure (FUTA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Dayton, Iran University of Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, University of Verona (UNIVR), Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center [Jerusalem], University of Southern Queensland (USQ), University of Massachusetts, Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina], Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (GMU), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, University of Padova [Padova, Italy], Kilis Yedi Aralik University, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Sancaktepe Education and Research Hospital, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], UC San Diego Health, University ofFlorida, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), University of Edinburgh, University of California [Merced], University of Stirling, University of London [London], Florida State University [Panama City], Université catholique de Bukavu, Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Sidra Medicine, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, Howard University College of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University , Geneva , Switzerland., CHU Genève, General Hospital Papageorgiou, University of Toulouse, University of Padova, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Navarrabiomed-IdiSNA, Temple University, Julien, Sabine, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Universitad de Buenos Aires = University of Buenos Aires [Argentina], Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Radboud University [Nijmegen], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli studi di Verona = University of Verona (UNIVR), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), University of Pennsylvania-University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine [Univ California San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore], University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), and Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Cross-sectional study, Visual analogue scale, Anosmia, Audiology, Logistic regression, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, Article, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Hyposmia, Humans, Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Smell, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Cross-Sectional Studies, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Smell loss, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Original Article, Self Report, medicine.symptom, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

BackgroundCOVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19.MethodsThis preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery.ResultsBoth C19+ and C19-groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ∼50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset.ConclusionsAs smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4

Published
2020

32. Modified Olfactory Training Is an Effective Treatment Method for COVID‐19 Induced Parosmia.

Author

Altundag, Aytug, Yilmaz, Eren, and Kesimli, Mustafa Caner

Abstract

Objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) infection often causes olfactory dysfunction and parosmia may occur in some patients with olfactory dysfunction. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of modified olfactory training (MOT) for the treatment of COVID‐19‐induced parosmia. Study Design: This study presents results of MOT performed with 12 odors for 36 weeks in patients with olfactory dysfunction following COVID‐19 infection. A total of 75 participants were included in the study (mean age 33 years, range 16–60 years). Methods: The patients were separated into two groups: 1) Treatment group consisted of parosmia patients who received MOT with three sets of four different odors sequentially. 2) Control group consisted of parosmia patients who did not perform any olfactory training. Both groups were matched for age and sex distribution of participants. TDI scores were compared at the time of application and at the end of the 9th month by the Sniffin' Sticks Test. The results of the 0th and 9th months were recorded by applying the parosmia assessment scale to both groups. The results were analyzed statistically, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: When the treatment group and the control group were compared, a significant improvement was observed in both groups at the third, sixth, and ninth month, however the improvement in the treatment group was found to be better than in the control group (P <.001). Extending the treatment from 6 to 9 months in the treatment group was found to be effective in mitigating parosmia complaints and improving discrimination scores (P <.001). Conclusion: This study has shown that modified olfactory training is effective in the treatment of parosmia following COVID‐19 infection. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 132:1433–1438, 2022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.

Author

Patel, Zara M., Holbrook, Eric H., Turner, Justin H., Adappa, Nithin D., Albers, Mark W., Altundag, Aytug, Appenzeller, Simone, Costanzo, Richard M., Croy, Ilona, Davis, Greg E., Dehgani‐Mobaraki, Puya, Doty, Richard L., Duffy, Valerie B., Goldstein, Bradley J., Gudis, David A., Haehner, Antje, Higgins, Thomas S., Hopkins, Claire, Huart, Caroline, and Hummel, Thomas

Published
2022
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34. Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19: a preregistered, cross-sectional study

Author

Parma, Valentina, Overdevest, Jonathan B, Peng, Mei, Saatci, Ozlem, Sell, Elizabeth A, Yan, Carol H, Alfaro, Raul, Cecchetto, Cinzia, Coureaud, Gérard, Herriman, Riley D, Justice, Jeb M, Kaushik, Pavan Kumar, Koyama, Sachiko, Pirastu, Nicola, Ning, Yuping, Ramirez, Vicente A, Roberts, S Craig, Smith, Barry C, Cao, Hongyuan, Wang, Hong, Balungwe, Patrick, Baguma, Marius, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E, Reed, Danielle R, Niv, Masha Y, Munger, Steven D, Ozturk, Elif E, Gerkin, Richard C, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria Geraldine, Joseph, Paule V, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Steele, Kimberley E, Farruggia, Michael C, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela M, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, M Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A, Singh, Preet B, Brindha, V Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B, Saraiva, Luis R, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Philpott, Carl M, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D C, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan N, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Domínguez, Paloma Paloma, Yanık, Hüseyin, Boesveldt, Sanne, de Groot, Jasper H B, Dinnella, Caterina, Freiherr, Jessica, Laktionova, Tatiana, Mariño, Sajidxa, Monteleone, Erminio, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Ritchie, Marina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Al Abri, Rashid, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Bignon, Emmanuelle, Cantone, Elena, Cecchini, Maria Paola, Chen, Jingguo, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Hoover, Kara C, Karni, Noam, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Rowan, Nicholas R, Sarabi-Jamab, Atiye, Archer, Nicholas S, Chen, Ben, Di Valerio, Elizabeth A, Feeney, Emma L, Frasnelli, Johannes, Hannum, Mackenzie, Hopkins, Claire, Klein, Hadar, Mignot, Coralie, Mucignat, Carla, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, and UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience

Abstract

COVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19. This preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing no significant model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset. As smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (10

Published
2020

35. More than smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Author

Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Pizio, Antonella di, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guárdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, K.L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Brink, Mirjam van den, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian P.S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Schilds, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohanned K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, Groot, Jasper H.B. de, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., Hayes, John E., and Publica

Abstract

Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

Published
2020

36. Comparison of Olfactory Cleft Width and Volumes in Patients with COVID-19 Anosmia and COVID-19 Cases Without Anosmia.

Author

Tekcan Sanli, Deniz Esin, Altundag, Aytug, Yıldırım, Duzgun, Kandemirli, Sedat Giray, and Sanli, Ahmet Necati

Subjects
*SMELL disorders, *COVID-19 pandemic, *COVID-19, *OLDER patients, *PARANASAL sinuses, *REGRESSION analysis
Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between olfactory cleft width/volume and COVID-19-related anosmia. Methods: This study consisted of PCR-proven COVID-19 patients. Cases with COVID-19-related anosmia constituted Group 1 and cases without any olfactory dysfunction (OD) throughout COVID-19 infection or after recovery constituted Group 2. A total of 50 patients were included in the study, comprising 24 cases in Group 1 and 26 cases in Group 2. Group 1 patients underwent a 4-item-odor identification test during active symptoms and a Sniffin' Sticks test after reconversion of PCR results to negative. All patients in Group 2 also underwent the Sniffin' Stick test to document normosmia. All cases had paranasal sinus CT performed. Olfactory cleft widths and olfactory volumes were measured. The differences in width and volume between groups and the correlation with odor test scores (threshold-discrimination-identification [TDI]) were calculated. In addition, regression analyzes analysis was performed for cleft widths, volumes, and TDI scores according to age. Results: Olfactory cleft widths and olfactory volumes were significantly higher in Group 1 than those in Group 2 (p = 0.001; p < 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between total TDI scores and olfactory cleft widths and total olfactory volumes (r = −0.665; r = −0.731, respectively). Patients younger than 40 years of age had significantly higher right olfactory cleft width, left olfactory cleft width, and olfactory cleft volume than those in patients older than 40 years of age (p = 0.004, p = 0.005, p = 0.003; p < 0,01, respectively). However, patients younger than 40 years of age had a significantly lower total TDI score and in all other values individually (t-d-i) than those in patients older than 40 years of age (p = 0.004; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Patients with COVID-19-related OD had larger olfactory cleft width and volumes than those without OD in this study. Total TDI score was found to be inversely correlated with cleft width and volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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38. Predictive value of CT imaging findings in COVID-19 pneumonia at the time of first-screen regarding the need for hospitalization or intensive care unit.

Author

Tekcan Sanli, Deniz Esin, Yildirim, Duzgun, Sanli, Ahmet Necati, Erozan, Neval, Husmen, Guray, Altundag, Aytug, Tuzuner, Filiz, Dikensoy, Oner, Kirisoglu, Ceyda Erel, and Erel Kirisoglu, Ceyda

Subjects
COMPUTED tomography, INTENSIVE care units, COVID-19, LUNGS
Abstract

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to reveal the relationship between initial lung parenchymal involvement patterns and the subsequent need for hospitalization and/or intensive care unit admission in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases.Methods: Overall, 231 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 as proven by PCR were included in this study. Based on the duration of hospitalization, patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group 1, patients receiving outpatient treatment or requiring hospitalization <7 days; Group 2, requiring hospitalization ≥7 days; Group 3, patients requiring at least 1 day of intensive care at any time. Chest CT findings at first admission were evaluated for the following features: typical/atypical involvement of the disease, infiltration patterns (ground-glass opacities, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation), distribution and the largest diameters of the lesions, total lesion numbers, number of affected lung lobes, and affected total lung parenchyma percentages. The variability of all these findings according to the groups was analyzed statistically.Results: In this study, 172 patients were in Group 1, 39 patients in Group 2, and 20 patients in Group 3. The findings obtained in this study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in ground-glass opacity rates among the groups (p = 0.344). The rates of crazy-paving and consolidation patterns were significantly higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). The rate of right upper, left upper lobe, and right middle lobe involvements as consolidation pattern was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p = 0.148, p = 0.935, p = 0.143, respectively). A statistically significant difference was also found between the affected lobe numbers, total lesion numbers, the diameter of the largest lesion, and the affected lung parenchyma percentages between the groups (p = 0.001). The average number of impacted lobes in Group 1 was 2; 4 in Group 2 and Group 3. The mean percentage of affected lung parenchyma percentage was 25% in Group 1 and Group 2, and 50% in Group 3.Conclusion: In case of infiltration dominated by right middle or upper lobe involvement with a consolidation pattern, there is a higher risk of future intensive care need. Also, the need for intensive care increases as the number of affected lobes and percentage of affected parenchymal involvement increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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39. Imaging Features to Predict Response to Olfactory Training in Post‐Traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction.

Author

Altundag, Aytug, Saatci, Ozlem, Kandemirli, Sedat G., Sanli, Deniz E. T., Duz, Ozge A., Sanli, Ahmet N., and Yildirim, Duzgun

Abstract

Objectives/Hypothesis: Prognosis of post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction is poor, with medical treatment options showing limited success rates. Olfactory training (OT) has been introduced as a potential therapeutic option in olfactory dysfunction. We aimed to identify the imaging features that would predict a better response to OT and create an imaging‐based prognostic scale. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients that underwent OT at our center for post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction. Olfactory functions at the time of initial presentation and at completion of OT were evaluated using Sniffin' Sticks test and threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores were calculated. Patients were divided into responders (ROT group: 16 cases) and non‐responders (n‐ROT group: 36 cases) to OT based on TDI score change (cut‐off 5.5 point). Morphological measurements of olfactory fossa, olfactory bulb volume and signal abnormalities, olfactory nerve filia integrity, siderosis, encephalomalacic changes in olfactory cortex, and other cortical regions were reviewed. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender distribution, olfactory dysfunction duration, head‐trauma severity, and initial TDI scores. A model incorporating five variables: cribriform plate fracture, olfactory fossa depth (cut‐off: 4.9 mm), olfactory bulb encephalomalacia, olfactory bulb volume (cut‐off: 27.1 mm3), and siderosis was developed. This model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.950, and a cut‐off value of 1 had 76.5% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity in prediction of response to OT. Conclusions: We developed an imaging‐based scoring system with good specificity that can be used as an adjunctive tool for patient counseling, and optimal selection of management options. Level of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2243–E2250, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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40. Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related smell dysfunction: an international view.

Author

Huart, Caroline, Philpott, Carl M., Altundag, Aytug, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Frasnelli, Johannes, Gane, Simon, Hsieh, Julien W., Holbrook, Eric H., Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Landis, Basile N., Macchi, Alberto, Mueller, Christian A., Negoias, Simona, Pinto, Jayant M., Poletti, Sophia C., Ramakrishnan, Vijay R., Rombaux, Philippe, Vodicka, Jan, Welge‐Lüessen, Antje, and Whitcroft, Katherine L.

Published
2021
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41. Olfactory Cleft Measurements and COVID-19-Related Anosmia.

Author

Altundag, Aytug, Yıldırım, Duzgun, Tekcan Sanli, Deniz Esin, Cayonu, Melih, Kandemirli, Sedat Giray, Sanli, Ahmet Necati, Arici Duz, Ozge, and Saatci, Ozlem

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory cleft (OC) morphology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anosmia compared to control subjects and postviral anosmia related to infection other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).Study Design: Prospective.Setting: This study comprises 91 cases, including 24 cases with anosmia due to SARS-CoV-2, 38 patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) due to viral infection other than SARS-CoV-2, and a control group of 29 normosmic cases.Methods: All cases had paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), and cases with OD had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dedicated to the olfactory nerve. The OC width and volumes were measured on CT, and T2-weighted signal intensity (SI), olfactory bulb volumes, and olfactory sulcus depths were assessed on MRI.Results: This study showed 3 major findings: the right and left OC widths were significantly wider in anosmic patients due to SARS-CoV-2 (group 1) or OD due to non-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection (group 2) when compared to healthy controls. OC volumes were significantly higher in group 1 or 2 than in healthy controls, and T2 SI of OC area was higher in groups 1 and 2 than in healthy controls. There was no significant difference in olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depths on MRI among groups 1 and 2.Conclusion: In this study, patients with COVID-19 anosmia had higher OC widths and volumes compared to control subjects. In addition, there was higher T2 SI of the olfactory bulb in COVID-19 anosmia compared to control subjects, suggesting underlying inflammatory changes. There was a significant negative correlation between these morphological findings and threshold discrimination identification scores.Level Of Evidence: Level 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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42. COVID‐19: Recovery from Chemosensory Dysfunction. A Multicentre study on Smell and Taste.

Author

Niklassen, Andreas Steenholt, Draf, Julia, Huart, Caroline, Hintschich, Constantin, Bocksberger, Simone, Trecca, Eleonora Maria Consiglia, Klimek, Ludger, Le Bon, Serge D., Altundag, Aytug, and Hummel, Thomas

Abstract

Objective/Hypothesis: With the COVID‐19 pandemic, chemosensory dysfunction are among the most prevalent symptoms. Most reports are subjective evaluations, which have been suggested to be unreliable. The objective is to test chemosensory dysfunction and recovery based on extensive psychophysical tests in COVID‐19 during the course of the disease. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 111 patients from four centers participated in the study. All tested positive for SARS‐COV‐2 with RT‐PCR. They were tested within 3 days of diagnosis and 28 to 169 days after infection. Testing included extensive olfactory testing with the Sniffin' Sticks test for threshold, discrimination and identification abilities, and with the Taste Sprays and Taste Strips for gustatory function for quasi‐threshold and taste identification abilities. Results: There was a significant difference in olfactory function during and after infection. During infection 21% were anosmic, 49% hyposmic, and 30% normosmic. After infection only 1% were anosmic, 26% hyposmic, and 73% normosmic. For gustatory function, there was a difference for all taste qualities, but significantly in sour, bitter, and total score. Twenty‐six percent had gustatory dysfunction during infection and 6.5% had gustatory dysfunction after infection. Combining all tests 22% had combined olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during infection. After infection no patients had combined dysfunction. Conclusions: Chemosensory dysfunction is very common in COVID‐19, either as isolated smell or taste dysfunction or a combined dysfunction. Most people regain their chemosensory function within the first 28 days, but a quarter of the patients show persisting dysfunction, which should be referred to specialist smell and taste clinics for rehabilitation of chemosensory function. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 131:1095–1100, 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to a Giant Dentigerous Cyst.

Author

Yilmaz, Eren, Altundag, Aytug, Karamik, Pelin, Yildirim, Duzgun, and Behzatoglu, Kemal

Subjects
MAXILLARY sinus surgery, ENDOSCOPIC surgery, MAXILLARY sinus, OPERATIVE surgery, DENTAL extraction, NASAL cavity, TREATMENT effectiveness, HEALTH care teams, ODONTOGENIC cysts, ENDOSCOPY
Abstract

Dentigerous cysts constitute 20% of all odontogenic cysts and are often located in the mandible and maxilla. They are often seen at young ages and in men. Patients are usually asymptomatic, and the diagnosis is established by dental radiographs in routine scans. Surgery is recommended for dentigerous cysts because ameloblastoma, intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma, or intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma may develop from them. Generally the transoral route is preferred over the endoscopic route for dentigerous cysts located in the maxilla. In addition to the question of the transnasal versus oral approach to dentigerous cysts, another controversy is the removal or marsupialization of the entire cyst. In our 10-year-old male patient, a cyst that completely filled the right maxillary sinus and eroded the lateral and anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was treated with transnasal endoscopic surgery. The cyst wall and 3 permanent teeth were removed endoscopically. No post-operative complications were observed. The patient's age and the location and size of the cyst play an important role in the choice of treatment. Furthermore, the most accurate way to choose the appropriate treatment is to make the treatment decision with a multidisciplinary approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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45. Olfactory Cleft Width and Volume: Possible Risk Factors for Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction.

Author

Altundag, Aytug, Temirbekov, Dastan, Haci, Cemal, Yildirim, Duzgun, and Cayonu, Melih

Abstract

Objectives/hypothesis: Upper respiratory tract infections are a common cause of temporary and permanent olfactory dysfunction in the general population. Postviral or postinfectious olfactory loss (PIOL) develops only in rare cases. The aim of this study was to investigate the anatomical features of olfactory cleft (OC) in patients with PIOL to shed light on possible predisposing factors for PIOL.Study Design: Retrospective study.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan results of patients diagnosed with PIOL. A control group consisted of normosmic individuals who underwent paranasal sinus CT scans before septoplasty surgery. We compared the olfactory fossa depth, OC width, and volume on the CT scans of the PIOL and control groups.Results: In total, 71 individuals fulfilled the study criteria (PIOL group, n = 32; control group, n = 39). There was no statistically significant difference in the olfactory fossa depth in the two groups. The OC width and volume in the PIOL group was found to be significantly increased than that in the control group (P < .001 for both).Conclusions: Patients with PIOL had increased OC width and volume than the healthy controls. An extra-wide olfactory cleft may be a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of PIOL.Level Of Evidence: 4 Laryngoscope, 131:5-9, 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. A novel method for reconstruction of severe caudal nasal septal deviation: Marionette septoplasty

Author

Kayabasoglu, Gurkan, Nacar, Alpen, Yilmaz, Mahmut Sinan, Altundag, Aytug, and Guven, Mehmet

Subjects
Nasal septum -- Research -- Care and treatment, Rhinoplasty -- Methods -- Analysis -- Usage -- Patient outcomes, Health
Abstract

We conducted a retrospective study to compare open and endonasal (closed) approaches to extracorporeal reconstruction of severe caudal septal deviations. From January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2013, 78 patients [...]

Published
2015

49. Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Has Negative Effects on Taste and Smell Functions.

Author

Altundag, Aytug, Cayonu, Melih, Salihoglu, Murat, Yazıcı, Hasmet, Kurt, Onuralp, Yalcınkaya, Esin, and Saglam, Omer

Abstract

Objective: We evaluated the halimetric, olfactory, and taste functions of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study Design: Prospective clinical study.Setting: Multicenter tertiary care hospital.Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with LPR for the first time on the basis of a Reflux Finding Score (RFS) >11 and a Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) >13 were enrolled in this study. A control group was selected from patients without a complaint of LPR. OralChroma was used for the halimetric measurement; Sniffin' Sticks were used for the smelling test; Taste Strips were used for the taste test; and monosodium L-glutamate was used for the umami test.Results: A total of 110 subjects were included, with a mean age of 36.8 ± 10 years (range, 19-57 years). The differences in odor threshold scores were significant between the groups (P < .001), but no change was detected for the odor identification or discrimination scores between the groups. Bitter taste scores were significantly diminished in the reflux group compared with those in the control group (P = .001), whereas no impairments were found in the other taste scores (sweet, salty, and sour). The reflux group had significantly higher umami taste scores than those of the control group for the posterior tongue and soft palate anatomic sites (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Dimethyl sulfite levels were significantly higher in the reflux group than in the control (P = .001).Conclusion: Questioning patients who present with halitosis, taste, or smelling disorders is important to diagnose LPR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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50. Olfactory and Gustatory Functions after Anterior Palatoplasty in Patients with Primary Snoring.

Author

Saglam, Omer, Altundag, Aytug, Cayonu, Melih, Salihoglu, Murat, Azizli, Elad, Dursun, Engin, and Cetin, Bilal

Abstract

Objective: In this study, we investigated the chemical senses (namely, olfaction), the 4 basic tastes, and umami taste in patients who underwent anterior palatoplasty (AP) for primary snoring.Study Design: Prospective clinical study.Setting: Multicenter, tertiary care hospitals.Subjects and Methods: The age range of the 28 participants was 22 to 47 years, and all had been diagnosed with primary snoring by polysomnography. Orthonasal and retronasal olfactory testing was performed using the respective "Sniffin' Sticks." Tests for the 4 basic tastes (sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) and umami were performed before and 6 months after AP.Results: The changes between the preoperative and postoperative results for the 4 basic tastes, which were applied to the anterior tongue region, were not significant. Retronasal olfactory function improved significantly 6 months after AP (P = .007). After AP, umami scores for the soft palate but not those of the anterior and posterior tongue decreased significantly (P = .001).Conclusion: Patients scheduled for AP should be properly informed about potential postoperative taste and flavor changes. They should also be warned of a possible loss of appetite due to a postoperative decrease in the umami taste sensation of the soft palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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